Podcast
Questions and Answers
In which quadrant is the liver located?
In which quadrant is the liver located?
In which quadrant is the gallbladder located?
In which quadrant is the gallbladder located?
In which quadrant is the pylorus located?
In which quadrant is the pylorus located?
In which quadrant is the duodenum located?
In which quadrant is the duodenum located?
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In which quadrant is the hepatic flexure of the colon located?
In which quadrant is the hepatic flexure of the colon located?
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In which quadrant is the head of the pancreas located?
In which quadrant is the head of the pancreas located?
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In which quadrant is the stomach located?
In which quadrant is the stomach located?
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In which quadrant is the body and tail of the pancreas located?
In which quadrant is the body and tail of the pancreas located?
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In which quadrant is the terminal ileum located?
In which quadrant is the terminal ileum located?
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In which quadrant is the appendix located?
In which quadrant is the appendix located?
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In which quadrant is the ascending colon located?
In which quadrant is the ascending colon located?
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In which quadrant is the right ovary located?
In which quadrant is the right ovary located?
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In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located?
In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located?
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The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the abdominopelvic cavity.
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The visceral peritoneum is continuous with the parietal peritoneum.
The visceral peritoneum is continuous with the parietal peritoneum.
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The peritoneal cavity is closed in females.
The peritoneal cavity is closed in females.
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A mesentery is a single layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ.
A mesentery is a single layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ.
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A peritoneal ligament is a single layer of peritoneum that connects two organs.
A peritoneal ligament is a single layer of peritoneum that connects two organs.
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Retroperitoneal organs are located completely within the peritoneal cavity.
Retroperitoneal organs are located completely within the peritoneal cavity.
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Intraperitoneal organs are completely invested by the visceral peritoneum.
Intraperitoneal organs are completely invested by the visceral peritoneum.
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The liver is a retroperitoneal organ.
The liver is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The tail of the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.
The tail of the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The stomach is a retroperitoneal organ.
The stomach is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The first part of the duodenum is a retroperitoneal organ.
The first part of the duodenum is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The jejunum and ileum are retroperitoneal organs.
The jejunum and ileum are retroperitoneal organs.
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The appendix is a retroperitoneal organ.
The appendix is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The transverse colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
The transverse colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The sigmoid colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
The sigmoid colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The upper 1/3 of the rectum is a retroperitoneal organ.
The upper 1/3 of the rectum is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The suprarenal glands are retroperitoneal organs.
The suprarenal glands are retroperitoneal organs.
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The aorta and inferior vena cava are retroperitoneal organs.
The aorta and inferior vena cava are retroperitoneal organs.
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The second, third, and fourth parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal organs.
The second, third, and fourth parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal organs.
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Most of the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.
Most of the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The ureters are retroperitoneal organs.
The ureters are retroperitoneal organs.
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The ascending colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
The ascending colon is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The esophagus is a retroperitoneal organ.
The esophagus is a retroperitoneal organ.
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Most of the rectum is a retroperitoneal organ.
Most of the rectum is a retroperitoneal organ.
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The liver stores glycogen.
The liver stores glycogen.
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The liver produces bile.
The liver produces bile.
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The gallbladder is a part of the liver.
The gallbladder is a part of the liver.
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The common bile duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct.
The common bile duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct.
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The ampulla of Vater is formed by the union of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.
The ampulla of Vater is formed by the union of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.
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The ampulla of Vater opens into the first part of the duodenum.
The ampulla of Vater opens into the first part of the duodenum.
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The hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common bile duct form the portal triad.
The hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common bile duct form the portal triad.
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The cardia is the first part of the stomach.
The cardia is the first part of the stomach.
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The fundus is the largest region of the stomach.
The fundus is the largest region of the stomach.
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Rugae disappear when the stomach is full.
Rugae disappear when the stomach is full.
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The pyloric sphincter prevents reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach.
The pyloric sphincter prevents reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach.
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The greater omentum attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
The greater omentum attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
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The gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach to the spleen.
The gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach to the spleen.
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The gastrophrenic ligament connects the stomach to the diaphragm.
The gastrophrenic ligament connects the stomach to the diaphragm.
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The gastrocolic ligament connects the stomach to the transverse colon.
The gastrocolic ligament connects the stomach to the transverse colon.
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The lesser omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach.
The lesser omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach.
