Pathology: L1

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Questions and Answers

Define pathology

Pathology is the study of disease

Define Disease

Disease is the deviation from the normal structure or function of the body

Define Etiology

Etiology is simply the cause of disease

Define pathogenesis

<p>Pathogenesis is the sequence of events from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesion?

<p>A lesion is any morphological change in tissues during disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prognosis simply means _______

<p>Prognosis simply means the outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pathognomonic lesion?

<p>They are characteristics of a specific disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five pathological processes?

<p>Degeneration/necrosis, inflammation and repair, circulatory disorders, disorders of growth, and deposits and pigmentations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which etiology is characterized by conditions arising from medical treatment or intervention?

<p>Iatrogenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a potential etiology behind a pathological process?

<p>Inflammatory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes systemic pathology from general pathology?

<p>Systemic pathology considers unique responses to injury for specific systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best encapsulates the focus of general pathology?

<p>It identifies the five main pathological processes applicable to all cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of general pathology?

<p>It includes disease processes specific to individual systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do systemic and general pathology differ in their scope regarding tissues?

<p>Systemic pathology requires knowledge of diseases unique to each tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between general and systemic pathology?

<p>General pathology provides basic understanding for systemic pathology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors are included in a morphological diagnosis?

<p>Severity of disease, location, distribution, duration, and pathological process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an etiologies diagnosis based on?

<p>Cause, location, and pathological process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pathognomonic lesions?

<p>Lesions that are characteristic of a specific disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some roles of pathologists in diagnostic investigations?

<p>Identifying lesions, determining clinical significance, speculating etiology, and facilitating confirmatory diagnostics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does “facilitating confirmatory diagnostics” mean in the role of a pathologist?

<p>Assisting in laboratory tests to confirm a suspected diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between clinical pathologists and anatomical pathologists?

<p>Clinical pathologists focus on biochemistries, cytology, blood smear evaluation, and fluid analysis, while anatomical pathologists focus on biopsies and autopsies/necropsies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are clinical manifestations?

<p>Clinical signs resulting from functional abnormalities of affected tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do molecular and morphological changes refer to?

<p>Biochemical and structural alterations in cells and organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is pathology?

The study of disease - how it develops, its causes, and its effects on the body.

What is disease?

A deviation from the normal structure or function of the body.

What is etiology?

The cause of disease.

What is pathogenesis?

The sequence of events from initial stimulus to the final expression of disease in the body.

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What is a lesion?

A morphological change in tissues during disease - essentially a visible change in the structure of the body.

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What does prognosis mean?

The predicted outcome of a disease.

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What is a pathognomonic lesion?

Lesions that are characteristic of a specific disease. They can help doctors make a diagnosis.

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What are the five main pathological processes?

These include degeneration/necrosis, inflammation and repair, circulatory disorders, disorders of growth, and deposits and pigmentations.

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Etiology

The underlying cause of a disease or a pathological process.

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Pathological Process

The changes in tissues that happen because of a disease process.

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Five Pathological Processes

The specific changes in tissues due to disease. Includes degeneration/necrosis, inflammation and repair, circulatory disorders, disorders of growth, and deposits and pigmentations.

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Degeneration/Necrosis

A process where cells die and/or the tissues break down.

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Inflammation and Repair

A process where the body tries to repair itself.

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What is general pathology?

General pathology studies the five main pathological processes that occur in all cells, tissues, and organs. These processes are triggered by various injurious stimuli.

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What is systemic pathology?

Systemic pathology focuses on specific diseases and how they affect different organ systems. It builds upon the principles of general pathology but incorporates the unique responses of each tissue and organ.

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Why is understanding general pathology important?

General pathology provides a foundational understanding of how cells and tissues respond to injury, which is essential for understanding disease development.

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Why is understanding systemic pathology important?

Systemic pathology allows medical professionals to diagnose, treat, and manage diseases. It helps healthcare professionals understand the unique characteristics of diseases affecting different organ systems.

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What is the key difference between general and systemic pathology?

General Pathology focuses on the common responses of the body to injury, while Systemic Pathology focuses on the unique responses of specific organs and systems to injury.

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Study Notes

Pathological Processes and Etiologies

  • Determining the pathological process aids in identifying the cause (etiology).
  • Five key pathological processes are: degeneration/necrosis, inflammation and repair, circulatory disorders, disorders of growth and deposits, and pigmentations.
  • These pathological processes are broadly categorized by their nature, affecting all cells, tissues, and organs.
  • Potential etiologies behind these pathological processes include: genetic/inherited factors, infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic), metabolic issues, toxic exposures, autoimmune responses, idiopathic causes (unknown origin), and iatrogenic causes (resulting from medical treatment).
  • General pathology focuses on the main five pathological processes induced by various damaging agents and applies to all cells, tissues, and organs
  • Systemic pathology delves into the system-specific disease processes. While building upon general pathological processes, it examines the unique responses to injury in each tissue and organ, and the distinct diseases associated with specific systems and species.

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