Human Physiology Week 9 - Respiratory (Notes)

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What happens during Phase two of the Valsalva maneuver when it reaches a certain point?

It enhances respiratory efficiency.

It begins to cause negative physiological effects. (correct)

It promotes prolonged hyperventilation.

It has no impact on cardiac output.

What type of control is the diaphragm under?

Involuntary control only.

Somatic autonomic nervous system control. (correct)

Voluntary control only.

Complete autonomic nervous system control.

During active expiration, which mechanism is primarily utilized to increase gas exchange efficiency?

Additional muscles to push air out. (correct)

Increased oxygen uptake.

Quickened breath rate.

Relaxation of the diaphragm.

What occurs to the phrenic nerve's function if it is damaged?

It compromises diaphragm effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of hyperventilating?

It results in wasted energy. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Valsalva maneuver?

Expiring against a closed glottis. Signup and view all the answers

When the Valsalva maneuver is performed, what is the effect on venous return?

It causes a huge venous return. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about coughing?

It can be a reflexive action. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to cardiac output while performing the Valsalva maneuver?

It rapidly increases. Signup and view all the answers

How does inhalation differ from exhalation in terms of energy usage?

Inhalation is always an active process. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during normal breathing at rest?

To actively contract and increase thoracic cavity volume Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the Valsalva maneuver have during its first phase?

Initiates sympathetic nervous system activation Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily involved in active expiration?

External obliques and internal intercostals Signup and view all the answers

What role do baroreceptors play during the Valsalva maneuver?

Detect changes in blood pressure and adjust sympathetic activation Signup and view all the answers

How does the nervous system control the depth of breathing?

Through feedback from mechanoreceptors in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for patients with cardiovascular conditions that engage in the Valsalva maneuver?

Risk of causing ischemia due to decreased myocardial oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What component of the cough reflex is responsible for the deep inspiration?

Afferent input from the glottis Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of injuries to inspiratory or expiratory muscles?

Impaired ability to create necessary abdominal pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the Valsalva maneuver follows the initial increase in thoracic pressure?

Phase Two: Decrease in venous return Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of recruiting additional muscles during high-intensity exercise ventilation?

To facilitate deeper and faster breaths Signup and view all the answers