Abdominal Wall Masses and Hernias Quiz

Defect in abdominal musculature after surgery = Incisional hernia Protrusion of the navel = Umbilical hernia Occurs in the midline of the epigastrium with fat content = Midline hernia Nonreducible and may require immediate surgery = Incarcerated hernia

Develops during pregnancy = Umbilical hernia Occurs in chronic respiratory disease = Diaphragmatic hernia Small fascial defects in linea alba = Midline hernia Contains a bit of fat and feels as a small, tender nodule = Incarcerated hernia

Increased abdominal pressure causes protrusion = Hernias Separation of rectus abdominis muscles = Diastasis recti Obstructed blood supply to protruded contents = Incarcerated hernia Smooth, even movement with respiration = Normal abdominal findings

<p>Fatigue, weakness, and bloating = Paralytic ileus Defect in diaphragm muscle leading to abdominal contents entering chest cavity = Diaphragmatic hernia Develops after a surgical incision = Incisional hernia Protrusion at the umbilicus due to weakness in abdominal wall = Umbilical hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible superficial abdominal wall masses = Hernias Little clinical significance, common in pregnancy/postpartum period = Diastasis recti Intrathoracic pressure repeatedly increased = Diaphragmatic hernia Rectus abdominis muscles separation on head raising from table = Diastasis recti</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralytic ileus = Commonly caused by diuretics, narcotics, and hypothyroidism Diaphragmatic hernia = Bulges or masses may appear upon deep breath or head raise maneuver Umbilical hernia = Muscles contract producing prominence in thin or athletic adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragmatic hernia = Distended abdomen due to tumor, pancreatic cyst, or gastric dilation Incisional hernia = Asymmetric distention indicating hernia, tumor, cysts, bowel obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralytic ileus = Abdomen significantly distended with hypoactive bowel sounds and diminished deep tendon reflexes Umbilical hernia = Contour remains smooth and symmetric upon deep breath or head raise maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distended veins across the abdomen = Suggestive of vascular obstruction Spider nevi = May indicate liver disease Single umbilical artery = Alerts to the possibility of congenital anomalies Granulomatous tissue nodule in umbilical folds = May indicate a granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry and odorless umbilical stump area = Normal after separation Persistent drainage after cord separation = Possible patent urachal cyst or remnant Protrusion through umbilicus or rectus abdominis when infant strains = May suggest umbilical hernia Inverted umbilicus with visible and palpable bulge = Characteristic of small umbilical hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intestinal structure visible through umbilical area membrane = Suggestive of omphalocele Serosanguineous discharge after cord separation = Indicative of granuloma if no signs of infection present Redness, induration, and skin warmth in umbilical stump inspection = Signs of possible infection Protrusion of omentum and intestine through umbilical opening = Characteristic of incisional hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Umbilical cord with only two arteries present = Associated with congenital anomalies Visible protrusion through rectus abdominis muscles on straining = Suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia Dry and odorless umbilical stump area inspection = Normal post-separation at 2 weeks of age Serous discharge seen after cord separation = Consideration for a patent urachal cyst or remnant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible granulomatous tissue nodule in umbilical folds = Indicative of a granuloma Distended veins across the abdomen examination finding = Suggestive of vascular obstruction Protrusion of omentum and intestine through umbilical opening = Characteristic of incisional hernia Umbilical cord with a single artery present = Signals possibility of congenital anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralytic ileus = Condition where there is a temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis Diaphragmatic hernia = Hernia that occurs when abdominal organs push through an opening in the diaphragm Umbilical hernia = Hernia that occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through the umbilical opening in the abdominal muscles Incisional hernia = Hernia that develops at the site of a surgical incision in the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periumbilical discoloration (Cullen sign) = Intra-abdominal bleeding Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule = Intra-abdominal malignancy Symmetric distention from umbilicus to symphysis = Ovarian tumor, pregnancy, uterine fibroids Striae of recent origin turning silvery white over time = Result from pregnancy or weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized symmetric distention = Obesity, enlarged organs, fluid or gas Enlarged and sometimes painful umbilical nodule = Cancer metastasis Striae of Cushing disease remaining purplish = Cushing disease Lesions as secondary skin changes = Gastrointestinal diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis = Paralytic ileus Hernia at the site of a surgical incision = Incisional hernia Organ protrusion through diaphragm opening = Diaphragmatic hernia Intestine protruding through umbilical opening = Umbilical hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symmetric abdomen from seated position to standing position = Contralateral areas of abdomen should be symmetric in appearance and contour Signs of intra-abdominal bleeding = Periumbilical discoloration (Cullen sign) Striae turning silvery white over time = Result from pregnancy or weight gain Pink or blue striae