8 Hour Infection Control Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are standard precautions?

Guidelines used to prevent exposure to HBV and HIV and other diseases during procedures in health care settings by avoiding contact with patient body fluids.

What is infection control?

It is in the best interest of everyone to assume that all patients are infectious and capable of transmitting disease.

What are the three precautions taken for infection control?

PPE (personal protective equipment), hand-washing (scrubbing in), barrier techniques.

What are the five PPEs?

Gloves, masks, eyewear, scrubs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories for occupational exposure?

Category 1 - direct contact, Category 2 - indirect contact, Category 3 - no exposure. Signup and view all the answers

What are the modes of disease transmission?

Direct contact, indirect contact, droplet infection, parenteral transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What is direct contact of disease transmission?

Touching or making contact with the patient's blood or other body fluids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the indirect contact of disease transmission?

Make contact with a contaminated surface or instruments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the droplet infection from disease transmission?

Infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the parenteral transmission infection from disease transmission?

Needle stick injuries, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or any break in the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chain of infection?

Modes of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host, infectious host, reservoir, portal of exit. Signup and view all the answers

What are the CDC recommendations for infection control for dentistry?

Prevention of transmission of blood-borne pathogens, prevention of exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, environmental infection control, dental unit waterlines, biofilms and water quality testing, dental radiology protocol, aseptic techniques, dental laboratory. Signup and view all the answers

What is OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard?

Protects employees who work in occupations where they are at risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is OSHA's hazard communication standard?

Protects employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What is required in the written exposure plan?

Use of universal precautions, required use of personal protective equipment, policy on general waste disposal, labeling procedure, policy on sterilization including monitoring and disinfection, use of sharps containers and disposal system, standardized hand washing protocol, hepatitis B virus vaccination, post exposure evaluation and medical follow-up. Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal precaution?

The concept that all human blood and bodily fluids (including saliva) are to be treated as if known to be infected with a blood-borne disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Personal barriers worn by dental personnel during the performance of category 1 and 2 tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of gloves used in the office?

Latex gloves, sterile gloves, over-gloves, utility gloves. Signup and view all the answers

What is aseptic technique?

A technique without disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of room prep?

Clean and disinfect the operatory, place surface covers, instrument packages have been placed on top of the bracket table or instrument cart. Signup and view all the answers

What's the order to putting on PPE?

Protective clothing (scrubs), mask (only touch strings), eyeglasses, (wash hands) then gloves. Signup and view all the answers

What's the order of removing PPE?

(Disposable gown is applicable), gloves, glasses, mask. Signup and view all the answers

Where do barrier covers go?

Countertops, chairs, trays, equipment, switches, light handles, x-ray unit, hoses, tubing. Signup and view all the answers

T or F, you can remove surface barriers without gloves.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

When removing surface barriers it is important to...

Not touch the surface underneath. Signup and view all the answers

How do you discard general waste?

Use covered containers. Signup and view all the answers

How do you discard hazardous waste?

Follow state and local regulations. Signup and view all the answers

How do you dispose of contaminated waste?

Dispose with general waste. This waste may contain blood or other bodily fluids. Signup and view all the answers

How do you dispose of infectious (biohazard) waste?

Follow your state and local regulations. This includes blood and blood-soaked materials. Signup and view all the answers

How do you dispose of pathologic waste sharps?

Dispose in leak-proof, puncture-resistant coded red container marked with biohazard symbol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the policy on sterilizing and disinfecting with non-critical instruments?

Intermediate-level or low-level disinfection; ensure that non-critical patient care items are barrier protected or cleaned. If visibly soiled, clean and disinfect after use. Signup and view all the answers

What is the policy of sterilizing and disinfecting semi-critical instruments?

Clean and heat-sterilize semi-critical items before each use; single-use disposable instruments are acceptable alternatives if they are used only once and are disposed of properly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the policy of sterilizing and disinfecting critical instruments?

To be defined. Signup and view all the answers

What's the policy of sterilizing and disinfecting dental surfaces?

To be defined. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sterilizing and disinfecting policy for dental clinical contact surfaces?

Clean then disinfect with low to intermediate-level disinfectant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the housekeeping surfaces sterilizing and disinfecting policy?

Clean with soap and water or EPA-registered detergent/hospital disinfectant. Signup and view all the answers

What's the process of instrument sterilization?

