A & P Lab Quiz 2: Classification of Tissues
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Questions and Answers

Define tissue.

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function. There are four primary tissue types: epithelium, connective, nervous, and muscle.

What lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface?

Epithelium

What type of tissue pumps blood and allows one to swing a bat?

Muscle

What tissue transmits electrical signals?

<p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue anchors, packages, and supports body organs?

<p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial cells may absorb, secrete, and filter.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most involved tissue in regulating and controlling body functions?

<p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of muscle tissue?

<p>To contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue synthesizes hormones?

<p>Epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue includes non-living extracellular matrix?

<p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widespread tissue in the body?

<p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium forms nerves and the brain?

<p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are epithelial tissues classified?

<p>Arrangement/number of layers (simple, stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is removed with a buccal swab?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a buccal swab procedure shouldn't cause bleeding.

<p>Epithelial tissues have no blood supply (avascular).</p> Signup and view all the answers

List five major functions of epithelium in the body.

<ol> <li>Protection: skin (stratified squamous) 2. Absorption: intestinal lining (simple columnar) 3. Filtration: kidney tubules (simple cuboidal) 4. Secretion: kidney cells (simple cuboidal) 5. Sensory reception: free endings of sensory neurons.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does the function of stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia?

<p>Stratified epithelia have more layers for protection; simple epithelia allow materials to move across it and are less protective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is ciliated epithelium found and what role does it play?

<p>It is found in the lining of the respiratory tract and the lining of the male and female reproductive tracts. In the respiratory tract, it sweeps mucus away from the lungs; in the reproductive tract, it propels sperm and ova.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does transitional epithelium differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?

<p>When stretched, its top layers are squamous, but when not stretched, its top layers are pillow-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

<p>Endocrine glands are ductless and produce hormones to enter blood; Exocrine glands maintain ducts and secrete substances such as perspiration, oil, and digestive enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the esophagus?

<p>Stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the stomach?

<p>Simple columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the alveolar sacs of lungs?

<p>Simple squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the tubules of the kidney?

<p>Simple cuboidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the trachea?

<p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the bladder and allows for changes in shape?

<p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the thin serous membranes?

<p>Simple squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three general characteristics of connective tissue.

<ol> <li>CTs have a rich supply of blood vessels (with exceptions) 2. CTs are composed of many types of cells 3. There's a great deal of non-cellular, non-living material (matrix) between the cells of CT.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What functions are performed by connective tissue?

<p>Protection, support, binding together of other tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?

<p>The variety in structures reflects the variety of functions; non-living matrix provides strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones?

<p>Dense regular CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue insulates against heat loss?

<p>Adipose CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis of the skin composed of?

<p>Dense irregular CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the intervertebral discs?

<p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What composes basement membranes?

<p>Areolar CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the larynx and the costal cartilages of the ribs?

<p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue provides a flexible framework for the external ear?

<p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the matrix hard owing to calcium salts and provides levers for muscles?

<p>Osseous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the walls of large arteries?

<p>Elastic CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do adipose cells remind people of a signet ring?

<p>They contain a large, fat-filled vacuole occupying most of the cell volume, causing a 'signet ring' appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?

<ol> <li>Excitability (neurons are specialized to receive stimuli) 2. Conductivity (neurons generate electrical signals).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?

<p>They contain nuclei and organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are neurons structurally different from other cells?

<p>They have long processes (axon/dendrites) and their cytoplasm is drawn out into long extensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.

<p>The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits the signal to other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is involuntarily controlled?

<p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle types are striated?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type has a single nucleus in each cell?

<p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type has several nuclei per cell?

<p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is found attached to bones?

<p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type allows you to direct your eyeballs?

<p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is found in the walls of the stomach, uterus, and arteries?

<p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type contains spindle-shaped cells?

<p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type contains branching cylindrical cells?

<p>Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type contains long, non-branching cylindrical cells?

<p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole?

<p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle type changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts?

<p>Cardiac, smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue is known as the tissue of the heart?

<p>Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tissue Definition and Types

  • Tissue consists of groups of similar cells that share structure and function.
  • Four primary tissue types: epithelium, connective, nervous, and muscle.
  • Each tissue type has unique structures and functions.

Epithelium

  • Lines body cavities and covers external surfaces.
  • Functions include absorption, secretion, filtration, and sensory reception.
  • Cells are polarized with a free apical surface and a basal surface.
  • Avascular but innervated; relies on underlying connective tissue for nutrients.
  • Can regenerate if well nourished.
  • Classified by arrangement (simple, stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).
  • Types include stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus lining) and simple columnar epithelium (stomach lining).

Muscle Tissue

  • Responsible for movement: pumps blood, flushes urine, enables bodily movements.
  • Major function is contraction.
  • Types include skeletal muscle (voluntary control, striated) and cardiac muscle (involuntary control, striated).

Nervous Tissue

  • Transmits electrical signals; involved in regulating and controlling body functions.
  • Structures include neurons and glial cells.
  • Key characteristics: excitability (responding to stimuli) and conductivity (transmitting signals).

Connective Tissue

  • Primarily provides support, anchors, and packages organs; includes a diverse range of types.
  • Contains a non-living extracellular matrix that varies in composition and amount.
  • Well-vascularized except for few (e.g., cartilage, tendons).
  • Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.

Specific Connective Tissues

  • Adipose connective tissue insulates against heat loss.
  • Dense regular connective tissue attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones.
  • Hyaline cartilage provides flexible support, found in structures like the larynx, rib costal cartilages, and embryonic skeleton.
  • Elastic connective tissue comprises walls of large arteries.

Epithelial Characteristics

  • Features of epithelial tissues: specialized contacts (tight junctions), supported by connective tissue, and high regenerating capacity.
  • Transitional epithelium, found in the bladder, can stretch and maintain integrity.

Glandular Epithelium

  • Endocrine glands: ductless, secrete hormones into extracellular fluid/blood.
  • Exocrine glands: have ducts, secrete substances to membrane surfaces (perspiration, digestive enzymes).

Unique Features of Cell Types

  • Neurons possess long processes (axons/dendrites) useful for impulse conduction over distance.
  • Cardiac muscle contains branching cylindrical cells with intercalated discs enabling coordinated contraction.
  • Skeletal muscle features long, non-branching cylindrical cells, typically under voluntary control.

Summary for Quick Revision

  • Epithelial tissues are protective, absorptive, and secretory.
  • Muscle tissues are classified based on control and striation.
  • Nervous tissue functions in signal transmission and regulation.
  • Connective tissues vary widely, characterized by their matrix and vasculature.

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Test your knowledge on the classification of tissues with this A & P Lab Quiz. It covers the four primary tissue types, their structures, and functions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of anatomy and physiology.

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