Reproductive PHYSIOLOGY

The reproductive process starts with ___________

Reproductive cells are produced by a process of cell division called

Haploid number of chromosomes in reproductive cells results from a "______" of cells called ___________

Spermatozoa are produced in the _____________ of the testis

Sperm cells mature and are stored in the ____________

The primary spermatocyte cell has the normal diploid chromosome number for the species. The chromosome complement of the cell is abbreviated as ________

The primary spermatocyte, divides via ________ into ____________

The two secondary spermatocytes divide via ___________ (so that the chromosome number does not get reduced further) into ____________

Spermatids are attached to "nurse" cells called ___________

Sertoli cells ________________

Male sex hormones are called ____ and are produced in the testis by ______, and primarily produce _______

Testosterone is responsible for

Female sex cells are called

Much like sperm cells, ova are produced continually

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain in an immature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

There is a fixed number of primary oocytes (2n, XX) formed in the ovaries at birth that remain at a mature state until "recruited" as part of the ovarian cycle

The chromosome complement of the oocyte is abbreviated as 2n, XX. When it becomes activated the primary oocyte divides via __________ into a _____________

The secondary oocyte and small polar body divide by ____________ into ______

Ovaries produce ___________-

Produced by the cells of the developing ovarian follicle

Produced by the corpus luteum that develops from the empty follicle after ovulation

Responsible for the physical and behavioral changes that prepare the animal for breeding

Help prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum

Required for maintenance of pregnancy

Development of an ovum within a follicle

Release of the ovum from the follicle

Third stage of the ovarian cycle is

Degeneration of the unripened follicles

Follicular development; FSH and LH

Oocyte that is surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells

FSH released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates a few of the _________________ to ____________

Something causes just a few of the thousands of primordial follicles to begin developing. This is known as ______________-

Once a primordial cell is activated it is referred to as _______

Once the oocyte starts to grow the follicular cells enlarge and become __________ and multiply into ______________

After the follicular cells become cuboidal and multiply into multiple layers around the developing oocyte, the follicular cells are now called ____________

As the granulosa cells multiply they begin to _______________ and produce __________________ to prepare the animal for ____________ and _____________

As follicles enlarge, and ______________ form between the ___________, then they merge forming a large fluid-filled space called the ____________

A mound of granulosa cells is called the ___________

Thin layer of granulosa cells is called

Once the follicle has reached maximum size it looks like a large blisterlike structure on the surface of the ovary, at this stage it is called the mature follicle, also known as ___________

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _____________ around the oocyte upon a ______ (cumulus oophorus) surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells

When the follicle reaches maximum size, it consists mostly of the _____________ around the oocyte upon a mound of granulosa cells surrounded by a thin layer of granulosa cells (_______)

The animal is ready for breeding when

Estrous cycle refers to =

Sexual receptivity; peak estrogen level; high LH and ovulation

Development of CL (due to LH); progesterone inhibits follicular developent in ovary and prepares uterus for implantation

Active luteal stage (mature CL)

Temporary shut down of ovarian activity between breeding cycles

Release of enzymes in sperm cell acrosome that help the spermatozoa penetrate into ovum

Empty follicles filled with blood are called

With continued stimulation by high LH level, the granulosa cells lining the CH multiply and form a solid structure called the

Yellow body

Required for maintenance of gestation if fertilization and implantation has occurred

Period of time from fertilization to parturition

Waste from the fetal urinary bladder drains into the allantoic sac via the

The allantoic sac is covered by the _____ which attaches to the uterine lining and links to the fetus via ___________

______ umbilical arteries carry _______ waste filled blood from the fetus to the placenta

_____ umbilical vein carries nutrient and ____________ blood from the placenta to the fetus

Cleavage- rapid division of zygote, propelled towards uterus as it divides is the

Solid mass of cells after a few days =

The cotyledonary placental attachment is the most complicated. Each of the many separate attachment sites is called a _____________. Each of them consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the _____ that joins with a mushroom-like _____

Before milk production, mammary glands produce a pre-milk substance called _______

Colostrum contains larger amounts of __________ than milk

Colostrum supplies nutrients to the newborn and has laxative effect to clear __________- from intestinal tract

Colustum provides passive immunity through antibodies. the fetus must consume it _________ after birth, or the intestine will not absorb the large protein molecules

Milk secreting unit of the mammary gland

Placental attachment that detaches easily

Forms fluid filled sac around the fetus

Forms sac around the amnionic sac

The link between the fetus and the nutrient and waste exchange structures of the placenta

The placenta begins to develop as soon as the blastocyst implants in the uterus

Blastocysts attaches to the endometrium, this represents

Transport of spermatozoa to fertilization site occurs via

The zygote is the

Single umbilical vein carries nutrient and oxygen rich blood from the _____ to the _____