7COM2001 Responsible Technology Ethics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which risk zone primarily addresses the manipulation of information and the spread of untruths?

  • Addiction & the Dopamine Economy
  • Surveillance State
  • Truth, Disinformation, and Propaganda (correct)
  • Machine Ethics & Algorithmic Biases

What might be a consequence of unchecked surveillance technologies on citizens?

  • Enhanced user privacy controls
  • Increased trust in governmental bodies
  • Infringement upon individual rights (correct)
  • Development of ethical AI systems

What is one strategy to mitigate ethical risks in technology development?

  • Avoid discussing ethical considerations
  • Focus solely on profit maximization
  • Limit stakeholder engagement
  • Incorporate ethical checkpoints in the development lifecycle (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a suggested question for assessing surveillance risks?

<p>How can technology be sold to maximize revenue? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk zone addresses the imbalance and disparities in wealth and resources?

<p>Economic &amp; Asset Inequalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can ethical considerations be integrated into business practices?

<p>By implementing ethical discussions during product design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of data collection that tracks users throughout their lives?

<p>Negative impact on individual reputations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can organizations do to keep ethical issues prominent in their workplace?

<p>Post ethical questions where all employees can see them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ethics in relation to technology?

<p>To determine the impact of technological developments on society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines deontology as an ethical framework?

<p>Emphasizing duties and adherence to laws and cultural norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In consequentialism, what determines the moral worth of an action?

<p>The consequences that result from the action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a potential conflict in ethics within organizations?

<p>Personal ethics conflicting with corporate or governmental ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of utilitarianism?

<p>It seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ethics considered important in the context of technology?

<p>It is integral to understanding societal impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ethical principles is accurate?

<p>They can conflict at individual, corporate, and governmental levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ethical theories generally function in decision-making?

<p>They guide the reasoning process behind ethical decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction made by deontological theories?

<p>Action and inaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ethical dilemmas, how do we process the situation according to the content?

<p>Through both consequentialism and deontology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of the trolley problem in relation to autonomous vehicles?

<p>It is a hypothetical scenario that raises ethical questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative consequence of the application related to user data?

<p>Users may receive unwanted advertising based on their data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does agency pertain to in the context of ethics?

<p>It concerns voluntary actions and decisions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects could potentially make people’s relationship with food more difficult?

<p>Encouraging users to log their food intake obsessively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required when considering the ethical launch of a project, such as veg-enough?

<p>A critical analysis based on ethical theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical approach can help in identifying and avoiding unintended consequences?

<p>Consequence Scanning by doteveryone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a positive consequence of the application's use?

<p>It potentially increases the consumption of vegetables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles are considered in a deontological analysis of an ethical dilemma?

<p>A variety of actors, including owners, developers, and users (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the actions of software engineers in a trolley problem scenario?

<p>They have the time to make ethical decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could diminish the privacy of users when using the application?

<p>Collecting user data for analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential factor in evaluating the consequences of a project release?

<p>The potential ethical implications involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three critical questions to answer regarding ethical risks?

<p>What are the intended and unintended consequences of this product? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the application limit access to health insurance for users?

<p>By potentially sharing sensitive user data without consent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of recognizing ethical dilemmas in technology development?

<p>Awareness of ethical risks is crucial to mitigate potential harm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethics

A set of moral principles that guide an individual's behavior and activities.

Ethical analysis

The study of moral principles and how they are applied to real-world situations.

Consequentialism

A framework for making ethical decisions based on consequences. The morality of an action is measured by its outcomes.

Deontology

A framework for making ethical decisions based on duty and obligation. Actions are judged by their adherence to rules and laws.

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Utilitarianism

A type of consequentialism that says the morally right action is the one that maximizes happiness for the greatest number of people.

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Ethical conflict

When an individual's personal ethical beliefs clash with those of their organization or government.

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Ethical risks

The potential harm or negative impact that a decision or action could have on individuals, society, or the environment.

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Ethical responsibility in technology

The responsibility of Computer Scientists and Technologists to consider the societal impact of their creations.

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Consequence Scanning

A process of identifying and avoiding potential negative consequences that could arise from a product or service.

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Ethical OS toolkit

A collection of tools and resources designed to help developers understand and address potential ethical risks associated with creating new technology.

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Intended and unintended consequences

Thinking about the intended effects of a product, but also about unexpected outcomes that could be positive or negative.

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Positive consequences

Focusing on the good outcomes we want to see. The positive impacts the product is meant to have.

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Mitigate consequences

Recognizing and planning to minimize potential negative impacts of a product or service.

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Good intent is not enough

Even with good intentions, technology can sometimes lead to ethical problems.

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Ethical risks to individuals, groups and society

Considering the potential harm to individuals, groups, society, and your company.

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Mitigate ethical risks

Taking steps to reduce the likelihood of negative ethical outcomes.

