Sociology of Aging

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span?

  • Primary aging (correct)
  • Gerontology
  • Senescence
  • Secondary aging

At what age does the 'oldest old' stage begin, according to the classification?

  • 80
  • 75
  • 90
  • 85 (correct)

What is the primary role of mitochondria in cellular processes?

  • To facilitate the immune response
  • To protect chromosomes from damage
  • To generate energy for cell processes (correct)
  • To regulate hormone production

What is the study of the aged and the process of aging called?

<p>Gerontology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of aging suggests that the body ages as a result of genetic malfunction leading to hormonal changes?

<p>Endocrine theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of a person to function effectively in their physical and social environment compared to others of the same age?

<p>Functional age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protective tips of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division?

<p>Telomeres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for prejudice or discrimination against a person based on age?

<p>Ageism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of aging proposes that the body ages as a result of the accumulation of damage beyond the body's ability to repair it?

<p>Wear-and-tear theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the essential activities that support survival, such as eating and dressing?

<p>ADLs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for highly unstable oxygen atoms or molecules formed during metabolism?

<p>Free radicals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the length of an individual's life?

<p>Longevity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of aging suggests that an aging immune system can become 'confused' and attack the body's own cells?

<p>Autoimmune theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the theories that explain biological aging as resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable?

<p>Genetic-programming theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept that the body can do just so much work, and the faster it works, the faster it wears out?

<p>Rate-of-living theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genetically controlled limit proposed by Hayflick, beyond which cells cannot divide?

<p>Hayflick limit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Ageism and Aging

  • Ageism: prejudice or discrimination against a person based on age
  • The Graying of the Population: gradual increase in the proportion of older people in the population

Stages of Aging

  • Young old: people aged 65-74, healthy and active majority of older adults
  • Old old: people aged 75-84, frail, infirm, and in the minority of older people
  • Oldest old: people aged 85 and above
  • Primary aging: gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span
  • Secondary aging: aging processes resulting from disease and bodily abuse and disuse, often preventable

Functional Age and ADLs

  • Functional age: measure of a person's ability to function effectively in their physical and social environment
  • Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): essential activities that support survival, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting around the house

Gerontology and Geriatrics

  • Gerontology: study of the aged and the process of aging
  • Geriatrics: branch of medicine concerned with processes of aging and age-related medical conditions

Physical Development

  • Longevity: length of an individual's life
  • Life expectancy: age to which a person is statistically likely to live, based on average longevity of a population
  • Life span: longest period for which members of a species can live

Theories of Aging

  • Senescence: period of life span marked by changes in physical functioning associated with aging
  • Genetic-programming theories: theories that explain biological aging as resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable
  • Programmed senescence: theory of aging in which specific genes "switch off" before age-related losses become evident
  • Mitochondria: minute organisms that generate energy for cell processes, whose fragmentation is hypothesized to be a cause of aging

Variable-Rate Theories

  • Variable-rate theories: theories explaining biological aging as a result of processes that vary from person to person and are influenced by both internal and external environment
  • Metabolism: conversion of food and oxygen into energy
  • Wear-and-tear theory: theory that the body ages as a result of accumulated damage to the system beyond the body's ability to repair it
  • Free-radical theory: theory that attributes aging to the harmful effects of free radicals
  • Rate-of-living theory: theory of aging that suggests that the body can do just so much work, and the faster it works, the faster it wears out
  • Autoimmune theory: theory of aging that suggests that an aging immune system can become "confused" and release antibodies that attack the body's own cells

Life Span Extension

  • Survival curves: curves showing percentages of a population that survive at each age level
  • Hayflick limit: genetically controlled limit, proposed by H...

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