Hydrologic Cycle Flashcards

Precipitation

• Refers to water falling from clouds, encompassing forms such as hail, snow, sleet, and rain.
• Occurs when clouds become heavy and the atmosphere cannot support the moisture.

Evaporation

• The process where liquid water transforms into vapor due to the sun's heat.
• A vital step in the hydrologic cycle, contributing to atmospheric moisture.

Condensation

• The transformation of gas back into liquid as it cools, resulting in cloud formation.
• Plays a critical role in the water cycle by facilitating precipitation.

Transpiration

• Evaporation of water from plant leaves contributes to the water cycle.
• Plants release purified water vapor, which can enter the atmosphere.

Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

• Describes the continuous movement of water in the hydrosphere.
• Involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and both surface and groundwater runoff and infiltration.

Infiltration (Seepage)

• The process by which water flows from the land surface into the subsurface soil.
• Essential for replenishing groundwater supplies as rainwater soaks into the ground.

Runoff

• Occurs when excess water flows over the surface without being absorbed into soil.
• This surplus water eventually makes its way to rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Root Uptake

• The mechanism through which plant roots absorb water from the soil.
• Critical for plant health and growth, supporting photosynthesis and other biological functions.

Meaning of the Prefix "Hydro"

• "Hydro" translates to "water," indicating its relation to various water processes and systems.

Aquitard

• Consists of impermeable materials that do not allow water storage or movement.
• Prevents the upward flow of water to aquifers and can impede groundwater recharge.

Reservoir

• A storage area, usually a lake, created to hold water for human use.
• Essential for providing drinking water, irrigation, and recreational activities.

Permeable

• Describes materials that facilitate the flow of liquids through them.
• Important for groundwater movement and the effectiveness of aquifers.

Impermeable

• Refers to materials that do not permit the passage of liquids.
• Affects water movement and storage in the hydrological context.

Aquifer

• Comprises permeable materials capable of collecting and storing water.
• Serves as crucial sources of groundwater for various uses.

Infiltration

• Similar to seepage, it indicates the process of water soaking through soil or permeable materials.
• Important for groundwater replenishment and ecological balance.

Contaminant

• Any substance that introduces impurities or pollution into a medium.
• Particularly significant in discussions about water quality and safety.

Atmosphere

• The layer of gases surrounding a planet or moon, composed of various elements.
• Crucial for sustaining life, weather patterns, and the hydrologic cycle.

Sun

• A typical star that provides light and heat essential for supporting life on Earth.
• Drives the processes of evaporation and photosynthesis.

Water Vapor

• The gaseous state of water, essential for cloud formation and precipitation.
• Plays a key role in atmospheric moisture and climate dynamics.

Groundwater

• Water located underground, filling cracks and spaces in soil and rock layers.
• A significant source of fresh water, used for drinking and irrigation.

Uses of Water

• Vital for drinking, cleaning, livestock needs, energy generation, and industrial purposes.
• Highlights the importance of water in daily life and socioeconomic activities.