Questions and Answers
When someone consumes alcohol or drugs, the _____ ____ is increased, and ___________ (breathing) becomes fast and shallow.
heart rate; respiration
The increased heart rate and fast and shallow breathing creates stress and damage to what?
Muscles of the heart and lungs
What replaces the feeling of euphoria or the 'buzz' attained through alcohol or drugs?
A lack of physical coordination, blurred vision, and a lack of ability to reason
Alcohol affects what?
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What damages can alcohol cause?
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Heavy consumption of alcohol can increase the chance of what?
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What can be affected and compromised by the continued use of alcohol?
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Alcohol and other illicit drugs can cause what?
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What systems can be damaged by alcohol and other illicit drugs?
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What are two of the possible deadly side effects from ingestion of these substances?
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What is the leading cause of liver-related deaths in the United States?
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Excessive use of alcohol and drugs leads to what two serious types of liver injury?
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What is one cause of these types of damage?
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As alcohol and oxygen are consumed, the body often produces what?
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What are two examples of free radicals that the body often produces as alcohol and oxygen are consumed?
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These compounds (free radicals and superoxide anions) are highly reactive and can interact with what?
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What can these compounds cause damage or death to?
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Liver cells are normally equipped with an array of ____________ that can neutralize free radicals.
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What can diminish the levels of these antioxidants?
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What does chronic alcohol consumption create?
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Alcohol consumption has been implicated in inflammation that causes what?
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People who consume more than 21 drinks per week are at least 10 times more likely to be susceptible to ______ __ ___ _________ than those who consume less than 7 drinks per week.
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This statistic is also due to the fact that alcohol may alter DNA repair mechanisms, thus leading to what?
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What three organs or systems can be greatly damaged by the use of alcohol and drugs?
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What is physically needing the alcohol or drug in order to function called?
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What is a condition caused by repeated drug or alcohol use?
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What is addiction characterized by?
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What is physiological dependency?
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What are people who have this physical addiction prone to?
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Study Notes
Alcohol and Drug Effects on the Body
- Alcohol and drugs increase heart rate and cause fast, shallow respiration.
- Increased heart rate and breathing can stress and damage the heart and lung muscles.
Impairments and Behavioral Changes
- Euphoria or "buzz" from substances is often replaced by physical coordination issues, blurred vision, and impaired reasoning.
- Alcohol diminishes inhibitions, affecting responsible behavior and decision-making.
Health Risks Associated with Alcohol
- Alcohol consumption can lead to liver and heart damage, elevated blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke.
- Continued alcohol use weakens the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections.
Serious Diseases Linked to Alcohol
- Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of liver-related deaths in the U.S.
- Excessive alcohol use results in hepatic inflammation and cirrhosis.
- Serious liver diseases can arise from both alcohol and illicit drug use.
Harmful Biochemical Effects
- Alcohol metabolism in liver cells (hepatocytes) requires oxygen, generating free radicals and superoxide anions.
- Free radicals, such as hydroxyl and 1-hydroxethyl radicals, can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA.
- This damage can result in death of liver cells.
Antioxidant Defense Mechanism
- Liver cells are usually equipped with antioxidants to neutralize free radicals.
- Chronic alcohol consumption reduces antioxidant levels, increasing oxidant stress and susceptibility to liver injury.
Cancer Risks Linked to Alcohol
- Alcohol consumption is associated with inflammation leading to esophageal, stomach, and intestinal cancers.
- Drinking more than 21 drinks per week significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer compared to those who consume less than 7 drinks weekly.
- Alcohol may disrupt DNA repair mechanisms, contributing to tumor formation.
Systems Affected by Substance Abuse
- Heavy alcohol and drug use can severely damage the heart muscle, pancreas, and cardiovascular system.
Dependency and Addiction
- Physical dependency refers to the body's need for substances to function normally.
- Addiction develops from repeated substance use, characterized by a compulsive urge, increased dosage, and psychological or physiological dependence.
- Physiological dependency is marked by a physical need for a substance, affecting behavior and relationships.
Behavioral Impacts of Addiction
- Individuals with physical addiction may experience mood swings, violent behavior, and isolation from family and friends.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 2 of the 4-Hour Florida First Time Driver (Drug & Alcohol) Course. This quiz covers essential terminology and definitions related to the effects of alcohol and drugs on the body. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding and prepare for your driving test.