Anatomy and Physio Lab
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Questions and Answers

Which animal generally has the highest incidence of retained placenta of the common domestic species

  • Dog
  • Cat
  • Human
  • Ruminant (correct)

    • Placental attachment seen in horses, camelids, and pigs

  • Diffuse (correct)
  • Cotyledonary
  • Zonary
  • Discoid

    • Placental attachment that allows the entire surface if the placenta to attach to the uterine lining

  • Cotyledonary
  • Diffuse (correct)
  • Zonary
  • Discoid

    • Placental attachment seen in ruminants, and contains small multiple smaller, round, raised attachment sites that resemble inverted mushroom caps

    <p>Cotyledonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This placental attachment sites increase in size throughout the pregnancy

    <p>Cotyledonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placental attachment site seen in carnivores, and contains belt-like attachment band around the middle of the placenta

    <p>Zonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Found in primates, rodents, and rabbits, and contains one large disc shaped attachment site

    <p>Discoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle that elevates the mandible to close the mouth when chewing AND moves the mandible laterally

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle elevates the mandible to close the mouth when chewing ONLY

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle opens the mouth

    <p>Digastricus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle raises the floor of the mouth

    <p>Mylohyoideus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the lateral side of the mandible

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is ventral mandible

    <p>Disgastricus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the zygomatic arch, insertion is the lateral side of the mandible

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the occipital and temporal bones caudal to the external acoustic meatus, the insertion is the ventral mandible

    <p>Digastricus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the medial surface of the mandible, insertion is the ventral median raphe between the bones of the mandible

    <p>Mylohyoideus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin; the majority of the muscle arises from the parietal bone, but the muscle also arises from the temporal frontal and occipital bones, the insertion is the coronoid process of the mandible

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An extension of the epimysium that consists of dense connective cordlike tissue

    <p>Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrous connective tissue, attaches bone to bone

    <p>Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The attachment at the less moveable end of the muscle or usually the more proximal end

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The attachment at the more moveable end of the muscle; in the limbs it is usually the more distal end

    <p>Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responsible for movement and contraction

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extends hip/flexes stifle/extends tarsus

    <p>both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extends hip

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flexes hip/extends stifle

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adducts limb/flexes stifle/extends hip and hock

    <p>Gracilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extends digits/flexes tarsus/extends stifle

    <p>Long digital extensor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extends tarsus/flexes stifle

    <p>Gastrocnemius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flexes vertebral column/abdominal press

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the ischiatic tuberosity of the pelvis

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the crest of the ilium, the insertion is the patella/cranial part of the tibia

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the Pelvic symphysis, insertion is the cranial border of tibia/tuber calcanei

    <p>Gracilis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the extensor fossa of femur, insertion is the extensor process of distal phalanges

    <p>Long digital extensor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is medial/lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur, insertion is the proximal surface of tuber calcanei

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the thoracolumbar fascia of last rib

    <p>External abdominal oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the thoracolumbar fascia

    <p>Internal abdominal oblique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin is the last four to five ribs/transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae

    <p>Transversus abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the linea alba

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the patella/proximal tibia/tuber calcanei (origin is the ischiatic tuberosity of pelvis)

    <p>Biceps femoris muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the tibia and tuber calcanei (origin is the ischiatic tuberosity of pelvis)

    <p>Semitendinosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the femur and tibia (origin is the ischiatic tuberosity of the pelvis)

    <p>Semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the patella/cranial part of tibia (origin is the crest of ileum)

    <p>Sartorius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the cranial border of tibia/tuber calcanei (origin is the pelvic symphysis)

    <p>Gracilis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the Extensor process of distal phalanges (origin is the extensor fossa of femur)

    <p>Long digital extensor muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insertion is the proximal surface of tuber calcanei (origin is the medial/lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur)

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph node located on either side of the lower jaw where it meets the neck

    <p>Submandibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph node found in front of the shoulder blade where the neck and shoulder meet

    <p>Prescapular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph node located in the armpit

    <p>Axillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph node located in the groin region

    <p>Inguinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    lymph nodes—found at the back of the stifle (i.e. knee)

    <p>Popliteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where bones connect with each other

    <p>Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Also known as synarthroses

    <p>Fibrous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Also known as amphiarthrosis

    <p>Cartilaginous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Also known as diarthroses

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connect bones to other bones

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connect muscles to bones

    <p>Tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joint that allows free movement

    <p>Synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joint that allows slight rocking movement

    <p>Cartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joint that does not allow movement

    <p>Fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the type of joint: elbow, joints of digits

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the carpus

    <p>Gliding joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint (between C1 and C2)

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the shoulder and hip joint

    <p>Ball and socket joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sutures uniting most of the skull bones are

    <p>Fibrous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pelvis symphysis and mandibular symphysis are

