A Level Sociology: Globalisation, Demography and Migration

The birth rate has fallen (11.1 in 2018 – lowest since records began)

Death rates have decreased (9.2 in 2017, 19 in 1900)

Immigration

<p>Emigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Net migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total fertility rate has fallen (1.8 in 2018 vs. 2.95 in 1694)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average number of children per family is 1.8, and this number has decreased since 2015 when it was 42%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NHS in 1948, screening services</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ageing population puts a burden on the NHS and increases the dependency ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased life expectancy leads to a longer retirement period, resulting in increased spending power and benefits to the economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women have taken on a more expressive role, adopting the 'sandwich generation' role of caring for both older and younger relatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migration has led to an increase in diverse family structures, including hybrid families and multigenerational households.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ageing population leads to increased dependency on younger family members, resulting in changes to household structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing attitudes towards childcare have led to an increase in lone-parent families and a decrease in extended family structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older people are increasingly involved in volunteerism, which benefits society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in retirement age, resulting in a longer working life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ageing population increases the dependency ratio, leading to a higher burden on the working-age population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in one person households, multigenerational extended families/beanpole families, hybrid families/multi-ethnic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased retirement period, spending power of the elderly benefits the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in family size, increase in lone parent families, increase in dual worker families</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in dependency ratio, as the number of elderly increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased burden on NHS, struggle to meet cost demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women adopt expressive role, taking on burden of caring for older/younger relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in diverse family structures, such as Afro-Caribbean lone parent families and Bangladeshi/Indian extended families</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in nuclear families, increase in one person households</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in older workers, increased burden on women – beanpole families/sandwich generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased volunteerism, benefits society, increased spending power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decline in infant mortality rates means that more children are surviving to adulthood, potentially leading to larger families and changing family dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing financial cost of children may lead to fewer children being born, as parents may not be able to afford to support a larger family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As women's education and employment opportunities increase, fertility rates tend to decrease, as women may delay or forgo having children to pursue their careers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of the NHS in 1948 led to improved healthcare and access to medical services, contributing to a decline in death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness, facilitating the movement of people across countries and contributing to changes in migration patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline in infant mortality rates means that more children are surviving to adulthood, contributing to an increase in population size and changes in population demographics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in lifestyle, such as increased consumerism and child-centredness, may lead to decreased fertility rates, as parents may prioritize other aspects of their lives over having children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in effectiveness and availability of contraception has given individuals more control over their reproductive choices, leading to decreased fertility rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in death rates, such as a decline in death rates, can lead to an increase in population size and changes in population demographics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline in infectious diseases, such as through vaccination and improved public health services, has contributed to a decline in death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers