92W Module A Flashcards
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What is the Hydrologic Cycle?

  • The process of water evaporating from plants
  • Natural circulation of raw water on or above the Earth's surface (correct)
  • The conversion of water into ice
  • Water flowing through rivers and streams

    • What is evaporation?

    Water is placed in the air by evaporation from bodies of water.

    What is transpiration?

    Moisture placed in the air by the plants as they sweat.

    What is precipitation?

    <p>Occurs in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is infiltration?

    <p>Water enters the ground and underlying rock formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is runoff?

    <p>Precipitation that flows over the Earth back into lakes, streams, and rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classifications of water sources?

    <p>Surface (rivers, streams, lakes), Ground (wells, springs), Sea Water, Rain, snow, ice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Contact Time (CT)?

    <p>The length of time chlorine takes for disinfection to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Turbidity refers to ______.

    <p>particles you can see; muddy or unclear conditions of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dissolved solids?

    <p>Gases (things you cannot see).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TDS stand for?

    <p>Total Dissolved Solids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are characteristics of water?

    <p>Odor/Taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of temperature on water taste?

    <p>Warm water tastes flat; cooling water is more palatable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chemical properties of water?

    <p>Acidity/Alkalinity, Hardness, Corrosiveness, TDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acidity/alkalinity measured by?

    <p>Ultrameter measures the pH which shows the acidity/alkalinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hardness in water?

    <p>Salts of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, sodium, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does corrosiveness in water refer to?

    <p>Water containing dissolved gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of contamination of water?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of field water purification?

    <p>To make water safe for human consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of multimedia/ultra/micro filters?

    <p>Filter removes large solids passed through the input strainer as well as smaller solids acted upon by polymer chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cartridge filter do?

    <p>Takes out suspended solids that pass through multimedia filter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reverse osmosis?

    <p>Process which separates suspended and dissolved solids from filtered water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disinfection in water treatment?

    <p>Chlorine is added to destroy remaining bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are basic components in field water purification?

    <p>Filter Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TB MED 577 refer to?

    <p>Our Bible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 68S relate to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of water?

    <p>Contaminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PPM stand for?

    <p>Parts Per Minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contaminated water mean?

    <p>Contains disease-producing organisms, poisonous substances or CBRN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polluted water contain?

    <p>Contains substances such as garbage, sewage, industrial waste or mud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines palatable water?

    <p>Significantly free from color, turbidity, taste, and odor; cool and aerated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines potable water?

    <p>Free from disease-producing organisms, CBRN agents, and poisonous substances safe to drink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the categories of water sources?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines fresh water?

    <p>Less than 1500 ppm TDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is brackish water?

    <p>Range from 1500 ppm to 15000 ppm TDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines saline water?

    <p>Over 15000 ppm TDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OE stand for?

    <p>Operational Environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are variables in the OE?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does JIIM stand for?

    <p>Joint/Joint Task Force, Interagency, Intergovernmental, Multinational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is environmental stewardship?

    <p>Compliance, restoration, prevention, conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of water sources?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ISAP stand for?

    <p>Individual Student Assessment Plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PMCS stand for?

    <p>Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a warning in maintenance?

    <p>Alert the user to hazardous operating and maintenance procedures that may result in injury or death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does caution refer to in maintenance?

    <p>Damage to or destruction of equipment or mission effectiveness if not strictly observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is water reconnaissance?

    <p>A special type of survey designed to gather information about water sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the phases of planning?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does surface water include?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does groundwater refer to?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the personnel involved in water treatment?

    <p>Water Treatment Specialist, Surgeon General Rep., Corp of Engineers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pH stand for?

    <p>Potential Hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TAMMS stand for?

    <p>The Army Maintenance Management System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is field level maintenance?

    <p>Operator/Crew and unit maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainment level maintenance focus on?

    <p>Repairing components, assemblies, modules, and end items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fault is a ______ in a piece of equipment that doesn't prevent operation.

    <p>defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the phases of planning?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrologic Cycle

    • Represents the natural circulation of water in various forms on, in, or above the Earth's surface.

    Evaporation

    • Process where water vapor enters the atmosphere from surface bodies of water.

    Transpiration

    • Release of moisture into the air by plants through their leaves, similar to sweating.

    Precipitation

    • Water returns to the Earth in forms such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

    Infiltration

    • Process whereby water penetrates the soil and ground layers.

    Runoff

    • Water from precipitation that moves over the land and replenishes lakes, rivers, and streams.

    Classifications of Water Sources

    • Surface Water: Includes rivers, streams, and lakes.
    • Ground Water: Found in wells and springs.
    • Sea Water: Includes the saline bodies of water.
    • Precipitation: Encompasses rain, snow, and ice.

