2nd Midterm Prep: Male and Female Reproduction

Progesterone inhibits contractions and signals the body to maintain pregnancy.

When HCG is low, it indicates a lack of fertilization, leading to decreased progesterone levels.

If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels drop, which can lead to menstruation.

<p>High progesterone levels signal the body to not have fertilization occur again immediately after one has just happened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone provides negative feedback to prevent further ovulation and maintain pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GLP-1 agonists promote insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion, thereby lowering glucose levels in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin inhibits lipolysis, promoting fat storage instead of breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptin acts as an appetite suppressor, helping to reduce hunger signals in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic regulation inhibits insulin release, thus decreasing glucose uptake by tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone, as it stimulates appetite and promotes food intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased glucose levels stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatostatin inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, regulating glucose metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gut hormones, such as GIP, enhance insulin secretion and aid in the digestion process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin promotes sexual accessory structures and influences reproductive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The descent helps regulate temperature, which is vital for optimal sperm production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin is involved in the ejaculation process and can affect orgasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ABP carries testosterone to the epididymis to support sperm maturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins facilitate ejaculation and other reproductive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone in the testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogens can influence male behavior and fertility, affecting libido and reproductive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibin inhibits the secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The seminiferous tubule is responsible for the production and maturation of sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ABP facilitates the concentration and availability of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules to promote spermatogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ductus deferens is a muscular tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sperm maturation in the epididymis is crucial for acquiring motility and the ability to fertilize an egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to promote the production of sperm and support spermatogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is essential for sperm production and male secondary sexual characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroidogenesis refers to the biochemical process by which steroids, including testosterone, are produced from cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis helps to clear out damaged sperm cells, ensuring the overall health and quality of sperm in the reproductive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viviparous reproduction involves live birth, while oviparous reproduction involves laying eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cortisol levels lead to earlier births.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin induces contractions during labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin promotes milk production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estradiol increases levels of LH and FSH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxin increases the width of the birth canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of the SRY gene indicates male sex determination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgens are associated with sperm production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased CRH levels due to stress can lead to earlier childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucking stimulates the release of prolactin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatomammotropin levels increase to support fetal growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetal adrenal gland secretes cortisol, which helps initiate labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitellogenesis refers to yolk deposition in oocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal changes facilitate the development of secondary sexual characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrin stimulates gastric emptying and increases gastric acid secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PTH increases calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and the release of calcium from bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity in bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption, which raises blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and energy availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), stimulating the release of ACTH from the pituitary, which prompts adrenal hormone release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine leads to increased glucose levels in the blood by promoting glycogen breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation by synthesizing the bone matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to rickets, characterized by weak bone structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatostatin inhibits the release of other hormones, including insulin and glucagon, and slows down digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood pressure triggers the secretion of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase water reabsorption in kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers