Arduino Serial and Parallel Communication

Serial Communication

• A simple and widely used method for transmitting data one bit at a time between Arduino and other devices like computers or other Arduinos
• Utilizes dedicated pins (Rx - receive, Tx - transmit) for data exchange
• Built-in functions like Serial.begin() for setting baud rate (data transmission speed) and Serial.println() for sending data

Parallel Communication

• Less common than serial communication
• Transmits data multiple bits simultaneously using multiple data lines
• Requires more complex hardware setup and is not a standard feature on most Arduino boards

Interfacing LCD Character Display

• Character displays show text and basic symbols
• Connect to Arduino via I2C or SPI communication protocols
• Libraries like LiquidCrystal simplify controlling the display by providing functions for writing text, clearing the display, etc.

UART Communication (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

• Defines the format for transmitting and receiving data asynchronously (not synchronized with a clock signal)
• Specifies aspects like baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity control (error checking)
• Serial Communication often utilizes UART for data exchange
• Libraries like SoftwareSerial allow using non-dedicated pins for serial communication

Interfacing ESP8266 Module

• The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi module that can connect Arduino to the internet
• Communication with ESP8266 often involves sending AT commands through serial communication
• Libraries simplify interacting with the ESP8266 Wi-Fi functionality

I2C Communication (Inter-Integrated Circuit)

• A two-wire serial communication protocol for connecting multiple devices (up to 128) to a single bus
• One line carries the clock signal (SCL), and the other carries data (SDA)
• Each device on the bus has a unique address for data transfer

ADXL345 Module and BMP180 Module

• ADXL345 is a common 3-axis accelerometer used to measure acceleration in various directions
• Communicates with Arduino via I2C protocol
• Libraries like Adafruit_ADXL345 simplify reading acceleration data from the sensor
• BMP180 is a pressure sensor used to measure atmospheric pressure for altitude or weather monitoring
• Communicates with Arduino through I2C
• Libraries like Adafruit_BMP080 help interact with the sensor and read pressure data

SPI Communication (Serial Peripheral Interface)

• A synchronous serial communication protocol faster than I2C
• Uses separate lines for clock (SCLK), data in (MOSI), and data out (MISO)
• Master device (usually Arduino) controls the communication and synchronizes data transfer with the clock signal

SD Card Interfacing and Ethernet Module Interfacing

• SD cards provide external storage for Arduino projects
• SPI communication is used to access and manage data on the SD card
• Libraries like SPI and SdFat simplify file reading and writing operations on the SD card
• Ethernet modules allow Arduino to connect to a wired network
• SPI communication is often used for data exchange with the module
• Libraries like Ethernet provide functions for network communication protocols like TCP/IP