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Questions and Answers

What primary role does the parietal lobe serve in the central nervous system?

Regulates emotional responses

Controls cognitive functions like decision making

Receives inputs from the skin and muscles (correct)

Processes visual information

Which structure is included as a part of the cerebrum?

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex (correct)

Which function is primarily associated with the frontal lobe of the brain?

Managing visual perceptions

Processing auditory sensations

Coordinating muscle movements

Evaluating language and memory (correct)

What does the action potential mechanism primarily involve?

Changes in ion permeability across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

They facilitate communication between neurons through synaptic transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What specific function does the cerebellum perform within the central nervous system?

Coordination of voluntary actions without awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the temporal lobe?

Processing auditory and olfactory sensations Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are primarily associated with the limbic system?

Hippocampus and amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of the human nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What role do afferent neurons play in the nervous system?

They transmit sensory information to the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To maintain homeostasis and routine operations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system's function?

It prepares the body for action during stressful situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of efferent neurons?

To carry signals from the CNS to the muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Controlling involuntary bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which two components make up the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a neurotransmitter?

To relay signal impulses across synapses Signup and view all the answers

What defines the relative refractory period in neuronal activity?

When a neuron can only fire with strong stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the parietal lobe is most accurately described?

Regulating bodily sensations and integrating senses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

Handling complex cognitive tasks and decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

The interior has a higher concentration of negatively charged ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the peripheral nervous system responsible for?

Controlling somatic and autonomic behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the insulation of a neuron's axon?

The myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is primarily involved in vision?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What type of nervous system behavior is primarily under the control of the autonomic nervous system?

Breathing and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

The two major parts of the human nervous system are the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS).
The human nervous system controls all human behaviors.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls voluntary somatic and involuntary autonomic behaviors through cranial and spinal nerves.
The two divisions of the PNS are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
Efferent neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles.
Afferent neurons carry sensory information to the CNS.
The divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stress responses (fight-or-flight).
The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to normal functioning and homeostasis.
The CNS includes the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord.
The CNS processes information and regulates function from organs to body movement.
The brain is the headquarters of the nervous system, responsible for sensation, perception, thoughts, awareness, emotions, and planning.
The limbic system includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex.
The cerebellum coordinates actions unconsciously.
The cerebrum contains the cerebral cortex, considered the most advanced portion of the brain.
The frontal lobe controls cognitive functions like language, memory, decision-making, and problem-solving.
The parietal lobe receives input from skin and muscles.
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex, responsible for vision.
The temporal lobe processes auditory and olfactory information.
An action potential is an "all-or-nothing" event, where a neuron's charge changes.

Action Potentials

An action potential requires a neuron to reach a threshold of excitation.
Neurons can have excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory (IPSP) potentials.
EPSPs depolarize the membrane, making it more positive and likely to fire an action potential.
IPSPs hyperpolarize the membrane, moving it further from the threshold and reducing the likelihood of firing.
When EPSPs and IPSPs occur at the same time, they may cancel each other out.
Two EPSPs sum together to create a larger depolarization.
Two IPSPs together result in a larger hyperpolarization.
The refractory period is the time a neuron cannot fire a repeated action potential, comprised of the absolute and relative refractory periods.
During ARP, a neuron is unable to send a new impulse regardless of stimulus intensity, because sodium channels are inactive.
The RRP occurs when a neuron can respond to a stimulus, but it needs a stronger one than usual.
Neurotransmitters are released when action potentials reach the axon's terminal buttons.
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
When neurotransmitters bind to receptors on receiving neurons, their effect might be excitatory (making the neuron more likely to fire) or inhibitory(making the neuron less likely to fire).
Action potentials move down axons via jumps from node to node, by each new segment becoming positive.
The all-or-nothing principle means firing an action potential more strongly is not possible, although the neuron can fire faster.