92W Module A Flashcards

Hydrologic Cycle

• Represents the natural circulation of water in various forms on, in, or above the Earth's surface.

Evaporation

• Process where water vapor enters the atmosphere from surface bodies of water.

Transpiration

• Release of moisture into the air by plants through their leaves, similar to sweating.

Precipitation

• Water returns to the Earth in forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

Infiltration

• Process whereby water penetrates the soil and ground layers.

Runoff

• Water from precipitation that moves over the land and replenishes lakes, rivers, and streams.

Classifications of Water Sources

• Surface Water: Includes rivers, streams, and lakes.
• Ground Water: Found in wells and springs.
• Sea Water: Includes the saline bodies of water.
• Precipitation: Encompasses rain, snow, and ice.

Contact Time (CT)

• Refers to the duration chlorine is in contact with water for effective disinfection.

Turbidity

• Indicates water clarity, where higher turbidity reflects muddy or unclear conditions.

Dissolved Solids

• Refers to invisible gases and other substances dissolved in water, essential for water quality assessment.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

• Represents the total amount of dissolved solids in water, quantified in parts per million (ppm).

Characteristics of Water

• Key indicators include turbidity, color, odor/taste, and temperature.

Color

• The color of water is attributed to various colored substances present in it.

Odor/Taste

• There is no established standard for odor and taste in water quality.

Temperature

• Water temperature affects perception; warm water can taste flat, while cooler water is often more palatable.

Chemical Properties

• Key chemical properties include acidity/alkalinity, hardness, corrosiveness, and TDS.

Acidity/Alkalinity

• Measured by pH levels; indicates the balance of acids and bases in water.

Hardness

• Caused by the presence of salts such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and various anions.

Corrosiveness

• Refers to water's tendency to dissolve metals and other substances due to dissolved gases.

Contamination of Water

• Can arise from organic/microbial sources, industrial waste, or chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) contamination.

Field Water Purification

• Aims to ensure water is safe for human consumption through several purification processes.

Multimedia/Ultra/Micro Filters

• Filters designed to remove large and small solids using polymer chemicals.

Cartridge Filter

• Utilizes a filtration system to eliminate suspended solids after multimedia filtration.

Reverse Osmosis

• Separation technique that effectively removes dissolved and suspended solids from water.

Disinfection

• Involves adding chlorine to destroy harmful bacteria remaining in water.

Basic Components in Field Water Purification

• Consists of strainer, filter elements, reverse osmosis components, and disinfection methods.

TB MED 577

• Represents a critical reference for water purity standards and guidelines.

68S

• Focuses on Preventive Medicine while conducting health inspections to approve water sources.

Types of Water

• Classified into contaminated, polluted, palatable, and potable categories.

PPM

• An abbreviation for Parts Per Million, a common measurement in water quality analysis.

Contaminated Water

• Water that contains harmful organisms or substances that pose health risks.

Polluted Water

• Water laden with hazardous substances such as waste or industrial pollutants.

Palatable Water

• Clean in appearance but may not be safe for consumption; lacks undesirable elements like color, turbidity, and odor.

Potable Water

• Safe for human consumption; devoid of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, and toxins.

Categories of Water Sources

• Differentiated into fresh water, brackish water, and saline water based on salinity levels.

Fresh Water

• Contains less than 1500 ppm of Total Dissolved Solids.

Brackish Water

• Salinity ranges from 1500 ppm to 15000 ppm TDS.

Saline Water

• Exceeds 15000 ppm of TDS, commonly found in oceans and seas.

Operational Environment (OE)

• Encompasses factors affecting operations such as political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time.

JIIM

• Stands for Joint/Joint Task Force, Interagency, Intergovernmental, Multinational collaboration.

Environmental Stewardship

• Focuses on compliance, restoration, prevention, and conservation initiatives.

Types of Water Sources

• Divided into flowing sources like rivers and streams, and impounded sources like lakes and ponds.

Individual Student Assessment Plan (ISAP)

• Tailored assessment strategy for individual student learning needs.

Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS)

• Regular maintenance checks to ensure equipment functions effectively.

Warning

• Alerts users about hazardous situations that may lead to severe injury or death.

Caution

• Alerts users to potential equipment damage or mission compromise due to non-compliance.

Water Reconnaissance

• A specialized survey to collect data on water sources and storage/distribution options.

Phase Planning

• Involves preliminary planning, reconnaissance, and reporting phases to streamline operations.

Surface Water

• Comprises bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, streams, and oceans.

Ground Water

• Refers to water sourced from wells and natural springs.

Personnel and Equipment

• Essential support roles include water treatment specialists and medical evaluations.

pH

• Represents the potential hydrogen concentration, indicating the acidity or alkalinity of water.

The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS)

• A comprehensive approach for managing army maintenance activities.

Field Level Maintenance

• Basic operator or crew-level maintenance focused on immediate equipment upkeep.

Sustainment Level Maintenance

• Involves repairing components and systems at a more extensive repair level.

Fault

• Describes defects in equipment that do not entirely hinder operation.

Phases

• Encompasses preliminary, report, and reconnaissance stages of planning and assessment.