Reproductive PHYSIOLOGY

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The reproductive process starts with ___________

Ovulation

Absorption

Fertilization (correct)

Both A and C

Reproductive cells are produced by a process of cell division called

Mitosis

Meiosis (correct)

-

Haploid number of chromosomes in reproductive cells results from a "" of cells called _____

summation, mitosis

summation, meiosis

reductive division, mitosis

reductive division, meiosis (correct)

Spermatozoa are produced in the _____________ of the testis

seminiferous tubules Signup and view all the answers

Sperm cells mature and are stored in the ____________

Epididymis Signup and view all the answers

The primary spermatocyte cell has the normal diploid chromosome number for the species. The chromosome complement of the cell is abbreviated as ________

2n, XY Signup and view all the answers

The primary spermatocyte, divides via into ____

Meiosis, 2 seconday haploid spermatocytes (n, X and n, Y) Signup and view all the answers

The two secondary spermatocytes divide via _ (so that the chromosome number does not get reduced further) into __

mitosis, 4 spermatids (2 n,X and 2 n,Y) Signup and view all the answers

Spermatids are attached to "nurse" cells called ___________

Sertoli cells Signup and view all the answers

Sertoli cells ________________

Both A and C Signup and view all the answers

Male sex hormones are called and are produced in the testis by , and primarily produce _____

Androgens, interstitial cells, testosterone Signup and view all the answers

Testosterone is responsible for

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Female sex cells are called

Ova Signup and view all the answers

Much like sperm cells, ova are produced continually

False Signup and view all the answers

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain in an immature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

True Signup and view all the answers

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain at a mature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

False Signup and view all the answers

The chromosome complement of the oocyte is abbreviated as 2n, XX. When it becomes activated the primary oocyte divides via into a ___

Meiosis, secondary oocyte and a small polar body (n, X) Signup and view all the answers

The secondary oocyte and small polar body divide by ______ into

mitosis, ovum and 3 polar bodies Signup and view all the answers

Ovaries produce ___________-

2 types of hormones, estrogens and progestins Signup and view all the answers

Produced by the cells of the developing ovarian follicle

Estrogens Signup and view all the answers

Produced by the corpus luteum that develops from the empty follicle after ovulation

Progestins Signup and view all the answers

Responsible for the physical and behavioral changes that prepare the animal for breeding

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Help prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum

Progestins Signup and view all the answers

Required for maintenance of pregnancy

Progestins Signup and view all the answers

Development of an ovum within a follicle

oogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Release of the ovum from the follicle

ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Third stage of the ovarian cycle is

Formation of the corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

Degeneration of the unripened follicles

Atresia Signup and view all the answers

Follicular development; FSH and LH

Proestrus Signup and view all the answers

Oocyte that is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells

Primordial follicle Signup and view all the answers

FSH released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates a few of the _____ to

primordial follicles, develop Signup and view all the answers

Something causes just a few of the thousands of primordial follicles to begin developing. This is known as ______________-

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Once a primordial cell is activated it is referred to as _______

Growing follicle Signup and view all the answers

Once the oocyte starts to grow the follicular cells enlarge and become and multiply into ____

cuboidal, multiple layers around the developing oocyte Signup and view all the answers

After the follicular cells become cuboidal and multiply into multiple layers around the developing oocyte, the follicular cells are now called ____________

Granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

As the granulosa cells multiply they begin to _ and produce to prepare the animal for and _

Enlarge, estrogen, breeding and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

As follicles enlarge, and ________ form between the _, then they merge forming a large fluid-filled space called the ________

Fluid-filled spaces, granulosa cells, antrum Signup and view all the answers

A mound of granulosa cells is called the ___________

Cumulus oophorus Signup and view all the answers

Thin layer of granulosa cells is called

Corona radiata Signup and view all the answers

Once the follicle has reached maximum size it looks like a large blisterlike structure on the surface of the ovary, at this stage it is called the mature follicle, also known as ___________

both A and C Signup and view all the answers

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _______ around the oocyte upon a (cumulus oophorus) surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells

antrum, mound of granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _______ around the oocyte upon a mound of granulosa cells surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells (_)

antrum, corona radiata Signup and view all the answers

The animal is ready for breeding when

Estrogen production is at maximum level Signup and view all the answers

Estrous cycle refers to =

The time from the beginning of one heat period to the beginning of the next Signup and view all the answers

