Spermatogenesis and Female Reproductive Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What happens to estrogen and progesterone levels if pregnancy does not occur during the luteal phase?

  • They fluctuate randomly throughout the cycle.
  • They decline sharply, leading to corpus luteum disintegration. (correct)
  • They remain high to maintain the corpus luteum.
  • There is a sharp increase in both hormones.

    • The menstrual cycle consists of four phases: menstrual flow, proliferative, secretory, and luteal.

    False

    What initiates the next ovarian cycle after the decline of estrogen and progesterone?

    Secretion of FSH by the anterior pituitary.

    The ______ phase occurs from day 1 to day 5 of the menstrual cycle.

    <p>menstrual flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ovarian cycle phases with their hormonal control:

    <p>Follicular phase = Increase in FSH and LH secretion Luteal phase = High levels of progesterone and estrogen Menstrual flow phase = Low estrogen and progesterone levels Proliferative phase = Estrogen stimulates endometrial thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of FSH and LH during the menstrual flow phase?

    <p>Low levels of estrogen and progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative feedback in the ovarian cycle prevents excessive secretion of FSH and LH.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the endometrium thicken in response to estrogen?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Testosterone has a positive feedback effect on the secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) play in spermatogenesis?

    <p>FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to nourish developing sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hormone released by Leydig cells that promotes spermatogenesis is called __________.

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hormones with their functions related to spermatogenesis:

    <p>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) = Stimulates LH and FSH secretion Luteinizing Hormone (LH) = Stimulates testosterone production Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) = Stimulates Sertoli cells Testosterone = Promotes spermatogenesis in tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial trigger for spermatogenesis?

    <p>Release of GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative feedback mechanisms in males ensure an increase in sex hormone production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does testosterone have on Sertoli cells?

    <p>Increases responsiveness to FSH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

    <p>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The luteal phase occurs after ovulation and is characterized by the development of the corpus luteum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two main cycles involved in the female reproductive cycle.

    <p>Ovarian cycle and menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secondary oocyte is surrounded by the __________, a layer of glycoprotein.

    <p>zona pellucida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>Promotes the maturation of follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hormones with their functions in the female reproductive cycle:

    <p>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) = Stimulates the release of FSH and LH Luteinizing Hormone (LH) = Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation Estrogen = Promotes the growth of the uterine lining Progesterone = Prepares the uterus for possible implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the menstrual cycle, a negative feedback mechanism helps regulate hormone levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the secondary oocyte during the process of ovulation?

    <p>It is released from the ovary into the pelvic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spermatogenesis

    • Hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
    • GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
    • LH stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone
    • Testosterone promotes spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
    • Testosterone also increases the sensitivity of Sertoli cells to FSH
    • FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to nourish developing sperm
    • Testosterone regulates the production of GnRH, FSH and LH through negative feedback mechanisms
      • Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamus to reduce GnRH release
      • Testosterone also inhibits the anterior pituitary gland to reduce FSH and LH release

    Female Reproductive Cycle

    • Ovary is the female gonad, containing follicles which are made up of an oocyte and surrounding support cells
    • Secondary oocyte is surrounded by zona pellucida (glycoprotein layer) and corona radiata (granulosa cells)
    • Granulosa cells provide nutrients to the developing oocyte
    • During ovulation, the secondary oocyte is released from the ovary into the pelvic cavity
    • Hypothalamus releases GnRH
    • GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH
    • FSH stimulates the development of follicles and estrogen secretion
    • LH stimulates final maturation of the follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum development

    Ovarian Cycle

    • Luteal phase: High concentrations of progesterone and estrogen inhibit the release of LH and FSH from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
    • If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum breaks down
    • FSH levels increase, initiating a new ovarian cycle

    Menstrual Cycle

    • The menstrual cycle is correlated with the ovarian cycle, and has three phases:
      • Menstrual flow phase: Occurs when estrogen and progesterone levels are low, causing cell death of the endometrium and menstrual bleeding
      • Proliferative phase: Estrogen stimulates the repair and thickening of the endometrium
      • Secretory phase: Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg

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    Description

    This quiz covers the processes of spermatogenesis and the female reproductive cycle. Learn about hormonal regulation involving GnRH, LH, FSH, and testosterone. Test your knowledge about the roles of these hormones in male and female reproductive physiology.

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