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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells?
What is the main function of lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells?
- Formation of alveolar macrophages
- Synthesis of connective tissue fibers
- Production of red blood cells
- Secretion of surfactant (correct)
What is the relationship between pulmonary capillaries and alveolar epithelium shown in the electron micrograph?
What is the relationship between pulmonary capillaries and alveolar epithelium shown in the electron micrograph?
- They are completely isolated from each other
- They are connected by lymphatic vessels
- They are closely apposed with additional connective tissue fibers (correct)
- They are separated by a layer of muscle cells
What is the primary role of the interstitium in the alveoli?
What is the primary role of the interstitium in the alveoli?
- Production of oxygen
- Support and structural framework (correct)
- Synthesis of white blood cells
- Removal of carbon dioxide
What is the significance of the intimate relationship between capillaries, interstitium, and alveolar epithelium?
What is the significance of the intimate relationship between capillaries, interstitium, and alveolar epithelium?
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the alveolar space?
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the alveolar space?
What is the source of the phospholipid surface film (SF) in the alveoli?
What is the source of the phospholipid surface film (SF) in the alveoli?
Which generation of bronchi includes the lobar bronchi?
Which generation of bronchi includes the lobar bronchi?
What replaces the trachealis muscle in the main bronchi?
What replaces the trachealis muscle in the main bronchi?
What characteristic changes with each bifurcation/generation of smaller airways?
What characteristic changes with each bifurcation/generation of smaller airways?
Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and runs more vertically?
Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and runs more vertically?
Which structure supplies blood to the tracheobronchial tree from the main bronchi to the terminal bronchioles?
Which structure supplies blood to the tracheobronchial tree from the main bronchi to the terminal bronchioles?
How many primary (or main) bronchi are usually present in the human body?
How many primary (or main) bronchi are usually present in the human body?
Which veins drain the proximal part of the root of the lung?
Which veins drain the proximal part of the root of the lung?
What is the approximate percentage of cardiac output (CO) from the left ventricle (LV) that flows in the bronchial circulation?
What is the approximate percentage of cardiac output (CO) from the left ventricle (LV) that flows in the bronchial circulation?
Which part of the lung is supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery?
Which part of the lung is supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery?
Which structures are separated from adjacent segments by connective tissue septa and are supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery?
Which structures are separated from adjacent segments by connective tissue septa and are supplied independently by a segmental bronchus and a tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery?
What is the main function of bronchioles in the respiratory zones?
What is the main function of bronchioles in the respiratory zones?
What is the typical diameter of bronchioles?
What is the typical diameter of bronchioles?
In which zones are the first 16 generations of passages located?
In which zones are the first 16 generations of passages located?
Which arteries deliver oxygenated blood at systemic pressures and supply intrapulmonary structures proximal to the terminal bronchioles, connective tissue septa, and visceral pleura?
Which arteries deliver oxygenated blood at systemic pressures and supply intrapulmonary structures proximal to the terminal bronchioles, connective tissue septa, and visceral pleura?
What do bronchioles lack that distinguishes them from other airways?
What do bronchioles lack that distinguishes them from other airways?
What is the most common source for the right bronchial artery?
What is the most common source for the right bronchial artery?
What is the function of bronchopulmonary anastomoses?
What is the function of bronchopulmonary anastomoses?
Which innervation system provides inhibition, including bronchodilation, in the airways?
Which innervation system provides inhibition, including bronchodilation, in the airways?
What is the major source of unitary smooth muscle contraction in the airways?
What is the major source of unitary smooth muscle contraction in the airways?
What effect does the humoral release of epinephrine and norepinephrine during 'flight or fight' circumstances have on the airway smooth muscle?
What effect does the humoral release of epinephrine and norepinephrine during 'flight or fight' circumstances have on the airway smooth muscle?
What is the main function of mast cells residing in the connective tissues of the airways?
What is the main function of mast cells residing in the connective tissues of the airways?
Which part of the lung is completely lined with alveoli, alveolar ducts, and sacs?
Which part of the lung is completely lined with alveoli, alveolar ducts, and sacs?
What does an acinus in the lung include?
What does an acinus in the lung include?
Which type of epithelial cells are mainly involved in gas exchange within the alveoli?
Which type of epithelial cells are mainly involved in gas exchange within the alveoli?
What function do Type II alveolar cells serve in the alveoli?
What function do Type II alveolar cells serve in the alveoli?
Which cells monitor and remove debris/microorganisms in the alveoli by migrating through Pores of Kohn to the mucociliary escalator?
Which cells monitor and remove debris/microorganisms in the alveoli by migrating through Pores of Kohn to the mucociliary escalator?
'Club cells' in the terminal bronchioles primarily serve which function?
'Club cells' in the terminal bronchioles primarily serve which function?
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