8-bit Parallel to Serial Conversion using Multiplexer and Counter
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Questions and Answers

What component sequentially switches between different analog input channels in a data acquisition system?

  • Programmer sequencer
  • Analog multiplexer (correct)
  • Digital circuit
  • Sample and Hold circuit

    • What circuit acquires the signal voltage and holds its value during the connection time in a data acquisition system?

  • Computer data bus
  • Sample and Hold circuit (correct)
  • A/D converter
  • Programmer sequencer

    • Which component is responsible for timing and controlling the complete data acquisition system?

  • Analog multiplexer
  • A/D converter
  • Sample and Hold circuit
  • Programmer sequencer (correct)

    • In a data acquisition system, what is the primary objective related to acquiring the necessary data?

    <p>Acquire at the correct speed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is Analog DAS commonly used in data acquisition systems?

    <p>When wide frequency width is required (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of counter can count up as well as count down in a data acquisition system?

    <p>Up-down counter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given algorithm, what happens if Vin is less than VDAC at any cycle?

    <p>MSB is reset to 0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Successive Approximation Register (SAR) in the described algorithm?

    <p>To determine the binary count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cycles are required for an N-bit conversion using the described algorithm?

    <p>$N+1$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the described algorithm have over other ADC types?

    <p>Medium accuracy with a good balance between speed and cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a 5-bit ADC conversion as in Example 1, what is the value of VDAC on Cycle 4?

    <p>$0.5625V$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data conversion does the described algorithm perform?

    <p>Parallel to serial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Multiplexer (MUX) in the context provided?

    <p>To select and pass data bits serially based on a counter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the data byte after 8 CLK pulses in the described process?

    <p>It is changed to a serial format and sent out through the transmission line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, what is the function of an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)?

    <p>Converts a signal from analog to digital form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many steps are involved in the process of Analog to Digital Conversion mentioned in the text?

    <p>3 - Quantizing, Sampling, Encoding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Sampling and Holding circuit do in the context provided?

    <p>Samples and freezes the value of an analog signal for a specified period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the counter play in the process described in the text?

    <p>It controls the conversion of parallel data to serial data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Acquisition System

    • The first 8-bit group of parallel data is applied to the inputs of the MUX, and each bit is serially selected and passed through the MUX to the output line.
    • After 8-CLK pulses, the data byte has been converted to a serial format and sent out through the transmission line.

    Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

    • An ADC is an electronic integrated circuit that converts a signal from analog to digital form.
    • ADC provides a link between the analog world of transducers and the digital world of signal processing and data handling.

    Process of Analog to Digital Conversion

    • The process involves three steps: sampling and holding, quantizing, and encoding.
    • Sampling and holding involves sampling the voltage of a continuously varying analog signal and holding its value at a constant level for a specified minimum period of time.
    • Quantizing involves breaking down the analog value into a set of finite states.
    • Encoding involves assigning a digital word or number to each state and matching it to the input signal.

    Sampling and Holding Circuit

    • The circuit is an analog device that samples the voltage of a continuously varying analog signal and holds its value at a constant level for a specified minimum period of time.
    • The processed analog signal is given to an analog multiplexer, which switches sequentially between a number of different analog input channels.
    • Each input is connected to the output of the multiplexer for a specified period of time, and a sample-hold circuit acquires the signal voltage and holds its value while an A/D converter converts the value into digital form.

    Objectives of Data Acquisition System

    • The system must acquire the necessary data at the correct speed.
    • The system must use all data efficiently to inform the operator about the state of the input.
    • The system must monitor the complete plant operation to maintain online optimum and safe operation.
    • The system must be able to summarize and store data for diagnosis and record purposes.
    • The system must be flexible and capable of being expanded for future requirements.
    • The system must provide an effective human communication.

    Application of Data Acquisition System

    • Analog DAS is used when wide frequency width is required or when lower accuracy can be tolerated.

    Elements of Data Acquisition System

    • DAC = Digital to Analog Converter
    • EOC = End of Conversion
    • SAR = Successive Approximation Register
    • S/H = Sample and Hold Circuit
    • Vin = Input Voltage
    • Comparator Vref = Reference Voltage

    Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Algorithm

    • The algorithm uses an n-bit DAC and original analog results.
    • It performs a binary comparison of VDAC and Vin.
    • MSB is initialized at 1 for DAC.
    • If Vin < VDAC (VREF / 2^n), then MSB is reset to 0.
    • If Vin > VDAC (VREF / 2^n), then the successive bits are set to 1; otherwise, 0.
    • The algorithm is repeated up to LSB.
    • At the end, DAC in = ADC out.
    • N-bit conversion requires N comparison cycles.

    Advantages of SAR ADC

    • Capable of high speed and reliable operation.
    • Medium accuracy compared to other ADC types.
    • Good trade-off between speed and cost.
    • Capable of outputting the binary number in serial (one bit at a time) format.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the process of converting an 8-bit parallel data into a serial format utilizing a Multiplexer (MUX) and counter. The data is serialized by selecting each bit sequentially through the MUX and sent out through a transmission line after 8 clock pulses. The process repeats for each byte of data.

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