5A Framework in Kinesiology

5A Framework Overview

• The 5A framework is beneficial for healthcare professionals to educate young to older populations about healthy lifestyle choices, providing information or referral options for exercise programs.
• It allows these professionals to understand various action plans for clients and patients.
• Ask: Getting to know the client, screening and pre-meeting information, assessing baseline values, understanding the client's motivators.
• Assess: Physical activity, fitness, lifestyle, health screening to determine readiness for change.
• Advise: Discussion of evaluation summary, SMART goal setting, action plans, prescription, encouragement.
• Agree: Action plan, tracking activity and follow up.
• Assist/Arrange: Continuing support for clients, ensuring medical clearance for exercise.

Kinesiology

• Kinesiology is the study of human movement, helping to improve health and well-being.
• The College of Kinesiology of Ontario was established to protect the public and guide excellent practice in Ontario.
• Kinesiology assessment involves screening, pre-meeting information, and understanding client motivators.
• Kinesiology professionals need knowledge of disease and injury prevention, ensuring the public is benefited.

Physical Activity and Exercise

• Physical activity is any bodily movement resulting in energy expenditure.
• Exercise is a planned, repetitive physical activity aimed at improving or maintaining physical fitness.
• Physical fitness is a set of attributes related to one's ability to perform physical activity.
• Health-related components of physical fitness include body composition, muscular strength, endurance, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and balance.
• Skill-related components include agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, and speed.
• Accumulating 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week is recommended.
• Physical activity improves various aspects of health, including cardiovascular health, metabolic function, and risk reduction of mortality.

Body Composition

• Body composition reflects the accumulation of nutrients and other substances retained in the body.
• BMI categorizations: Underweight (≤18.5), Normal (18.5-24.9), Overweight (25.0-29.9), Obesity (≥30.0).
• Waist circumference is a risk factor for abdominal obesity ( >88 cm for females and >102 cm for males ).
• Body composition assessments should not be detrimental to the person's health.
• Methods for assessing body composition include skin-fold, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and MRI, with BIA being a portable method, DEXA being the gold standard for body composition assessments.

Resting Energy Expenditure

• Resting energy expenditure (REE) is a significant component of daily energy expenditure and is a reflection of the body's basal energy expenditure.

Exercise Intensity

• The FITT principle (Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) is used for exercise prescription and promotes appropriate levels of activity.

Contraindications

• Absolute contraindications require urgent investigation and intervention, due to potential harm.
• Relative contraindications caution against proceeding with activity unless benefits outweigh risks.

Movement Assessment

• Movement assessment involves observing behavior to identify postures, motions, and loads that may cause pain during movements.
• It distinguishes between passive and active ranges of motion (ROM).
• Assessing mobility and ROM is important for exercise prescription.

ROM and Flexibility

• Range of motion (ROM) refers to the angular movement potential at a joint.
• Active ROM, passive ROM, and active-assisted ROM are different measures of ROM.
• Flexibility is the extensibility of a muscle-tendon complex.
• Mobility refers to the ability to access and control available joint ROM.
• Limitations in mobility screening must be considered.
• Factors like anatomical constraints, multi-articular constraints, and muscle-tendon complexes may affect ROM and mobility screening process.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

• Cardiorespiratory fitness is the ability of the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to working muscles.
• VO2 max is the maximal amount of oxygen consumed during maximal-intensity exercise.
• Recommendations for moderate to vigorous physical activity include 150 minutes per week for most adults for decreased mortality risk.

Exercise Testing

• Before exercise testing, clients should avoid food, alcohol, and caffeine for an appropriate amount of time.
• Screenings must be appropriate and safe for clients.
• Testing criteria will vary based on client health and needs.

Submaximal Exercise Tests

• Submaximal tests assume a linear relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake; this is critical for making estimations or inferences from submaximal exercise procedures.
• Tests assume consistent HR and mechanical efficiency.