<ol> <li>Cleaning off soil. Then disinfection. You will use one of three methods: ultrasonic cleaner, thermal disinfector, or chemical. 2. Inspection. Before inspection, swap gloves. Inspect each instrument for function and cleanliness after cleaning. 3. Packaging. Place lightweight instruments into sterilization pouches. Remove excess air. If package doesn't already include a chemical indicator, this should be added to the pouch. 4. Sterilization. Sterilization will be completed in one of three ways: steam sterilization (autoclave), chemical vapor (chemiclave), or dry heat (dryclave). There is also cold sterilization (though unpopular), which is the use of liquid chemical germicides. This can take up to 10 hours of exposure. 5. Sterile storage. Once sterilized and inspected for assurance, packages should be stored in a sterile area.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when the ultrasonic machine uses sound waves to form bubbles?

Cavitation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the single important variable of the sterilization process, no matter what process is used?

Exposure time. Signup and view all the answers

How do you sterilize the handpiece?

<ol> <li>Dry off handpiece. 2. Lubricate handpiece with spray oil. 3. Run handpiece to expel excess oil. 4. Clean fiber-optic surfaces. 5. Bag handpiece in paper/plastic combination. 6. Sterilize: auto, dry, or chemiclave the handpiece. 7. Dry the handpiece.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do you sterilize low-speed motors and attachments?

All handpieces and motors need to be sterilized. Apply oil to motors and attachments. Motors do not require much oil. Run motor to distribute oil after one or two drops. Signup and view all the answers

What is the standardized hand washing protocol?

<ol> <li>Antimicrobial soap. Lather in a circular motion down to fingertips. 2. Rub thumbs between fingers. 3. Rub fingertips into palms. 4. Vigorously rub the tops of the hands with fingers going between each other. 5. Rinse hands from the top of the wrist down to the fingertips.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

When do you wash your hands?

<ol> <li>Arriving in the office. 2. Before and after gloving. 3. Between patient treatments. 4. After touching contaminated objects. 5. Prior to leaving the office.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do you treat and test dental office waterlines for bacteria, microorganisms, and microbial biofilm?

Water testing laboratory, in-office testing with self-contained kits. Signup and view all the answers

How do you send water tests to the laboratory?

Instructions may differ with each company. Take vials of each waterline, do not allow handpiece to touch inside of vials. Ship vials with frozen refrigerated packages. Ship only overnight or 2-day delivery. Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform maintenance treatment on waterlines?

<ol> <li>Empty operatory unit water bottle, fill with 4 - 6 oz of water (distilled water is highly recommended). 2. Drop microbial tablet into unit water bottle and swirl the bottle until the tablet is resolved. 3. Reattach unit water bottle to the chair. 4. To shock the waterlines, run each of the handpieces into a cup until the colored water is visible. This indicates the shock treatment is in the lines. 5. Allow shock treatment to stay in the lines overnight, or if possible, over the weekend. 6. The next day, empty the unit water bottle and fill it with water. 7. Drop a daily maintenance tablet into the bottle. 8. Again run each handpiece until the water runs clear. 9. Drop a daily maintenance tablet every time you refill your bottle.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform in-office waterline tests?

<ol> <li>Remove handpieces, attachments, and motors from each unit. 2. Wipe waterline outlets (syringe tips, handpiece tubing terminals, etc.) with an alcohol wipe to avoid external contaminants. 3. Collect an equal amount of water from each sampled outlet (e.g., if there are two handpiece tubings and two A/W syringes, collect approximately one-fourth of the water sample from each outlet). 4. Follow the instructions provided with the monitoring kit for collecting the samples. 5. Follow the monitoring kit instructions for handling, storing, and processing the sample. If bacterial count is at or above 500CFU/ml, shock the waterlines. If bacterial count is below 500CFU/ml, proceed with waterline maintenance.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform shock treatment on dental waterlines?

<ol> <li>Fill each water bottle with a 1:10 sodium hypochlorite solution (1 ounce of household bleach to 10 ounces of water). 2. Run each A/W syringe for about 15 seconds until you smell bleach. 3. Remove the high-speed handpiece from the end of the line, place the handpiece connection into the sink and step on the pedal for a few seconds, running the water until you can smell bleach at the handpiece connection. This bleach smell verifies that the 1:10 dilution of bleach is in the lines. 4. Repeat this procedure for each A/W syringe and each handpiece in each operatory, leaving the diluted bleach in the lines for 10 minutes BUT not more than 15 minutes. Prolonged exposure to bleach can cause damage to the equipment. 5. Place a sign on the dental unit 'System is being treated. DO NOT USE!' 6. Disconnect the water bottles and discard the remaining diluted solution in the water bottles into the sink. DO NOT FLUSH BLEACH INTO ANY VACUUM SYSTEM THAT CONTAINS AN AMALGAM SEPARATOR. 7. Refill the water bottles with distilled water, reconnect the water bottles, and flush the bleach from each line in each operatory by running for 1-3 minutes each or until bleach smell disappears. 8. Start waterline maintenance protocol.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How do you perform daily maintenance?

