Female Reproductive Questions part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the uterine tube?

  • Facilitate implantation of the zygote
  • Store and nourish oocytes
  • Produce estrogen and progesterone
  • Transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and serve as the site of fertilization (correct)
  • Protect the uterus during pregnancy

Where does fertilization typically occur in the uterine tube?

  • Interstitial part
  • Ampulla (correct)
  • Infundibulum
  • Cervix
  • Isthmus

What are the finger-like projections that capture the ovum after ovulation?

  • Ligaments
  • Fimbriae (correct)
  • Granulosa cells
  • Cilia
  • Alveoli

What type of tissue lines the inner mucosa of the uterine tube?

<p>Simple columnar epithelium with cilia (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the ovary called?

<p>Germinal epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ovarian follicles found?

<p>Cortex of the ovary (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure provides blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to the ovary?

<p>Medulla (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue supports the ovary's structure?

<p>Stroma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the uterus is located above the uterine tubes?

<p>Fundus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the uterus sheds during menstruation?

<p>Endometrium functional layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the myometrium?

<p>Facilitate uterine contractions during labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the uterus to the vagina?

<p>Cervix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the mammary glands?

<p>Produce milk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

<p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure transports milk to the nipple?

<p>Lactiferous ducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the milk ejection reflex?

<p>Suckling by the infant or emotional stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ovum during ovulation?

<p>It is released into the peritoneal cavity (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the fertilized egg (zygote) transported to the uterus?

<p>By muscular contractions and ciliary movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does implantation of the blastocyst occur?

<p>Endometrium of the uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do primary oocytes begin meiosis?

<p>During fetal development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage is the oocyte arrested until puberty?

<p>Prophase I (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of follicle is surrounded by granulosa cells and contains a primary oocyte?

<p>Primordial follicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms after ovulation if fertilization does not occur?

<p>Corpus albicans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers ovulation?

<p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine lining during the luteal phase?

<p>Progesterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium rebuild?

<p>Proliferative phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

<p>The endometrium prepares for implantation by thickening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

<p>Upon fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in fertilization?

<p>Sperm binding to the plasma membrane of the oocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which uterine ligament attaches the uterus to the sacrum?

<p>Uterosacral ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?

<p>It persists to produce hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk ejection during breastfeeding?

<p>Oxytocin (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endometrium's basal layer?

<p>Provide a base for regeneration of the functional layer (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of follicle contains a large antrum and is ready for ovulation?

<p>Mature (Graafian) follicle (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cilia in the uterine tube?

<p>Move the oocyte/embryonic mass toward the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Uterine tube function

Transports the ovum from the ovary to the uterus, facilitating fertilization.

Fertilization site

Typically occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube.

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections that capture the ovum after ovulation.

Uterine tube lining

Simple columnar epithelium with cilia.

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Ovarian outermost layer

Germinal epithelium.

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Ovarian follicle location

In the cortex of the ovary.

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Ovarian blood supply

Medulla provides blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

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Ovarian supporting tissue

Dense irregular connective tissue (stroma).

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Uterus fundus

Located above the uterine tubes.

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Menstrual shedding layer

The endometrium's functional layer.

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Myometrium function

Causes uterine contractions during labor.

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Uterus-vagina connection

Cervix connects the uterus to the vagina.

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Mammary gland alveoli function

Produce milk.

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Milk production hormone

Prolactin.

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Milk transport structure

Lactiferous ducts.

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Milk ejection reflex trigger

Suckling by infant or emotional stimulation (oxytocin).

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Ovulation outcome

Ovum released into peritoneal cavity.

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Fertilized egg transport

Ciliary movement and muscular contractions.

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Blastocyst implantation

In the endometrium of the uterus.

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Primary oocyte meiosis

Begins during fetal development.

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Oocyte arrest stage

Prophase I.

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Primordial follicle content

Primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells.

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Post-ovulation structure (no fertilization)

Corpus albicans.

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Ovulation hormone

Luteinizing hormone (LH).

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Luteal phase uterine lining maintenance

Progesterone.

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Endometrial rebuilding phase

Proliferative phase.

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Secretory phase uterine activities

Endometrial thickening for implantation.

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Meiosis II completion

Occurs during fertilization.

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Fertilization initiation

Sperm binding to oocyte's membrane.

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Uterus-sacrum connection

Uterosacral ligament.

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Corpus luteum fate with fertilization

Persists and produces hormones.

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Milk ejection hormone

Oxytocin.

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Basal layer function

Regeneration of the functional layer.

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Ovulation-ready follicle type

Mature (Graafian) follicle.

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Uterine tube cilia role

Move oocyte/embryonic mass toward uterus.

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Study Notes

Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Function

  • The uterine tube transports the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and is the site of fertilization.
  • Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube.
  • Fimbriae are finger-like projections that capture the ovum after ovulation.
  • The inner mucosa of the uterine tube is lined with simple columnar epithelium with cilia.

Ovary Histology

  • The outermost layer of the ovary is the tunica albuginea.
  • Ovarian follicles are found in the cortex of the ovary.
  • The medulla of the ovary contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
  • The ovary is supported by connective tissue, specifically dense irregular connective tissue.

Uterus and Its Regions

  • The fundus of the uterus is located above the uterine tubes.
  • The endometrium functional layer sheds during menstruation.

Mammary Glands

  • Alveoli in the mammary glands produce milk.
  • Prolactin stimulates milk production.
  • Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.

Oogenesis

  • Primary oocytes begin meiosis at puberty.
  • The oocyte is arrested in prophase I until puberty.
  • A follicle surrounding the oocyte is important for its development.

Hormonal Control

  • LH triggers ovulation.
  • Progesterone maintains the uterine lining during the luteal phase.

Uterine and Ovarian Cycles

  • The endometrium rebuilds during the proliferative phase.
  • The secretory phase of the uterine cycle involves endometrial thickening for implantation.

Fertilization

  • Fertilization occurs when the ovum and sperm combine, which triggers the final stage of meiosis (meiosis II) in the ovum.
  • The blastocyst implants in the endometrium of the uterus.

Additional Questions

  • The broad ligament attaches the uterus to the pelvic side walls.
  • The corpus luteum persists to produce hormones if fertilization occurs.
  • During breastfeeding, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding.
  • A mature (Graafian) follicle is ready for ovulation.
  • Cilia in the uterine tube move the oocyte toward the uterus.

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