21st Century Literature Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a type of song praising God or the Virgin Mary?

  • Oyayi
  • Bung-aw
  • Dalit (correct)
  • Kundiman

Awit songs contain eight syllables.

False (B)

Which literary form is characterized by a set of 14 lines?

  • Ode
  • Elegy
  • Sonnet (correct)
  • Ballad

What is the term for a riddle in Filipino culture?

<p>bugtong</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lyric poetry is meant to be accompanied by music.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a fable?

<p>To convey a moral lesson through stories featuring animals and inanimate objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is an emotional piece of literature that often tells a story with song.

<p>dramatic poetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of songs with their descriptions:

<p>Kundiman = Love song Hibais = Travel song Dapayanin = Drinking song Bung-aw = Funeral song</p> Signup and view all the answers

Folksongs are often referred to as __________ poems intended to be sung.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following literary forms with their characteristics:

<p>Ballad = Set to music with quatrains Elegy = Expresses grief or death Ode = No definite number of lines Myth = Creation stories about gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of poetry is a chivalric poem about a hero?

<p>Awit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Philippine Normal University was founded in 1901.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the first Filipino novel published in 1921.

<p>A Child of Sorrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ was a religious narrative form detailing the lives of saints.

<p>Corrido</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following years with their events in Philippine literature:

<p>1900 = Founding of English Language education in the Philippines 1910 = Publication of The College of Folio 1941 = Beginning of the Japanese occupation 1921 = Publication of A Child of Sorrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of essays in literature?

<p>To express viewpoints or opinions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Literature does not help develop skills in understanding social milieu and culture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'oratory' refer to?

<p>The art of delivering speeches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A detailed description about the life of a person is called a ________.

<p>biography</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following literary terms with their descriptions:

<p>Orator = Skilled public speaker Comedy = Festivity or revelry Melodrama = Tragedy for other characters Epic = Extended narrative about heroic deeds Tragedy = Main characters are suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of poetry describes important events in life?

<p>Narrative Poetry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'kosmos' relates to comedy and means festivity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of an epic?

<p>An epic is an extended narrative that often deals with heroes and gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of literary work is the 'Karagatan' associated with?

<p>Celebration during death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Zarsuela' is a type of literature that is only performed as spoken scenes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the prominent figures associated with the Propaganda Movement.

<p>Jose Rizal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Spanish language became the ______ literary language during the colonial period.

<p>literary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as Secular Prose and Poetry?

<p>Pasyon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following works with their authors:

<p>Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa = Marcelo del Pilar Sobre Indolencia = Jose Rizal Filipinas Dentro De Cien Años = Jose Ma. Panganiban Me Ultimo Adios = Jose Rizal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The period of Enlightenment in the Philippines introduced the use of grammar books printed in Filipino.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main classifications of literature mentioned?

<p>Religious Prose and Poetry, Secular Prose and Poetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a metaphor?

<p>Comparing one thing to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alliteration involves repetition of vowel sounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of folklore?

<p>To pass down traditional stories and cultural values through oral tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creative Non-Fiction combines factual content with __________ techniques.

<p>literary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of multimedia format?

<p>Illustrated Novel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves making a direct comparison.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a regional literary piece?

<p>Folktales or Etiological Legends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A short poem sent as a text message is called a __________.

<p>Textula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures of speech with their definitions:

<p>Simile = Comparison using 'like' or 'as' Personification = Giving human traits to non-human things Onomatopoeia = Words that sound like what they describe Irony = Opposite of the literal meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genre narrates the adventures of tribal heroes?

<p>Epics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Graphic Novel is presented in comic book format.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary genre reflects current themes and technological culture?

<p>21st Century Literature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ Fiction encompasses elements of imagination and futurism.

<p>Speculative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Metrical Tale

A type of narrative poem with a specific structure and an identifiable author.

Sonnet

A lyric poem of 14 lines, often expressing love or personal reflections.

