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Questions and Answers
Where are most plasma proteins synthesized?
Where are most plasma proteins synthesized?
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Which plasma protein is responsible for maintaining the majority of plasma osmotic pressure?
Which plasma protein is responsible for maintaining the majority of plasma osmotic pressure?
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What is the normal range for total plasma protein concentration?
What is the normal range for total plasma protein concentration?
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Which type of globulin is responsible for the transport of iron in the blood?
Which type of globulin is responsible for the transport of iron in the blood?
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Which protein is the major serine protease inhibitor in human plasma?
Which protein is the major serine protease inhibitor in human plasma?
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What is the function of haptoglobin?
What is the function of haptoglobin?
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Which protein is a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Which protein is a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Which of the following is a negative acute-phase protein?
Which of the following is a negative acute-phase protein?
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What is the main function of fibrinogen?
What is the main function of fibrinogen?
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Which condition is associated with decreased levels of ceruloplasmin?
Which condition is associated with decreased levels of ceruloplasmin?
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A patient presents with edema and a total protein level of 4 g/dL. Which plasma protein is most likely to be deficient?
A patient presents with edema and a total protein level of 4 g/dL. Which plasma protein is most likely to be deficient?
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Why does a newborn with elevated bilirubin levels should not be given drugs like aspirin or sulfonamides?
Why does a newborn with elevated bilirubin levels should not be given drugs like aspirin or sulfonamides?
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A patient is diagnosed with emphysema. How might a deficiency in α1-antitrypsin contribute to this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with emphysema. How might a deficiency in α1-antitrypsin contribute to this condition?
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Why is measuring haptoglobin levels useful in diagnosing hemolytic anemia?
Why is measuring haptoglobin levels useful in diagnosing hemolytic anemia?
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What is the significance of the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) in liver disease?
What is the significance of the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) in liver disease?
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Which of the following is an example of a negative acute-phase protein?
Which of the following is an example of a negative acute-phase protein?
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Elevated levels of α1-fetoprotein in a pregnant woman's blood could indicate:
Elevated levels of α1-fetoprotein in a pregnant woman's blood could indicate:
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Ceruloplasmin deficiency can lead to:
Ceruloplasmin deficiency can lead to:
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Which structural feature of albumin contributes most to its role in maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?
Which structural feature of albumin contributes most to its role in maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?
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Why does the level of transferrin increase in iron deficiency anemia?
Why does the level of transferrin increase in iron deficiency anemia?
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What is the main difference between plasma and serum in terms of protein composition?
What is the main difference between plasma and serum in terms of protein composition?
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C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is clinically significant because:
C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is clinically significant because:
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The primary function of immunoglobulins is to:
The primary function of immunoglobulins is to:
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoproteinemia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoproteinemia?
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The high negative charge at the amino-terminal end of fibrinogen:
The high negative charge at the amino-terminal end of fibrinogen:
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Study Notes
Plasma Protein Synthesis and Function
- Most plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver.
- Albumin is the primary protein responsible for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure.
- Normal total plasma protein concentration ranges from 6 to 8 g/dL.
- β-globulins are involved in iron transport within the blood.
- α1-antitrypsin acts as the major serine protease inhibitor in human plasma.
Specific Protein Functions
- Haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin, crucial in hemolysis.
- α1-fetoprotein serves as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Albumin is categorized as a negative acute-phase protein; its levels decrease during inflammation.
- Fibrinogen is essential for blood clot formation.
Conditions Associated with Plasma Proteins
- Ceruloplasmin deficiency is linked to Menkes disease.
- Edema with a total protein level of 4 g/dL usually indicates albumin deficiency.
- Elevated bilirubin in newborns requires caution with aspirin and sulfonamides due to competition with albumin.
- α1-antitrypsin deficiency can lead to unchecked elastase activity, contributing to emphysema.
Clinical Insights and Ratios
- Haptoglobin levels decrease in hemolytic anemia, aiding diagnosis.
- The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio is significant in liver function, where a decreased ratio indicates impairment.
- Transferrin levels rise in iron deficiency anemia to boost iron transport and capture.
Distinctions and Measurements
- Plasma contains fibrinogen, while serum does not; this distinction is crucial for various clinical assessments.
- C-reactive protein (CRP) indicates inflammation presence and severity.
- Immunoglobulins are key to immune defense against antigens.
Causes and Proteins
- Hypoproteinemia can result from liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and burns, but not from high protein diets.
- The high negative charge at the amino-terminal end of fibrinogen prevents aggregation, maintaining its solubility.
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