Sexual receptivity; peak estrogen level; high LH and ovulation

Estrus Signup and view all the answers

Development of CL (due to LH); progesterone inhibits follicular developent in ovary and prepares uterus for implantation

Metestrus Signup and view all the answers

Active luteal stage (mature CL)

Diestrus Signup and view all the answers

Temporary shut down of ovarian activity between breeding cycles

Anestrus Signup and view all the answers

Release of enzymes in sperm cell acrosome that help the spermatozoa penetrate into ovum

Capacitation Signup and view all the answers

Empty follicles filled with blood are called

Corpus hemorrhagicum Signup and view all the answers

With continued stimulation by high LH level, the granulosa cells lining the CH multiply and form a solid structure called the

Corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

Yellow body

Corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

Required for maintenance of gestation if fertilization and implantation has occurred

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Period of time from fertilization to parturition

Gestation Signup and view all the answers

Waste from the fetal urinary bladder drains into the allantoic sac via the

Urachus Signup and view all the answers

The allantoic sac is covered by the _ which attaches to the uterine lining and links to the fetus via _______

Chorion, the umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

umbilical arteries carry _ waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

Paired, unoxygenated Signup and view all the answers

_ umbilical vein carries nutrient and ________ blood from the placenta to the fetus

Single, oxygen-rich Signup and view all the answers

Cleavage- rapid division of zygote, propelled towards uterus as it divides is the

Morula stage Signup and view all the answers

Solid mass of cells after a few days =

Blastocyst Signup and view all the answers

The cotyledonary placental attachment is the most complicated. Each of the many separate attachment sites is called a ___________. Each of them consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the _ that joins with a mushroom-like ___

Placentome, cotyledon, caruncle Signup and view all the answers

Before milk production, mammary glands produce a pre-milk substance called _______

Colostrum Signup and view all the answers

Colostrum contains larger amounts of __________ than milk

Protein, lipids, amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Colostrum supplies nutrients to the newborn and has laxative effect to clear __________- from intestinal tract

Meconium Signup and view all the answers

Colustum provides passive immunity through antibodies. the fetus must consume it _________ after birth, or the intestine will not absorb the large protein molecules

a few hours Signup and view all the answers

Milk secreting unit of the mammary gland

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Placental attachment that detaches easily

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Forms fluid filled sac around the fetus

Amnion Signup and view all the answers

Forms sac around the amnionic sac

Allantois Signup and view all the answers

The link between the fetus and the nutrient and waste exchange structures of the placenta

Umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

The placenta begins to develop as soon as the blastocyst implants in the uterus

True Signup and view all the answers

Blastocysts attaches to the endometrium, this represents

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

Transport of spermatozoa to fertilization site occurs via

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

The zygote is the

Fertilized ovum Signup and view all the answers

Single umbilical vein carries nutrient and oxygen rich blood from the _ to the _

Placenta to the fetus Signup and view all the answers

Reproductive PHYSIOLOGY

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Questions and Answers

The reproductive process starts with ___________

Reproductive cells are produced by a process of cell division called

Haploid number of chromosomes in reproductive cells results from a "______" of cells called ___________

Spermatozoa are produced in the _____________ of the testis

Sperm cells mature and are stored in the ____________

The primary spermatocyte cell has the normal diploid chromosome number for the species. The chromosome complement of the cell is abbreviated as ________

The primary spermatocyte, divides via ________ into ____________

The two secondary spermatocytes divide via ___________ (so that the chromosome number does not get reduced further) into ____________

Spermatids are attached to "nurse" cells called ___________

Sertoli cells ________________

Male sex hormones are called ____ and are produced in the testis by ______, and primarily produce _______

Testosterone is responsible for

Female sex cells are called

Much like sperm cells, ova are produced continually

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain in an immature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain at a mature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

The chromosome complement of the oocyte is abbreviated as 2n, XX. When it becomes activated the primary oocyte divides via __________ into a _____________

The secondary oocyte and small polar body divide by ____________ into ______

Ovaries produce ___________-

Produced by the cells of the developing ovarian follicle

Produced by the corpus luteum that develops from the empty follicle after ovulation

Responsible for the physical and behavioral changes that prepare the animal for breeding

Help prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum

Required for maintenance of pregnancy

Development of an ovum within a follicle

Release of the ovum from the follicle

Third stage of the ovarian cycle is

Degeneration of the unripened follicles

Follicular development; FSH and LH

Oocyte that is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells

FSH released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates a few of the _________________ to ____________

