34 Questions
During translation, which molecule is bound to IF2?
fMet-tRNAfmet
Which molecule is introduced instead of methionine for the initiation codon?
Formyl methionine (fmet)
Which tRNA is formylated during translation?
tRNAfmet
Which component of ribosomes in bacteria is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation?
rRNA
Which complex is formed by the 30S and 50S subunits in bacterial ribosomes?
Functional 70S ribosomes
Which molecule serves as a source of energy during the initiation of translation in bacteria?
GTP
What is the role of release factors (RF1, RF2, RF3) in the termination and ribosome recycling phase of translation?
Release of the polypeptide chain
In eukaryotic ribosomes, what is the size of the small subunit?
40S
What is the role of IF-3 during translation initiation in bacteria?
Keeps the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits apart
What is the function of IF-2 during translation initiation?
Recruits fMet-tRNA to the peptidyl site
What is the significance of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in translation initiation?
Guides mRNA to its correct position on the ribosome
Which molecule is responsible for binding to IF-1, IF-3, and mRNA during translation initiation?
30S ribosomal subunit
In what way is an internal met codon processed?
Charged with met by met-tRNA synthetase
What is the role of IF-2-GTP in the formation of the initiation complex in bacteria?
Recruits fmet-tRNAfmet and hydrolyzes GTP
What serves as a signal for the initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria?
Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA
What happens to IF-2-GTP in the last step of initiation complex formation?
It hydrolyzes to GDP and is released
What is the function of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in bacterial protein synthesis?
Binds aminoacyl tRNA and GTP
Where does the aminoacyl tRNA-EF-Tu-GTP complex bind in the 70S initiation complex?
A site
What occurs during the termination stage of protein synthesis?
Release of mRNA and protein dissociation
In the elongation phase of protein synthesis, what is the main function of the ribosome?
Matching tRNAs to each codon
What is the primary purpose of translocation during translation?
Movement of ribosome along mRNA
What happens when a STOP codon is reached during protein synthesis?
Translation is terminated
During protein synthesis, what role does ribosome recycling play?
Prepares for another round of protein synthesis
What catalyzes the reaction of transferring the fmet group from tRNA in the P site to the amino acid in the A site during elongation in bacterial protein synthesis?
23S rRNA (ribozyme)
What triggers the binding of termination factors (Release Factors) RF-1, RF-2, RF-3 in bacterial protein synthesis?
Stop codons UAA, UAG, or UGA
What role does Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) play in bacterial protein synthesis termination?
Causes subunits of ribosome to dissociate
What is the role of IF-3 during the formation of the initiation complex in bacterial translation?
Keeps 30S and 50S subunits apart
How many ATP equivalents are used in the aminoacetylation step?
2
How many ATP equivalents are used in the elongation step?
1
How many ATP equivalents are used in the translocation step?
1
How many ATP equivalents are used in the initiation step?
1
How many ATP equivalents are used in the termination step?
1
How many ATP equivalents are used in proofreading?
1
How many ATP equivalents are needed to synthesize a polypeptide of 150 amino acids that required proofreading for 2 of its amino acids?
602
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