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The hepatogastric ligament is a thickened free edge of the lesser omentum.
The hepatogastric ligament is a thickened free edge of the lesser omentum.
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The hepatoduodenal ligament extends between the duodenum and liver.
The hepatoduodenal ligament extends between the duodenum and liver.
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The duodenum is the shortest part of the small intestine.
The duodenum is the shortest part of the small intestine.
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The jejunum has fewer and larger loops of arterial arcades than the ileum.
The jejunum has fewer and larger loops of arterial arcades than the ileum.
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The jejunum has longer vasa recta than the ileum.
The jejunum has longer vasa recta than the ileum.
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The mesentery proper attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall.
The mesentery proper attaches the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall.
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The pancreas lies anterior to the stomach.
The pancreas lies anterior to the stomach.
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The head of the pancreas is within the C-shaped curve of the duodenum.
The head of the pancreas is within the C-shaped curve of the duodenum.
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The neck of the pancreas overlies the superior mesenteric vessels.
The neck of the pancreas overlies the superior mesenteric vessels.
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The tail of the pancreas is closely related to the hilum of the spleen and the left colic flexure.
The tail of the pancreas is closely related to the hilum of the spleen and the left colic flexure.
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The right colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure.
The right colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure.
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Omental appendices are small, fatty projections on the large intestine.
Omental appendices are small, fatty projections on the large intestine.
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Teniae coli are three separate bands of longitudinal muscles on the large intestine.
Teniae coli are three separate bands of longitudinal muscles on the large intestine.
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Haustra are pouch-like structures on the large intestine caused by the contraction of teniae coli.
Haustra are pouch-like structures on the large intestine caused by the contraction of teniae coli.
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Flashcards
Liver, gallbladder, and pylorus are located in which quadrant?
Liver, gallbladder, and pylorus are located in which quadrant?
right upper quadrant
Duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, and head of the pancreas are located in which quadrant?
Duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, and head of the pancreas are located in which quadrant?
right upper quadrant
Spleen and splenic flexure of colon are located in which quadrant?
Spleen and splenic flexure of colon are located in which quadrant?
left upper quadrant
Stomach and the body & tail of the pancreas are located in which quadrant?
Stomach and the body & tail of the pancreas are located in which quadrant?
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Terminal ileum, cecum, and appendix are located in which quadrant?
Terminal ileum, cecum, and appendix are located in which quadrant?
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Ascending colon and right ovary are located in which quadrant?
Ascending colon and right ovary are located in which quadrant?
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Descending colon, sigmoid colon, and left ovary are located in which quadrant?
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, and left ovary are located in which quadrant?
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What is the parietal peritoneum? What is the visceral peritoneum?
What is the parietal peritoneum? What is the visceral peritoneum?
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The peritoneal cavity is closed in (males/females) but open in (males/females). Why?
The peritoneal cavity is closed in (males/females) but open in (males/females). Why?
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A mesentery is a (single/double) layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and connects it to the (anterior/posterior) abdominal wall
A mesentery is a (single/double) layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and connects it to the (anterior/posterior) abdominal wall
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A peritoneal ligament is a (single/double) layer of peritoneum that connects one organ to ________________ or to the _______________ _______________
A peritoneal ligament is a (single/double) layer of peritoneum that connects one organ to ________________ or to the _______________ _______________
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What are retroperitoneal organs?
What are retroperitoneal organs?
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What are intraperitoneal organs?
What are intraperitoneal organs?
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: liver
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: liver
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: tail of pancreas
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: tail of pancreas
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: spleen
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: spleen
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: stomach
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: stomach
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: first part of duodenum
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: first part of duodenum
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: jejunum and ileum
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: jejunum and ileum
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: cecum
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: cecum
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: appendix
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: appendix
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: transverse colon
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: transverse colon
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: sigmoid colon
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: sigmoid colon
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: upper 1/3 of rectum
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: upper 1/3 of rectum
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: suprarenal glands
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: suprarenal glands
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Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: aorta and inferior vena cava
Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal organ: aorta and inferior vena cava
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Study Notes
Abdominal Organ Quadrants
- Liver, gallbladder, pylorus are located in the right upper quadrant.
- Duodenum, hepatic flexure of the colon, and head of the pancreas are located in the right upper quadrant
- Spleen and splenic flexure of the colon are in the left upper quadrant.
