ID

A patient presents with gingivostomatitis, characterized by vesicular lesions on the gums and lips. Which virus is most likely responsible for these findings?

A patient with suspected viral encephalitis undergoes a lumbar puncture. Which of the following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings is most indicative of HSV encephalitis?

Which of the following mechanisms of action (MOA) describes how acyclovir is effective in treating HSV encephalitis?

A patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (mono) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Which cellular receptor does EBV primarily target for attachment and entry into host cells?

A patient presents with symptoms suggestive of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. A Monospot test is performed. What immunological principle underlies the Monospot test's ability to detect EBV infection?

A patient presents with unilateral vesicles on a specific dermatome that does not cross the midline. Which of the following viruses is most likely responsible for this presentation?

A child presents with several days of high fever followed by a macular eruption. Which of the following viruses is the most likely cause?

An immunocompromised patient, positive for HIV, presents with violaceous, raised cutaneous plaques. Which of the following viruses is most likely associated with this patient's condition?

A child presents with a 'slapped-cheek' appearance and a lace-like reticular rash on the trunk. Which virus is the most likely cause of this presentation?

A patient with sickle cell disease experiences a sudden drop in red blood cells (RBCs), indicating an aplastic crisis. Which virus is most commonly associated with causing aplastic crisis in these patients?

A child presents with profuse, watery diarrhea. Which of the following viruses is the most likely causative agent?

A child presents with a rash that initially appeared on the face and then spread to the trunk, arms, and legs, sparing the palms and soles. Which vitamin is known to reduce the morbidity associated with this infection?

An unvaccinated child develops ataxia, myoclonus, vision defects, and changes in behavior years after a measles infection. Which complication of measles is most likely?

A newborn presents with oral thrush, interstitial pneumonia, and severe lymphopenia. The infant's mother is HIV-positive and used intravenous drugs during pregnancy. What is the most likely route of transmission of HIV to the infant?

A patient with HIV develops Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. At what CD4+ T-cell count is this opportunistic infection most likely to occur?

A patient with AIDS presents with memory loss, imbalance, clumsiness, and difficulty finding words. A biopsy reveals microglial nodules with multinucleated giant cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with oral ulcers and a rash on the palms and soles. Which of the following viruses is the most likely causative agent?

A patient presents with fever, polyarthritis, lymphopenia, and a history of recent travel to Puerto Rico. Which of the following viruses is the most likely cause?

A patient who recently underwent a solid organ transplant presents with pneumonitis. Histological examination of a transbronchial biopsy reveals cells with inclusions. Which virus is most likely the cause?

Which of the following mechanisms of action describes how amphotericin B works to treat fungal infections?

A 30-year-old patient presents with intense pruritus in the genital area and admits to multiple sexual partners. Upon examination, small insects are noted attached to the pubic hair. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?

A patient from Central America presents with new-onset seizures. Brain imaging reveals multiple ring-enhancing lesions with calcifications. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

A patient diagnosed with malaria is prescribed chloroquine. What is the mechanism of action of chloroquine in treating malaria?

A patient with malaria is prescribed primaquine. What is the purpose of using primaquine in the context of malaria treatment?

A patient with malaria is treated with chloroquine but remains symptomatic. Further testing reveals the presence of Plasmodium vivax. Why might chloroquine not have been effective in this case?

A blood smear from a patient with malaria shows that red blood cells of all ages are infected. This finding is most characteristic of which Plasmodium species?

A patient develops neutropenia following chemotherapy treatment. What is the most common cause of neutropenia in this context?

A patient in the hospital develops a bloodstream infection after insertion of an intravascular catheter. Which of the following organisms is most commonly associated with this type of infection?

A patient presents with a painful genital ulcer. Gram stain is negative for typical organisms. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

A patient presents with genital warts and is diagnosed with condyloma acuminatum. Which of the following best describes these lesions?

A researcher is studying the mechanism of action of maraviroc. Which of the following cellular processes is directly inhibited by this drug?

A patient with a confirmed HIV diagnosis develops resistance to protease inhibitors. Which is the most likely underlying mechanism contributing to this resistance?

West Nile Virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Prior to infecting humans, where does the virus typically replicate?

A patient presents with fever, paralysis, and a history of recent contact with bats. Which of the following viruses should be most suspected?

Which of the following is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

A neonate is diagnosed with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) following the presentation of jaundice, hepatomegaly, and intracranial calcifications. Which type of infection is most commonly associated with this presentation?

What is the mechanism of action of azole antifungals?

A lung biopsy from a patient with suspected fungal infection demonstrates large, round yeasts with doubly refractile walls and single broad-based buds.. Which fungal infection is most likely?

A patient who is being treated with amphotericin B for mucormycosis begins to experience muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Which of the side effects listed below would be most likely responsible for these manifestations?

A gardener develops a lesion on their hand after being pricked by a rose thorn. Over the next few weeks, more papules develop, moving proximally up their arm. Which is a likely causative agent?