Elegy

A type of lyrical poem that expresses grief or lamentation, often about death.

Lyric Poetry

A type of traditional lyric poem often accompanied by a lyre, expressing the emotions of the writer.

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Tales

Stories that are considered to be part of a culture's folklore and tradition.

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Epic Poetry

An extended narrative poem about heroic deeds, often involving gods and heroes.

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Narrative Poetry

A type of poetry that tells a story.

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Style

The distinct way an author uses language to express their ideas.

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Significance of Literature

Literature helps readers develop various skills such as critical thinking, empathy, and understanding of human nature.

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Biography

A literary work that explores the life of a person.

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Oration

A formal speech delivered in public to discuss a specific topic.

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Comedy

A dramatic genre that focuses on comedic situations and characters.

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Tragedy

A dramatic genre that emphasizes tragic suffering and downfall of the main characters.

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Folksongs

Traditional songs used in everyday life, like lullabies for calming children, boat songs for navigation, and war songs for fierce battle cries.

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Riddles

These are questions designed to stump you with unexpected or clever answers, often requiring witty thinking.

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Dramatic Poetry

A dramatic story involving song and emotion. Think of a play that feels like a poem.

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Cenaculo

A passionate play about Jesus' suffering, death, and resurrection. It's a drama focusing on his last days.

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Moro-Moro

A play that depicts a battle between Muslims and Christians. It's often performed during fiestas.

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Corrido

A religious narrative form that details the lives of saints.

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Awit

A chivalric poem about a hero, often sung and used in religious processions.

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1898-1941 In Philippine Literature

Marked the rise of English language use in Philippine literature; established key institutions for education and media.

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Impact of English on Philippine Literature

Philippine literature written in English was greatly affected, with institutions being created to support English education and journalistic publications.

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Philippine Literature Under Japanese Rule (1941-1945)

This period saw a dramatic change in Philippine literature due to the constraints of Japanese occupation, impacting freedom of speech and reducing published works.

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Philippine Colonial Literature

A type of Philippine literature that flourished under Spanish colonial rule, heavily influenced by Christian themes and Spanish language.

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Spanish Era (1550-1890)

The era in Philippine history when Spain held colonial power, encompassing the years 1550 to 1890.

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Religious Themes in Philippine Colonial Literature

A type of Philippine literature that highlighted religious topics and teachings, reflecting the Christian influence during the Spanish colonial era.

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Illustrados

Filipino intellectuals who were educated in Europe during the Spanish colonial era. They played a significant role in the Propaganda Movement.

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Propaganda Movement

A movement led by Filipino intellectuals advocating for political and social reforms during the Spanish colonial era. This movement aimed to achieve greater autonomy for the Philippines.

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Zarsuela

A play that alternates between spoken dialogues and sung scenes. It's similar to a musical but with more emphasis on storytelling.

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Poetry

A literary genre that expresses feelings and ideas through creative use of language, imagery, and rhythm.

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Creative Non-Fiction

A type of writing that uses literary techniques and styles to tell a true story.

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Fiction

Writing that tells a story using imagined characters and events.

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Non-Fiction

Writing that is based on factual information and the author's opinions.

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Drama

A type of writing that involves dialogue and is meant to be performed on stage.

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Etiological Legend

A type of story that explains how something came to be.

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Folktales/Folklore

Traditional stories that are passed down through generations.

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Myths

Stories that involve gods and goddesses, explaining beliefs and customs.

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Epics

Long poems narrating the adventures of heroes, often based on historical events.

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Imagery

Using words or phrases to create a mental picture in the reader's mind.

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Literal Language

Using words to mean exactly what they say.

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Figurative Language

Using words or phrases to mean something other than their literal meaning.

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Figures of Speech

Techniques used in figurative language to create special effects.

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Simile

A type of figurative language that compares two things using 'like' or 'as'.

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Metaphor

A type of figurative language that compares two things directly, without using 'like' or 'as'.