of recent origin = Abdominal tumors or ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralytic ileus = A condition characterized by the temporary cessation of bowel peristalsis Diaphragmatic hernia = A defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity Hernias = Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the body wall Umbilical hernia = A type of hernia that occurs near the belly button in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incisional hernia = A type of hernia that develops at the site of a surgical scar Diastasis rectus abdominis = A separation between the rectus abdominis muscles in the midline Rectus abdominis muscles = Muscles located in the abdomen that may become separated in certain conditions Peristaltic waves = Wave-like contractions of the intestines to move contents along the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent vomiting in infants = May indicate a problem like herniation through rectus abdominis muscles Visible peristaltic waves in thin infants = Could suggest an intestinal obstruction such as pyloric stenosis Potbellied appearance in young children = Common when standing, sitting, and supine, due to a slight protrusion of the abdomen Tangential lighting observation of abdomen = Used to look for peristaltic waves and abnormalities in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most umbilical hernias close spontaneously by 1 to 2 years of age = Developmental timeline for closure of this type of hernia Maximum size reached by umbilical hernias generally by 1 month of age = Indication of growth progression for this hernia type Diastasis rectus abdominis commonly found between xiphoid and umbilicus = Typical location for this separation in children Rectus abdominis muscle non-approximation is common in diastasis rectus abdominis = Explanation for the separation between these muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herniation through rectus abdominis muscles visible under tangential lighting = Visual clue to a rare but problematic condition Potbellied appearance in young children = Physical presentation due to protrusion of the abdomen Umbilical hernia in an infant (Fig. 18.31) = Visible example of a specific type of hernia at a certain age Midline separation between xiphoid and umbilicus (Diastasis rectus abdominis) = Anatomical feature commonly observed in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragmatic hernia = Herniation of abdominal organs through a defect in the diaphragm Umbilical hernia = Protrusion of abdominal contents through a weakness in the umbilical ring Incisional hernia = Bulging of tissue through a surgical incision in the abdominal wall Paralytic ileus = Non-mechanical obstruction of the intestines due to lack of peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritoneum = Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and protecting abdominal organs Greater and lesser omentum = Double folds of peritoneum around the stomach providing protective covering Mesentery = Fan-shaped fold of peritoneum covering most of the small intestine and anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall Linea alba = Tendinous band in the midline of the abdomen between rectus abdominis muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectus abdominis muscles = Anterior muscles protecting the abdominal cavity Internal oblique muscles = Muscles located laterally to protect the abdomen External oblique muscles = Muscles located laterally to protect the abdomen Inguinal ligament (Poupart ligament) = Extends from ilium to pubis on each side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophagus = Transports food from mouth to stomach Stomach = Site for food digestion with gastric juices Small intestine = Primary site for nutrient absorption Large intestine = Absorbs water and forms solid waste for excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis = Movement of food along alimentary tract under autonomic nervous system control Ingestion and digestion = Functions performed by alimentary tract for nutrient absorption Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water = Essential function carried out by small intestine Excretion of waste products = End function of alimentary tract under autonomic nervous system control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External oblique aponeurosis = Forms the outermost layer of the anterior abdominal wall Transverse abdominis = Deep muscle layer that helps compress the abdominal contents Rectus sheath = Covering of the rectus abdominis muscle Internal oblique = Muscle layer that lies between the external oblique and transverse abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder = Underneath the liver Spleen = Located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen Pancreas = Adjacent to the duodenum Appendix = Attached to the cecum in the lower right abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic duct = Connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct Common bile duct = Carries bile from the liver to the small intestine Falciform ligament = Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm Hepatic portal vein = Transports nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vermiform appendix = Blind pouch extension from cecum Hepatic flexure = Bend in colon near liver Ileocecal valve = Prevents backflow of fecal material from large intestine to small intestine Pyloric sphincter = Regulates food passage from stomach to small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior mesenteric artery and vein = Supplies blood to and drains blood from small intestine and part of colon Inferior vena cava = Returns deoxygenated blood from lower body to heart Celiac trunk = Branches into common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries Renal artery and vein = Supply and drain blood from kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers