Fluid and Electrolyte Solutions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following solutions is classified as isotonic?

5% dextrose in water (correct)
0.45% sodium chloride
3% sodium chloride
10% dextrose in water

What is the primary risk associated with hypOtonic solutions?

Cerebral edema (correct)
Osmotic balance restoration
Fluid volume overload
Dehydration of cells

When given hypErtonic solutions, what is the expected cellular response?

Cells burst from excessive fluid
Cells swell due to fluid influx
Cells shrink due to fluid loss (correct)
Cells remain unaffected in size

Which of the following solutions is not hypErtonic?

5% dextrose in water (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which isotonic solution is commonly used in medical settings?

0.9% sodium chloride (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of isotonic solutions?

They resemble plasma and maintain cell size. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hypErtonic solutions is true?

They contain a higher concentration of sodium than isotonic solutions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential consequence of administering a hypOtonic solution?

Risk of cerebral edema exacerbation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is classified as hypOtonic?

0.45% sodium chloride. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why can hypErtonic solutions potentially lead to pulmonary edema?

They shrink cells and displace fluid into vascular and interstitial spaces. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Isotonic Solution

A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma, preventing cell shrinkage or swelling.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher osmotic pressure than blood plasma, causing cells to shrink.

Examples of Hypertonic Solutions

(e.g., 3% NaCl, 10% dextrose in water).

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure than blood plasma, causing cells to swell.

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Examples of Hypotonic Solutions

(e.g., 0.45% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl).

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Effects of Hypertonic Solutions

Shrinking cells, potentially causing fluid volume overload and pulmonary edema.

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Dangerous Hypotonic Solution Scenario

Hypotonic solutions are dangerous in cases of cerebral edema, as they can cause further swelling of brain cells.

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Study Notes

Isotonic Solutions

Isotonic solutions resemble plasma, do not shrink or swell cells, maintaining them in the vascular space.
Examples include 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in water, and lactated Ringer's solution (LR).

Hypertonic Solutions

Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration than isotonic solutions.
Examples include 3% sodium chloride (higher sodium concentration than 0.9% NaCl) and 10% dextrose in water.
Hypertonic solutions shrink cells, drawing fluid from the cells into the surrounding vascular and interstitial spaces. This can lead to fluid overload and pulmonary edema.

Hypotonic Solutions

Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration than isotonic solutions.
Examples include 0.45% sodium chloride, 0.33% sodium chloride, and 10% dextrose in water and 2.5% dextrose in water.
Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell potentially causing serious problems like cerebral edema (swelling of the brain tissue).