Something causes just a few of the thousands of primordial follicles to begin developing. This is known as ______________-

Once a primordial cell is activated it is referred to as _______

Once the oocyte starts to grow the follicular cells enlarge and become __________ and multiply into ______________

After the follicular cells become cuboidal and multiply into multiple layers around the developing oocyte, the follicular cells are now called ____________

As the granulosa cells multiply they begin to _______________ and produce __________________ to prepare the animal for ____________ and _____________

As follicles enlarge, and ______________ form between the ___________, then they merge forming a large fluid-filled space called the ____________

A mound of granulosa cells is called the ___________

Thin layer of granulosa cells is called

Once the follicle has reached maximum size it looks like a large blisterlike structure on the surface of the ovary, at this stage it is called the mature follicle, also known as ___________

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _____________ around the oocyte upon a ______ (cumulus oophorus) surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _____________ around the oocyte upon a mound of granulosa cells surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells (_______)

The animal is ready for breeding when

Estrous cycle refers to =

Sexual receptivity; peak estrogen level; high LH and ovulation

Development of CL (due to LH); progesterone inhibits follicular developent in ovary and prepares uterus for implantation

Active luteal stage (mature CL)

Temporary shut down of ovarian activity between breeding cycles

Release of enzymes in sperm cell acrosome that help the spermatozoa penetrate into ovum

Empty follicles filled with blood are called

With continued stimulation by high LH level, the granulosa cells lining the CH multiply and form a solid structure called the

Yellow body

Required for maintenance of gestation if fertilization and implantation has occurred

Period of time from fertilization to parturition

Waste from the fetal urinary bladder drains into the allantoic sac via the

The allantoic sac is covered by the _____ which attaches to the uterine lining and links to the fetus via ___________

______ umbilical arteries carry _______ waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

_____ umbilical vein carries nutrient and ____________ blood from the placenta to the fetus

Cleavage- rapid division of zygote, propelled towards uterus as it divides is the

Solid mass of cells after a few days =

The cotyledonary placental attachment is the most complicated. Each of the many separate attachment sites is called a _____________. Each of them consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the _____ that joins with a mushroom-like _____

Before milk production, mammary glands produce a pre-milk substance called _______

Colostrum contains larger amounts of __________ than milk

Colostrum supplies nutrients to the newborn and has laxative effect to clear __________- from intestinal tract

Colustum provides passive immunity through antibodies. the fetus must consume it _________ after birth, or the intestine will not absorb the large protein molecules

Milk secreting unit of the mammary gland

Placental attachment that detaches easily

Forms fluid filled sac around the fetus

Forms sac around the amnionic sac

The link between the fetus and the nutrient and waste exchange structures of the placenta

The placenta begins to develop as soon as the blastocyst implants in the uterus

Blastocysts attaches to the endometrium, this represents

Transport of spermatozoa to fertilization site occurs via

The zygote is the

Single umbilical vein carries nutrient and oxygen rich blood from the _____ to the _____

More Like This

Haploid number of chromosomes in reproductive cells results from a "" of cells called _____

The primary spermatocyte, divides via into ____

The two secondary spermatocytes divide via _ (so that the chromosome number does not get reduced further) into __

Male sex hormones are called and are produced in the testis by , and primarily produce _____

The chromosome complement of the oocyte is abbreviated as 2n, XX. When it becomes activated the primary oocyte divides via into a ___

The secondary oocyte and small polar body divide by ______ into

FSH released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates a few of the _____ to

Once the oocyte starts to grow the follicular cells enlarge and become and multiply into ____

As the granulosa cells multiply they begin to _ and produce to prepare the animal for and _

As follicles enlarge, and ________ form between the _, then they merge forming a large fluid-filled space called the ________

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _______ around the oocyte upon a (cumulus oophorus) surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _______ around the oocyte upon a mound of granulosa cells surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells (_)

The allantoic sac is covered by the _ which attaches to the uterine lining and links to the fetus via _______

umbilical arteries carry _ waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

_ umbilical vein carries nutrient and ________ blood from the placenta to the fetus

The cotyledonary placental attachment is the most complicated. Each of the many separate attachment sites is called a ___________. Each of them consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the _ that joins with a mushroom-like ___

Single umbilical vein carries nutrient and oxygen rich blood from the _ to the _