Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about hypotonic solutions is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about hypotonic solutions is most accurate?
- Hypotonic solutions have equal osmotic pressure to human plasma.
- Hypotonic solutions have lower osmotic pressure. (correct)
- Hypotonic solutions have higher osmotic pressure.
- Hypotonic solutions have no osmotic pressure.
What is the main solute in plasma that largely determines the effective circulating volume (ECF)?
What is the main solute in plasma that largely determines the effective circulating volume (ECF)?
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Sodium (correct)
- Magnesium
Which of the following is responsible for the high extracellular sodium concentration and low extracellular potassium concentration?
Which of the following is responsible for the high extracellular sodium concentration and low extracellular potassium concentration?
- Aldosterone
- Angiotensin II
- Na/K-ATPase pumps (correct)
- ADH
What is the term used to describe a solution that has equal osmotic pressure compared to human plasma?
What is the term used to describe a solution that has equal osmotic pressure compared to human plasma?
Which of the following hormones is released in response to atrial distension due to fluid overload?
Which of the following hormones is released in response to atrial distension due to fluid overload?
Which of the following is responsible for determining blood volume largely through sodium balance?
Which of the following is responsible for determining blood volume largely through sodium balance?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following lab values may indicate volume depletion?
Which of the following lab values may indicate volume depletion?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of volume depletion?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of volume depletion?
Which of the following IV fluids is most appropriate for hypovolemia?
Which of the following IV fluids is most appropriate for hypovolemia?
Which of the following IV fluids provides more intravascular volume expansion than D5W?
Which of the following IV fluids provides more intravascular volume expansion than D5W?
Which of the following IV fluids is less useful in intravascular volume resuscitation than Normal Saline?
Which of the following IV fluids is less useful in intravascular volume resuscitation than Normal Saline?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hypovolemic patients?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hypovolemic patients?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hyperglycemic patients?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hyperglycemic patients?
Which IV fluid contains other electrolytes in concentrations to mimic plasma?
Which IV fluid contains other electrolytes in concentrations to mimic plasma?
Which IV fluid is more efficient than normal saline at expanding intravascular volume?
Which IV fluid is more efficient than normal saline at expanding intravascular volume?
Which IV fluid should be avoided in patients requiring fluid resuscitation?
Which IV fluid should be avoided in patients requiring fluid resuscitation?
Which IV fluid is associated with an increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury?
Which IV fluid is associated with an increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury?
Which medication is a calcium-based phosphate binder used to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Which medication is a calcium-based phosphate binder used to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Which medication is NOT used to shift potassium into cells as a treatment for severe hyperkalemia?
Which medication is NOT used to shift potassium into cells as a treatment for severe hyperkalemia?
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia?
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia?
Which medication is used to treat hypophosphatemia in symptomatic patients or patients with a phosphate level below 1.9 mg/dL?
Which medication is used to treat hypophosphatemia in symptomatic patients or patients with a phosphate level below 1.9 mg/dL?
Which electrolyte imbalance is typically controlled with phosphate binders, diet changes, and dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Which electrolyte imbalance is typically controlled with phosphate binders, diet changes, and dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Which medication is used to treat severe hyperkalemia by preventing arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which medication is used to treat severe hyperkalemia by preventing arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
What is the dosing of Tolvaptan (Samsca) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia maintenance?
What is the dosing of Tolvaptan (Samsca) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia maintenance?
What is the dosing of Conivaptan (Vaprisol) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia IV treatment?
What is the dosing of Conivaptan (Vaprisol) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia IV treatment?
What is the goal for hypertonic saline treatment of severe or symptomatic hyponatremia?
What is the goal for hypertonic saline treatment of severe or symptomatic hyponatremia?
What is the recommended initial dosing of potassium replacement for moderate hypokalemia?
What is the recommended initial dosing of potassium replacement for moderate hypokalemia?
What is the maximum change in serum sodium that should be targeted during hypertonic saline treatment?
What is the maximum change in serum sodium that should be targeted during hypertonic saline treatment?
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining high extracellular sodium concentration and low extracellular potassium concentration?
Which of the following is responsible for maintaining high extracellular sodium concentration and low extracellular potassium concentration?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypertonic solutions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypertonic solutions?
Which hormone is released in response to atrial distension due to fluid overload?
Which hormone is released in response to atrial distension due to fluid overload?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypotonic solutions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypotonic solutions?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for determining blood volume largely through sodium balance?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for determining blood volume largely through sodium balance?
Which of the following is a characteristic of isotonic solutions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of isotonic solutions?
Which of the following lab values may indicate volume depletion?
Which of the following lab values may indicate volume depletion?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of volume depletion?
Which of the following is a clinical presentation of volume depletion?
Which medication is used to treat severe hyperkalemia by preventing arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which medication is used to treat severe hyperkalemia by preventing arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which IV fluid is more efficient than normal saline at expanding intravascular volume?
Which IV fluid is more efficient than normal saline at expanding intravascular volume?
Which of the following IV fluids is associated with an increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury?
Which of the following IV fluids is associated with an increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for severe hyperkalemia to prevent arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for severe hyperkalemia to prevent arrhythmias associated with hyperkalemia?
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders when treating hyperkalemia?
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders when treating hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for hypomagnesemia in symptomatic patients?
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for hypomagnesemia in symptomatic patients?
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia?
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia?
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about hypotonic solutions?
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about hypotonic solutions?
Which of the following IV fluids is most appropriate for hypovolemia?
Which of the following IV fluids is most appropriate for hypovolemia?
Which of the following is a treatment option for euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia refractory to fluid restriction?
Which of the following is a treatment option for euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia refractory to fluid restriction?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hypernatremic patients?
Which of the following IV fluid combinations is NOT recommended for hypernatremic patients?
What is the dosing of Conivaptan (Vaprisol) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia IV treatment?
What is the dosing of Conivaptan (Vaprisol) for euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia IV treatment?
Which of the following IV fluids is NOT commonly used in patients with diabetes or post-op and L&D patients?
Which of the following IV fluids is NOT commonly used in patients with diabetes or post-op and L&D patients?
What is the goal for hypertonic saline treatment of severe or symptomatic hyponatremia?
What is the goal for hypertonic saline treatment of severe or symptomatic hyponatremia?
Which of the following IV fluids is associated with the risk of dilutional coagulopathy?
Which of the following IV fluids is associated with the risk of dilutional coagulopathy?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia?
Which of the following IV fluids is NOT recommended for patients requiring fluid resuscitation?
Which of the following IV fluids is NOT recommended for patients requiring fluid resuscitation?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following is a common cause of fluid loss in the body?
Which of the following IV fluids provides calories for dehydrated patients?
Which of the following IV fluids provides calories for dehydrated patients?
What is the main solute in plasma that largely determines the effective circulating volume (ECF)?
What is the main solute in plasma that largely determines the effective circulating volume (ECF)?
Which of the following IV fluids contains calcium, potassium, and lactate in concentrations to mimic plasma?
Which of the following IV fluids contains calcium, potassium, and lactate in concentrations to mimic plasma?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of third-spacing fluid loss?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of third-spacing fluid loss?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of third-spacing fluid loss?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of third-spacing fluid loss?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of third-spacing fluid loss?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of third-spacing fluid loss?