- Stomach and body & tail of the pancreas lie in the left upper quadrant.
- Terminal ileum, cecum, and appendix are in the right lower quadrant.
- Ascending colon and right ovary are in the right lower quadrant.
- Descending colon, sigmoid colon, and left ovary are in the left lower quadrant.
Peritoneum
- Parietal peritoneum: Mesothelium lining the inside of the abdominopelvic cavity.
- Visceral peritoneum: Mesothelium covering the viscera, continuous with the parietal peritoneum.
Peritoneal Cavity
- The peritoneal cavity is closed in males but open in females to allow for oocyte passage from ovaries to fallopian tubes.
Mesenteries and Ligaments
- Mesentery: Double layer of peritoneum enclosing an organ and connecting it to the posterior abdominal wall.
- Peritoneal ligament: Single layer of peritoneum connecting an organ to another organ or to the abdominal wall.
Retroperitoneal vs. Intraperitoneal Organs
- Retroperitoneal organs: Partially protrudes; outside the peritoneal cavity, posterior to peritoneum.
- Intraperitoneal organs: Protrude completely into the peritoneal sac and are almost fully invested with visceral peritoneum.
Specific Organ Classifications
- Liver, tail of pancreas, spleen, stomach, first part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, upper third of rectum are intraperitoneal.
- Suprarenal glands, aorta, inferior vena cava, second, third, and fourth part of duodenum, most of pancreas, ureters, esophagus, most of rectum, ascending colon, and descending colon are retroperitoneal.
Liver
- Functions: Detoxification, glycogen storage, hormone production, plasma protein synthesis, bile production.
- Lobes: Right, left, caudate, quadrate.
- Bare area: Part of the liver directly in contact with the diaphragm, lacking visceral peritoneum.
- Ligaments: Coronary (anterior and posterior), triangular (right and left), falciform, round (from umbilical vein). Hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal are in the lesser omentum.
Portal Venous System
- Hepatic portal vein: Carries 75%-80% of blood and nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.
- Formed by: Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein.
- Terminates by branches into the right and left branches.
- Inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein.
Caval Venous System
- Drains blood from posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads, pelvic & perineal structures, and lower limbs.
- Inferior vena cava: Formed by union of the left and right common iliac, forms posterior to the liver.
Venous Anastomoses
- Anastomoses: Connections between caval and portal veins, providing collateral circulation in cases of liver or portal vein obstruction.
- Examples: Esophageal veins, superior and middle & inferior rectal veins, paraumbilical/epigastric veins, colic veins. Associated problems include hemorrhoids, caput medusae.
Gallbladder
- Parts: Neck, body, fundus.
- Ducts: Cystic duct (gallbladder) and hepatic duct (liver) form the common bile duct.
- Hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater): common bile duct and main pancreatic duct form this structure. Opens into the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.
Portal Triad
- Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and common bile duct.
Stomach
- Regions: Cardia (first), fundus (dome-shaped superior), body (largest middle), pylorus (terminal end).
- Rugae: Longitudinal folds of mucous membrane in an empty stomach that disappear when distended.
- Sphincters: Cardiac (lower esophageal) prevents reflux into esophagus, pyloric prevents reflux from duodenum.
Omenta
- Greater omentum: Double-layered sheet hanging from the greater curvature of stomach. Ligaments include gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic, and gastrocolic.
- Lesser omentum: Double-layered sheet hanging from the lesser curvature of stomach. Ligaments include hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal.
Small Intestine
- Parts and lengths: Duodenum (1ft), jejunum (8ft), ileum (12ft).
- Duodenum parts: Superior (1st), descending (2nd), inferior/horizontal (3rd), ascending (4th).
Pancreas
- Parts: Head (surrounded by duodenum), neck (short, above superior mesenteric vessels), body (left of the superior mesenteric vessels), tail (related to spleen and left colic flexure).
- Ucinate process: A projection from the inferior part of the pancreas head.
Large Intestine
- Flexures: Hepatic (right) and splenic (left) flexures.
- Omental (epiploic) appendices: Small, fatty projections.
- Teniae coli: Three bands of longitudinal muscles
- Haustra: Pouch-like structures from teniae coli contractions.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the abdominal organ quadrants, detailing the locations of various organs such as the liver, spleen, and intestines. It also explores the peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, and associated mesenteries and ligaments. Test your knowledge on this essential aspect of human anatomy.