    <p>Cartilaginous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth articular surfaces covered with smooth articular cartilage are a characteristic of

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the kidney

    <p>Erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the stomach

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the small intestine

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the placenta

    <p>Chorionic gonadotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the thymus

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone produced by the pineal body

    <p>Melatonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone do many body tissues produce

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Erythropoietin = Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow Melatonin = Influences moods, wake-sleep cycles, and seasonal estrus Secretin = Stimulates pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate; slows gastric motility Thymosin = Stimulates T cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Thymopietin = Stimulates T cell development Gastrin = Stimulates gastric glands to secrete acid and digestive enzymes; increases gastric motility Prostaglandins = Inflammatory response, luteolysis Cholecystokinin = Stimulates the pancreas to release its digestive enzymes; slows gastric motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prevents hypocalcemia

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lowers calcium levels in the bloodstream

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary target organ is the small intestine

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is produced in the kidneys

    <p>Calcitrol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is produced by the parafollicular cells

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produced by the chief cells

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Promotes bone resorption

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Promotes bone deposition

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Promotes the kidneys to reabsorb calcium

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Aqueous compartment = Area in front of the ciliary body and Anterior chamber = Space in front of the iris Posterior chamber = Space behind the iris but in front of the lens Vitreous compartment = Area behind the ciliary body and lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers = Aqueous humor Clear, soft, gelatin-like liquid that fills part of the eyeball behind the lends and ciliary body = vitreous humor Area in front of the ciliary body and lens = Aqueous compartment Space in front of the iris = Anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the green reflection from the eyes of an animal in photographs or at night

    <p>Tapetum Lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do domestic animals have more rods or cones in their retinas

    <p>Rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are rods used for detail and color or dim light vision

    <p>Dim light vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ is the colored part of the eye that is visible externally

    <p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the junction between the cornea and the sclera of the eye?

    <p>Limbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is the tiny hole in the medial canthus of the eyelid that allows tears ti drain away from the eyes

    <p>Lacrimal punctum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "blind spot" of the eye

    <p>Optic disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ is the muscular ring of tissue that surrounds the lens and adjusts its shape

    <p>Ciliary body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustable eye structure helps focus a clear image on the retina

    <p>Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clear "window" that admits light to the interior of the eye

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure of the eye contains rods and cones

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third eyelid covered with?

    <p>Conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Nerves to their sensation/control

    <p>Optic = Vision Oculomotor = External and internal eye muscles Trochlear = External eye muscles Trigeminal = Head and teeth sensations, chewing muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Nerves to their sensation/control

    <p>Abducent = External eye muscles Facial = Salivation, tear production, taste Vestibulocochlear = Balance, hearing Glossopharyngeal = Tongue muscles, swallowing, salivation, taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Nerves to their sensation/control

    <p>Facial = Facial muscles, salivation, tear production, taste Vagus = Sensory to respiratory tree and gastrointestinal tract Accessory = Head movement, partially joins vagus nerve Hypoglossal = Tongue muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for: motor to the larynx, pharynx, abdominal, and thoracic organs

    <p>Vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the cranial nerve: sensory, motor, or mixed ?

    <p>Optic = Sensory Oculomotor = Motor Trigeminal = Mixed</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the cranial nerve: Sensory, motor, or mixed

    <p>Trochlear = Motor Olfactory = Sensory Facial = Mixed</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the cranial nerve sensory, mixed, or motor

    <p>Abducent = Motor Vestibulocochlear = Sensory Glossopharyngeal = Mixed</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the cranial nerve motor, sensory, or mixed

    <p>Vagus = Mixed Optic = Sensory Hypoglossal = Motor</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the accessory cranial nerve sensory, motor or mixed

    <p>Motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Largest and most rostral part of the brain, reponsible for learning and intelligence

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coordinates movement, balance, posture and complex reflexes

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serves as a passageway between the brainstem and the cerebrum

    <p>Diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most primitive part of the brain, contains centers that control basic body functions like breath9ing, cardiac functions, digestive tract functions

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Made up of nerve fibers that conenct the right and left cerebral hemispheres

    <p>Corpus collosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The only externally visible part of the diencephalon

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small, bean-shaped structure located caudal to the thalamus

    <p>Pineal body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relay station for regulating sensory inputs to the cerebrum. Circular structure ventral to the corpus collosum

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Area of the brainstem that connects with the spinal cord

    <p>Medulla oblongatta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Located rostral to the medulla oblongata

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contains most of the neuron cell bodies and it is where many impulses are initiated

    <p>Grey matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sensory nerve fibers carry impulses _____ the brain

    <p>Toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ nerve can be found next to the carotid artery in the neck

    <p>Vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ nerve is found on the medial surface of the thigh running with the femoral artery and vein

    <p>Femoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The folds or "hills" on the surface of the cerebrum