    Contact Time (CT)

    • Refers to the duration chlorine is in contact with water for effective disinfection.

    Turbidity

    • Indicates water clarity, where higher turbidity reflects muddy or unclear conditions.

    Dissolved Solids

    • Refers to invisible gases and other substances dissolved in water, essential for water quality assessment.

    Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

    • Represents the total amount of dissolved solids in water, quantified in parts per million (ppm).

    Characteristics of Water

    • Key indicators include turbidity, color, odor/taste, and temperature.

    Color

    • The color of water is attributed to various colored substances present in it.

    Odor/Taste

    • There is no established standard for odor and taste in water quality.

    Temperature

    • Water temperature affects perception; warm water can taste flat, while cooler water is often more palatable.

    Chemical Properties

    • Key chemical properties include acidity/alkalinity, hardness, corrosiveness, and TDS.

    Acidity/Alkalinity

    • Measured by pH levels; indicates the balance of acids and bases in water.

    Hardness

    • Caused by the presence of salts such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and various anions.

    Corrosiveness

    • Refers to water's tendency to dissolve metals and other substances due to dissolved gases.

    Contamination of Water

    • Can arise from organic/microbial sources, industrial waste, or chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) contamination.

    Field Water Purification

    • Aims to ensure water is safe for human consumption through several purification processes.

    Multimedia/Ultra/Micro Filters

    • Filters designed to remove large and small solids using polymer chemicals.

    Cartridge Filter

    • Utilizes a filtration system to eliminate suspended solids after multimedia filtration.

    Reverse Osmosis

    • Separation technique that effectively removes dissolved and suspended solids from water.

    Disinfection

    • Involves adding chlorine to destroy harmful bacteria remaining in water.

    Basic Components in Field Water Purification

    • Consists of strainer, filter elements, reverse osmosis components, and disinfection methods.

    TB MED 577

    • Represents a critical reference for water purity standards and guidelines.

    68S

    • Focuses on Preventive Medicine while conducting health inspections to approve water sources.

    Types of Water

    • Classified into contaminated, polluted, palatable, and potable categories.

    PPM

    • An abbreviation for Parts Per Million, a common measurement in water quality analysis.

    Contaminated Water

    • Water that contains harmful organisms or substances that pose health risks.

    Polluted Water

    • Water laden with hazardous substances such as waste or industrial pollutants.

    Palatable Water

    • Clean in appearance but may not be safe for consumption; lacks undesirable elements like color, turbidity, and odor.

    Potable Water

    • Safe for human consumption; devoid of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, and toxins.

    Categories of Water Sources

    • Differentiated into fresh water, brackish water, and saline water based on salinity levels.

    Fresh Water

    • Contains less than 1500 ppm of Total Dissolved Solids.

    Brackish Water

    • Salinity ranges from 1500 ppm to 15000 ppm TDS.

    Saline Water

    • Exceeds 15000 ppm of TDS, commonly found in oceans and seas.

    Operational Environment (OE)

    • Encompasses factors affecting operations such as political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time.

    JIIM

    • Stands for Joint/Joint Task Force, Interagency, Intergovernmental, Multinational collaboration.

    Environmental Stewardship

    • Focuses on compliance, restoration, prevention, and conservation initiatives.

    Types of Water Sources

    • Divided into flowing sources like rivers and streams, and impounded sources like lakes and ponds.

    Individual Student Assessment Plan (ISAP)

    • Tailored assessment strategy for individual student learning needs.

    Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS)

    • Regular maintenance checks to ensure equipment functions effectively.

    Warning

    • Alerts users about hazardous situations that may lead to severe injury or death.

    Caution

    • Alerts users to potential equipment damage or mission compromise due to non-compliance.

    Water Reconnaissance

    • A specialized survey to collect data on water sources and storage/distribution options.

    Phase Planning

    • Involves preliminary planning, reconnaissance, and reporting phases to streamline operations.

    Surface Water

    • Comprises bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, streams, and oceans.

    Ground Water

    • Refers to water sourced from wells and natural springs.

    Personnel and Equipment

    • Essential support roles include water treatment specialists and medical evaluations.

    pH

    • Represents the potential hydrogen concentration, indicating the acidity or alkalinity of water.

    The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS)

    • A comprehensive approach for managing army maintenance activities.

    Field Level Maintenance

    • Basic operator or crew-level maintenance focused on immediate equipment upkeep.

    Sustainment Level Maintenance

    • Involves repairing components and systems at a more extensive repair level.

    Fault

    • Describes defects in equipment that do not entirely hinder operation.

    Phases

    • Encompasses preliminary, report, and reconnaissance stages of planning and assessment.

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    Test your knowledge on the key terms related to the Hydrologic Cycle with these flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts such as evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation. Perfect for students studying the water cycle and related environmental science topics.

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