5 Questions
What process is responsible for the absorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal mucosa?
Active transport and facilitated diffusion
How are amino acids and dipeptides absorbed in the intestine?
Active transport
Which molecules enter mucosal cells by passive diffusion before being resynthesized into fats?
Large fatty acids and glycerol
What are chylomicrons composed of?
Protein-coated fats
How is cholesterol packaged within the intestinal mucosa?
As low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes
Study Notes
Absorption of Nutrients
- Food molecules released by digestive processes are absorbed through epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa.
Carbohydrate Absorption
- Disaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides by lactase, sucrase, and maltase enzymes embedded in epithelial cell membranes.
- Monosaccharides are rapidly absorbed through active transport and facilitated diffusion.
Protein Absorption
- Amino acids and dipeptides are absorbed through active transport.
Absorption into Bloodstream
- Absorbed molecules enter the bloodstream through capillaries of the villi.
Fat Absorption
- Small fatty acids enter blood vessels of the intestine directly.
- Large fatty acids, glycerol, and cholesterol enter mucosal cells by passive diffusion.
- Within mucosal cells, fatty acids and glycerol are resynthesized into fats and packaged into chylomicrons.
- Cholesterol is packaged into low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes.
Learn about the absorption of nutrients through epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, including the breakdown of disaccharides and absorption of amino acids and dipeptides.
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