Pre = Before Basic components of words = Word root, Suffix, Combining form, & Prefix Combining form = "o" & "i" Combining vowels = arthr/o

Post = After Suffix-itis = Inflammation Gastr = Stomach

Location of prefixes = Beginning of a word Location of suffixes = End of the word Word root = Foundation of a word, such as cardi & arthro Nephritis = Inflammation of the kidney

Arthrodesis = Fixation of a joint Dermatitis = Inflammation of skin Arthrocentesis = Surgical procedure of a joint Gastrectomy = Excision of the stomach

Meter = Instrument for measuring Graph = Instrument for recording Scopy = Visual examination Scope = Instrument used to visually examine

Algia = Pain Gram = Record, Writing Ectasis = Dilation, Expansion Metry = Act of measuring

Edema = Swelling Means difficult speaking = Dysphonia Means a softening of cartilage = Chondromalacia Refers to a woman pregnant for the first time = Primigravida

Act of measuring the pelvis = Pelvimetry Refers to fear of blood = Hemophobia Lumbar = pertaining to Loins/lower back Cranial = Skull

Cephalad = Toward the head Umbilical = Pertaining to navel Iliac = Ilium Dorsal = Posterior

Ventral = Belly side Proximal = Nearest the point of attachment Distal = Farthest from the center Lateral = Side

Trans = Across Bi = Two Epi = Above, On Infra = Below

Logy = Study of Lysis = Separation Toxic = Poison Genesis = Forming

Ad = Toward Al = Pertaining CT-scan = use X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. These images can be reconstructed into 3D images that show the internal structures in detail. CT scans are well-suited for visualizing bones and dense structures. MRI = uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures. It is particularly good at visualizing soft tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, muscles, and joints.

PET scan = involve the use of a radioactive tracer that emits positrons. As the tracer is taken up by the body's tissues, the emitted positrons interact with electrons, resulting in the emission of gamma rays. These gamma rays are detected by a PET scanner to create images that show the metabolic activity of tissues. Radiography = used to diagnose various medical conditions by providing detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. It helps doctors identify fractures, bone abnormalities, tumors, infections, and other issues within the body Adhesion = refers to the formation of abnormal connections or bands of scar tissue between two internal body surfaces that are not normally attached. These adhesions can develop between various organs, tissues, or structures within the body. Adhesions are a type of fibrous tissue that can form after surgeries, infections, or inflammatory processes.

Ankyl/o (stiffness; bent, crooked) +- osis: abnormal condition = Ankylosis (abnormal stiffness of a bone) Vertebr/o (vertebra) + - al: pertaining to = Vertebral (pertaining to backbone) Muscul/o (muscle) + - ar: pertaining to = Muscular (pertaining to) Patell/o (patella, kneecap) + - ectomy: excision = Pactellectomy (excision/removal of the patella)

Femor/o (femur, thigh bone) + - pertaining to = Femoral (pertaining to the femur) Tendin/o (tendon) + - it is: inflammation = Tendinitis (inflammation of the tendon) Crani/o (cranium, skull) + - tomy: incision = craniotomy (inclusion around the skull) Arthr/o (joint) + - desis: binding, fixation = arthrodesis (binding/fusion of a joint)

Fibr/o (fiber, fibrous tissue) + - oma (tumor) = Fibroma (tumor of fibrous tissue) Paralysis = -Plegia To break, surgical fracture = -clasia Malignant tumor = -sarcoma

Around = peri- To break = -clast Site of contact between two bones; also called a joint = Articulation Pertaining to muscles and the skeleton = Musculoskeletal

Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source = Radiography Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse = tendinitis Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture = Lordosis Abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis = Scoliosis

Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and, commonly, changes in structure = Arthritis Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch = Strain Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability = Sprain Any break in bone = Fracture

Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, lead- ing to a humpback posture; also called hunchback = Kyphosis Decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures = Osteoporosis Spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called Wryneck = Torticollis

CTS = Carpal Tunnel Syndrome THR = Total Hip Replacement ABD/ADD = Abduction/Adduction MD = Muscular Dystrophy

Fx = Fracture RA = Rheumatoid Arthritis First lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on = L1, L2 to L5 Wound, injury, or pathological change in body tissue = Lesion

Pertaining to treating, remediating, or curing a disorder or disease = Therapeutic pertaining to skin = Cutaneous bluish discoloration of the skin = cyanosis Pertaining to a system or the whole body rather than a localized area = systemic

Excessive, Abnormal = Hyper- Same = Homo- Above, Upon = Epi Without, Not = An

Surgical repair = -Plasty Derma = Skin Carrying, Transmission = -Phoresis Cell = -Cyte

Tumor = -Oma Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by come- dos (blackheads), papules, and pustules (small skin lesion filled with purulent material) = Acne Scraping or rubbing away of a surface, such as skin, by friction = - Abrasion Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection) = Abscess-

Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body; also called malignant cells = Carcinoma Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness = Alopecia External or internal loss of a large amount of blood in a short period = Hemorrhage Elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usu- ally results from trauma = Hematoma

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot of the skin that is a smaller version of an ecchymosis = petechiae Death of tissue, usually resulting from loss of blood supply = gangrene commonly called a "Bruise" = Contusion Physical Examination = PE

Squamous Cell Carcinoma = SCC Diabetes mellitus = DM Family history = FH Basal Cell Carcinoma = BCC