    <p>Gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The grooves or "valleys" on the surface of the cerebrum

    <p>Sulci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

    <p>Longitudinal fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cortex of the cerebellum is made up of ____ matter

    <p>Grey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medulla of the brainstem is made up of ___ matter

    <p>Gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The radial nerve is part of the

    <p>PNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most caudal nerve of the three main nerves branching off the brachial plexus is the _____

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve that lies deep to or beneath the biceps femoris muscle is the ______

    <p>Sciatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cranial nerve, longest in the body

    <p>Vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cats lack receptors in their taste buds that are sensitive to ___________

    <p>Sweet tastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Omnivores that chew their food have kept taste receptors sensitive to sweetness because

    <p>Detecting carbohydrates is essential to survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ funnels sound wave vibrations into the external auditory canal

    <p>Pinna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is a soft membrane-lined tube that conducts sound wave vibrations to the tympanic membrane

    <p>External auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ of the heart is where all blood vessels enter and leave

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ Reaches all the way to the end of the apex of the heart

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is located cranial to the right ventricle, is an extension of the right atrium

    <p>Right auricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood vessel at the cranial end of the right ventricle near the interventricular groove is the ____________

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large blood vessel that enters the left atrium

    <p>Pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large blood vessel that leaves the left ventricle

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large blood vessel that leaves the right ventricle

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large blood vessel that enter the right atrium

    <p>Vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aortic valve is located

    <p>Where the aorta leaves the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary valve is located

    <p>Where the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    2 main arteries that branch off the brachiocephalic trunk

    <p>Left subclavian artery and brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artery that branches off the brachiocephalic trunk

    <p>Right subclavian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Superficial vein that runs between the elbow and the carpus on the craniomedial surface of the forearm

    <p>Cephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forms a grossly visible fibrous sac around each testis and spermatic cord

    <p>Parietal vaginal tunic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tightly adheres to the testis and is not grossly visible

    <p>Visceral vaginal tunic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatozoa mature and are stored in the ________ until ejaculation

    <p>epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where spermatozoa enter from efferent ducts

    <p>Head of epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main portion of the epididymis, lies along the sides of the testis

    <p>Body of epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ continues on as the vas deferens

    <p>Tail of epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thick muscular tube composed mainly of smooth muscle, it extends from the tail of the epididymis to the pelvic portion of the urethra

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Runs down the center of the spermatic cord to carry blood to the testes

    <p>Testicular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spermatic cord links the testes with the rest of the body

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Largest part of the penis and contains erectile tissue

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attaches the penis to the brim of the pelvis with two connective tissue bands covered with muscle

    <p>Roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most distal part of the penis

    <p>Glans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are homologous (have the same embryologic origin) to the male testes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are not homologous (have the same embryologic origin) to the male testes

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovaries are located in the abdomen near the kidneys, they are suspended from the dorsal part of the abdomen by the

    <p>Suspensory ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The uterus is suspended from the dorsal part of the abdomen by the

    <p>Broad ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three connective tissue ligaments suspend the abdominal female reproductive organs from the dorsal body wall, which is the largest of the three

    <p>Broad ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue that is transected during ovariohysterectomy surgery to allow the uterine horns to be removed

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    the round ligament is a lateral fold of the broad ligament made up of fibrous tissue and blood vessels

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Located at the upper portion of the stomach

    <p>Cardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Referred to as the "blind pouch"

    <p>Fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distal portion of the stomach, functions to break down ingesta and aids in hydrochloric acid regulation through the release of the hormone gastrin

    <p>Antrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    End portion of the stomach

    <p>Pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Third compartment of the forestomach and aids in mechanical breakdown of ingesta and in the absorption of VFAs

    <p>Omasum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acts as the true stomach, contains glands that secrete acids and enzymes necessary for digestion to occur

    <p>Abomasum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Longest portion of the small intestine and absorbs the bulk of nutrients derived from food

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shortes portion of the small intestine and forms a transitory link between the jejunum and the beginning of the large intestine

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat digestion is accomplished via emulsification with aid of bile acids from

    <p>The liver or gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blind-ended pouch from which the ascending colon arises

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protects tooth from bacteria and sensitivity

    <p>Enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contain cells that produce dentin

    <p>Pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supports the enamel

    <p>Dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adducts thoracic limb

    <p>Superficial pectoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adducts and pulls limb caudally

    <p>Deep pectoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulls limb forward, extends shoulder

    <p>Brachiocephalicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevates and abducts limb

    <p>Trapezius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Draws limb caudally, flexes shoulder joint

    <p>Latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Draws head to side

    <p>Sternocephalicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated the mandible to close the mouth when chewing

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Raises the floor of the mouth

    <p>Mylohyoideus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The origin of a muscle is usually the more proximal end

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insertion of a muscle is usually the more distal end

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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