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Inaction

Inaction refers to not taking any action, even when a situation requires intervention. It's the opposite of active involvement.

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Causation

Causation refers to directly causing an event or outcome through an action.

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Trolley Problem

The trolley problem poses a hypothetical scenario where a person must choose between two undesirable outcomes. This problem highlights ethical dilemmas and the challenges of prioritizing lives.

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Agency

Agency refers to the ability to make conscious decisions and act independently. In ethics, it emphasizes that our actions are voluntary choices.

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Social Contract Theory

The social contract theory suggests that individuals agree to obey rules and laws in exchange for the benefits of living in a society. It's a deontological concept.

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Ethical Dilemma

An ethical dilemma arises when there is a conflict between different ethical principles or when the consequences of any action are morally problematic.

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Ethical OS

A framework for identifying and addressing ethical issues in technology design and development, focusing on potential risks and mitigations.

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Risk Zones

A collection of potential risks associated with technology use, grouped by common themes.

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Surveillance State Risk

The potential for technology to be used for excessive surveillance, infringing on individual privacy and freedom.

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Addiction & Dopamine Economy Risk

The concern that technology can be used to manipulate people's behavior through addictive design and the exploitation of dopamine-driven rewards.

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Algorithmic Bias Risk

The potential for algorithms and AI systems to perpetuate existing societal biases and discrimination.

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Hateful & Criminal Actors Risk

The potential for technology to be exploited by individuals or groups with malicious intent to harm others.

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Data Control & Monetization Risk

The concern that technology companies might collect and monetize personal data without sufficiently protecting user privacy.

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Study Notes

Identifying and Analysing Ethical Issues

  • The presentation covers ethical issues in 7COM2001 Responsible Technology.
  • Aims of the session:
    • To provide a systematic approach to identifying ethical issues.
    • To introduce ethical theories.
    • To consider ethical issues as a risk factor.

Why is Ethics Important?

  • Ethical considerations help determine if actions are good or bad.
  • Computer scientists and technologists have a significant societal impact, therefore a responsibility to consider the impact of their work.

Ethics

  • Ethics are moral principles guiding behaviour and activities. Decisions are made voluntarily.
  • Ethical behaviour is distinct from legal behaviour.
  • Ethical considerations can be personal, organizational, or governmental.
  • Personal ethics can conflict with corporate or governmental ethics.

Systems of Ethics

  • Ethical theories provide frameworks for ethical decision-making.
  • Two approaches considered:
    • Deontology: Focuses on duties and obligations; e.g., a doctor not performing euthanasia.
      • Distinguishes between actions (causing harm) and inactions (not preventing harm).
      • Considers intention and outcome.
      • Examples: Social contract theory (obeying rules if others do).
    • Consequentialism: Focuses on the consequences of actions; e.g., software updates.
      • Moral worth is determined solely by its consequences.
      • Examples: Utilitarianism (maximizing overall well-being).

Ethical Dilemmas – Trolley Problem

  • The trolley problem is a thought experiment, not a real-world situation. Involves ethical considerations regarding autonomous vehicles.
  • It raises consequentialist (maximizing well-being) versus deontological (duty-based) considerations.
  • The problem: A human driver responds by reflex. Software engineers have time to consider the best response.

Consequence Scanning

  • A method for identifying unintended consequences.
  • Key areas of focus to consider:
    • Intended vs unintended consequences,
    • Positive consequences,
    • Consequences to mitigate risks.

Two Approaches

  • Consequence scanning by doteveryone.
  • Ethical OS toolkit from the Institute for the Future and Omidyar Network.

Three Questions to Answer

  • What are the intended and unintended consequences of a feature/product?
  • What are the positive consequences to consider in the design?
  • What are the negative consequences we want to mitigate regarding the ethical implications.

Ethical OS Risk Zones

  • These risk zones outline potential ethical risks, including:
    • Truth, misinformation, propaganda.
    • Addiction, dopamine economy.
    • Economic inequality, asset inequality
    • Machine ethics, algorithmic biases, Surveillance State.
    • Data control, monetization.
    • Implicit trust, user understanding.
    • Hateful and criminal actors.

Mitigating Ethical Risks

  • Methods to mitigate ethical risks:
    • Involve ethical principles early in the design process.
    • Create a checklist or a system for consequence scanning.
    • Engage with ethical experts, consult resources, and communicate risk concerns.

Embedding Ethical Considerations

  • Including ethics in engineering processes, similar to accessibility.
  • Using tools like the Ethical OS toolkit.
  • Avoiding easy justification, engaging in real and thorough analysis.

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Identifying and Analysing Ethical Issues 7COM2001 Lecture

Description

This quiz explores ethical issues in the context of 7COM2001 Responsible Technology. It covers systematic approaches to identifying ethical dilemmas, introduces key ethical theories, and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in technological impacts. Participants will examine personal, organizational, and governmental ethics as part of their learning.

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