4-Hour Florida First Time Driver Course Chapter 2

Questions and Answers

When someone consumes alcohol or drugs, the _ is increased, and _______ (breathing) becomes fast and shallow.

heart rate; respiration

The increased heart rate and fast and shallow breathing creates stress and damage to what?

Muscles of the heart and lungs

What replaces the feeling of euphoria or the 'buzz' attained through alcohol or drugs?

A lack of physical coordination, blurred vision, and a lack of ability to reason

Alcohol affects what?

Your inhibitions; the elements of your personality that stop you from behaving without regard to consequences Signup and view all the answers

What damages can alcohol cause?

Damage to the liver and heart and can elevate blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Heavy consumption of alcohol can increase the chance of what?

Heart failure and stroke Signup and view all the answers

What can be affected and compromised by the continued use of alcohol?

Immune systems are adversely affected; your ability to fight off infections can be compromised Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol and other illicit drugs can cause what?

Serious liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What systems can be damaged by alcohol and other illicit drugs?

The reproductive system, the cardiovascular system, and the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What are two of the possible deadly side effects from ingestion of these substances?

Hypertension and stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of liver-related deaths in the United States?

Alcohol abuse Signup and view all the answers

Excessive use of alcohol and drugs leads to what two serious types of liver injury?

Hepatic inflammation and progressive scarring (cirrhosis) Signup and view all the answers

What is one cause of these types of damage?

Alcohol metabolism by hepatocytes requires oxygen Signup and view all the answers

As alcohol and oxygen are consumed, the body often produces what?

Free radicals and superoxide anions Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of free radicals that the body often produces as alcohol and oxygen are consumed?

Hydroxyl and 1-hydroxethyl radicals Signup and view all the answers

These compounds (free radicals and superoxide anions) are highly reactive and can interact with what?

Proteins, lipids, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

What can these compounds cause damage or death to?

Liver cells Signup and view all the answers

Liver cells are normally equipped with an array of ____________ that can neutralize free radicals.

antioxidants Signup and view all the answers

What can diminish the levels of these antioxidants?

Chronic alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What does chronic alcohol consumption create?

Oxidant stress (a condition that renders liver cells more susceptible to injury induced by free radicals) Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol consumption has been implicated in inflammation that causes what?

Esophageal - stomach and intestinal cancers Signup and view all the answers

People who consume more than 21 drinks per week are at least 10 times more likely to be susceptible to ____ _ _______ than those who consume less than 7 drinks per week.

cancer of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

This statistic is also due to the fact that alcohol may alter DNA repair mechanisms, thus leading to what?

Tumor formations Signup and view all the answers

What three organs or systems can be greatly damaged by the use of alcohol and drugs?

The heart muscle, the pancreas, and the entire cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

What is physically needing the alcohol or drug in order to function called?

Physical dependency Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition caused by repeated drug or alcohol use?

Addiction Signup and view all the answers

What is addiction characterized by?

A compulsive urge to continue using the drug, a tendency to increase the dosage, and physiological and/or psychological dependence Signup and view all the answers

What is physiological dependency?

This is where the body (not the mind) has a physical need for the drug Signup and view all the answers

What are people who have this physical addiction prone to?

Mood swings, violent and unpredictable behavior, and loss of friendships and family contacts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alcohol and Drug Effects on the Body

Alcohol and drugs increase heart rate and cause fast, shallow respiration.
Increased heart rate and breathing can stress and damage the heart and lung muscles.

Impairments and Behavioral Changes

Euphoria or "buzz" from substances is often replaced by physical coordination issues, blurred vision, and impaired reasoning.
Alcohol diminishes inhibitions, affecting responsible behavior and decision-making.

Health Risks Associated with Alcohol

Alcohol consumption can lead to liver and heart damage, elevated blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke.
Continued alcohol use weakens the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections.

Serious Diseases Linked to Alcohol

Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of liver-related deaths in the U.S.
Excessive alcohol use results in hepatic inflammation and cirrhosis.
Serious liver diseases can arise from both alcohol and illicit drug use.

Harmful Biochemical Effects

Alcohol metabolism in liver cells (hepatocytes) requires oxygen, generating free radicals and superoxide anions.
Free radicals, such as hydroxyl and 1-hydroxethyl radicals, can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA.
This damage can result in death of liver cells.

Antioxidant Defense Mechanism

Liver cells are usually equipped with antioxidants to neutralize free radicals.
Chronic alcohol consumption reduces antioxidant levels, increasing oxidant stress and susceptibility to liver injury.

Cancer Risks Linked to Alcohol

Alcohol consumption is associated with inflammation leading to esophageal, stomach, and intestinal cancers.
Drinking more than 21 drinks per week significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer compared to those who consume less than 7 drinks weekly.
Alcohol may disrupt DNA repair mechanisms, contributing to tumor formation.

Systems Affected by Substance Abuse

Heavy alcohol and drug use can severely damage the heart muscle, pancreas, and cardiovascular system.

Dependency and Addiction

Physical dependency refers to the body's need for substances to function normally.
Addiction develops from repeated substance use, characterized by a compulsive urge, increased dosage, and psychological or physiological dependence.
Physiological dependency is marked by a physical need for a substance, affecting behavior and relationships.

Behavioral Impacts of Addiction

Individuals with physical addiction may experience mood swings, violent behavior, and isolation from family and friends.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 2 of the 4-Hour Florida First Time Driver (Drug & Alcohol) Course. This quiz covers essential terminology and definitions related to the effects of alcohol and drugs on the body. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding and prepare for your driving test.