4th Quarter Science: Evolution and Fossils

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which minerals in the groundwater are absorbed by the tissues of a dead organism, causing it to harden as a rock?

  • Fossilization
  • Biogeography
  • Mineralization
  • Petrification (correct)

What is the primary reason for the reduction in size or removal of certain body parts in an organism over time?

  • Because they are similar to other organisms
  • Because they are no longer necessary for survival (correct)
  • Because they are homologous structures
  • Because they are vestigial organs

What is the name of the scientist who studies fossils?

  • Paleontologist (correct)
  • Biogeographer
  • Evolutionist
  • Anatomist

What is the term used to describe the similarities in the body structures of different organisms with different functions?

<p>Homologous evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the newly discovered species of ancient people that lived in Luzon?

<p>Homo luzonensis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence that supports the idea of evolution?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of amino acid sequencing in the context of evolutionary relationships?

<p>To compare the sequence of amino acids in different organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Georges Cuvier's theory of catastrophism?

<p>Mass extinctions occur due to sudden catastrophic events (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with coining the term 'homology' and defining it as 'different animals having the same organs but with different forms and functions'?

<p>Richard Owen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired traits?

<p>Darwin's theory is based on natural selection, while Lamarck's theory is based on use and disuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence from embryology that supports the idea of evolutionary relationships?

<p>The presence of pharyngeal slits in some organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Linus Pauling and Emile Zuckerlandl's concept of the molecular clock?

<p>The number of changes in the gene sequences of different species provides a measure of evolutionary time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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