<ol> <li>At the beginning of each workday, discharge water from each device connected to the waterline at each dental unit for 20-30 seconds. 2. After clearing the operatory and following standard disinfection protocols following patient dismissal, discharge water for 20-30 seconds from each waterline and/or device that enters the patient's mouth before seating the next patient.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infection Control Overview

Standard Precautions prevent exposure to HBV, HIV, and other diseases by avoiding contact with patient body fluids.
Infection Control assumes all patients are infectious and capable of transmitting diseases.

Precautions for Infection Control

Three key precautions include:
- PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
- Hand-washing techniques
- Barrier techniques to prevent transmission

Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Five essential PPE items:
- Gloves
- Masks
- Eyewear
- Scrubs
- Additional protective clothing may be required.

Occupational Exposure Categories

Three exposure categories:
- Category 1: Direct contact
- Category 2: Indirect contact
- Category 3: No exposure

Disease Transmission Modes

Four modes of disease transmission:
- Direct contact: touching patient’s blood or fluids
- Indirect contact: contact with contaminated surfaces
- Droplet infection: mucosal surfaces exposure
- Parenteral transmission: needle sticks or cuts

Chain of Infection

Components of the chain include:
- Modes of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
- Infectious host
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit

CDC Recommendations for Dentistry

Key recommendations include:
- Prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens
- Hand hygiene and environmental infection control
- Protocols for dental unit waterlines and biofilm testing
- Aseptic techniques and proper waste disposal methods

OSHA Standards

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard protects employees at risk of exposure to infectious materials.
Hazard Communication Standard protects against hazardous chemical exposure.

Written Exposure Plan Requirements

Must include:
- Use of universal precautions and PPE
- Policies on waste disposal and sterilization
- Hepatitis B vaccination and follow-up post-exposure evaluations

Personal Protective Equipment Definition

PPE consists of personal barriers worn by dental personnel during procedures involving potential exposure.

Aseptic Technique

Refers to any technique that prevents disease and minimizes infection risk.

Room Preparation Order

Clean and disinfect the operatory.
Place surface covers.
Organize instrument packages properly.

Proper PPE Use

Order for putting on PPE:
- Protective clothing (scrubs)
- Mask (only touch strings)
- Eyewear
- Wash hands and then put on gloves
Order for removing PPE:
- Disposable gown
- Gloves
- Eyewear
- Mask

Waste Disposal Guidelines

General waste: discard in covered containers.
Hazardous waste: follow state and local regulations for disposal.
Contaminated waste: dispose of with general waste.
Infectious waste: adhere to local regulations, including blood-soaked materials.

Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures

Non-critical instruments require intermediate or low-level disinfection.
Semi-critical items must be cleaned and heat-sterilized before each use.
Critical instruments need proper sterilization techniques.

Instrument Sterilization Process

Steps include:
- Cleaning soil with ultrasonic or thermal disinfectors.
- Inspecting, packaging, and sterilizing using appropriate methods.
- Ensuring sterile storage afterward.

Handpiece Maintenance

Steps for handpiece sterilization:
- Dry and lubricate.
- Run to expel excess oil.
- Clean carefully and sterilize accordingly.

Hand Hygiene Protocol

Follow a standardized hand washing protocol emphasizing thorough techniques down to fingertips.

Waterline Maintenance

Daily procedures include shocking waterlines with microbial tablets and performing regular in-office testing for bacterial contamination.

Shock Treatment for Waterlines

Employ a bleach solution to treat waterlines, ensuring to follow proper procedures to prevent damage to equipment.

Daily Maintenance Protocol

Discharge water from all devices connected to waterlines at the start and end of each workday.

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Description

This quiz covers essential infection control concepts and guidelines necessary for healthcare settings. Learn about standard precautions, the assumption of infectious status in patients, and the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE). Perfect for health professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding of infection prevention protocols.