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Study Notes

21st Century Literature

  • Literature is a Latin word referring to written words
  • Literature includes written works expressing ideas, emotions, and experiences of people
  • Literary standards are characteristics to determine if a work is truly literary, developed by William J. Long
  • Universality: appeals to everyone
  • Artistry: aesthetic appeal to everyone
  • Suggestiveness: evokes man's emotional power
  • Spiritual value: evaluates the spirit and inspires the soul
  • Intellectual value: stimulates critical thinking
  • Permanence: timeliness of a literary piece
  • Style: the author's distinct way of expressing ideas

General Types of Literature

  • Prose: natural flow of speech and grammatical structure
    • Novel: long narrative, divided into chapters (e.g., Harry Potter)
    • Short Story: one character, one plot, one impression (e.g., The Necklace)
    • Play: presented on stage (e.g., Romeo and Juliet)
    • Legends: fictitious narratives (e.g., Legend of Pineapple)
    • Parables: illustrating lessons or principles (e.g., Parable of the Good Samaritan)
    • Fables: using animals and inanimate things (e.g., Aesop's Fables)
    • Anecdotes: short stories about real people or events (e.g., The Moth and the Lamp)
    • Essays: expressing a viewpoint or opinion (e.g., Of Studies)
    • Biography: detailed description of a person's life (e.g., Cayetano Arellano)
    • Oration: formal treatment of a subject, spoken in public (e.g., Gettysburg Address)
    • Oratory: art of delivering speeches

Poetry

  • Uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language
  • Narrative Poetry: describes important events
    • Epic: extended narrative about heroic figures
    • Popular or Ancient epic: often anonymous
    • Metrical Tale: narrative format
    • Ballad: set to music, containing stanzas
  • Lyric Poetry: accompanied by lyre, expressing emotions and feelings
    • Folksongs (Awiting Bayan): short poems meant to be sung
    • Sonnets: 14-line lyric poems
    • Elegy: expresses grief or death
    • Ode: no definite number of syllables or lines
    • Psalm: praises God or Virgin Mary
    • Awit (Song): twelve syllables
    • Corridos: eight syllables
  • Dramatic Poetry: emotional piece of literature, presented as a story with dialogue

Philippine Pre-Colonial Literature

  • Prose and poetry were inscribed on various materials (barks, palm leaves, bamboos)
  • Preserved in common minds

Philippines Colonial Literature

  • Spanish Era Influences (1550-1890):
    • Religious Themes
    • Christian Doctrine
    • Literary Language: Spanish
  • Classification of Literature:
    • Religious Prose & Poetry (Pasyon, Cenaculo)
    • Secular Prose & Poetry (Awit, Korido)
    • Prose Narrative
  • Period of Enlightenment:
    • Ilustrados: Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe
    • Propaganda Movement: spearheaded by educated middle class intellectuals (e.g., José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar)

The Rise of Philippine Literature in English (1898-1991)

  • 1900s: English Language became important
  • 1901: PNU founded
  • 1903: Philippine Free Press founded
  • 1910s: Colleges and publications established
  • 1920s: First Filipino Novel published
  • 1920s-1930s: Development of magazines and literary works in English

Philippine Literature during the Japanese Period (1941-1945)

  • Influences on Philippine literature
  • Censoring and restrictions of freedom of speech and press
  • Literary works described as "pessimisitic" and "bitter" by some

Themes during the rise of the Philippine English

  • Life
  • Liberty
  • Pursuit of Happiness
  • Justice

Recreation Plays and Songs

  • Details of religious themes
  • Details of chivalric poems
  • Awit and Korido religious processions

Multimedia Arts

  • Integration of different media forms
  • Digital media: represented, stored, transmitted, and processed digitally

Multimedia Formats

  • Blogs
  • Mind Mapping
  • Textuals
  • Slide Show
  • Tag Clouds
  • Videos
  • Graphic Novels
  • Manga
  • Doodle Ficiton
  • Chick-Lit
  • Flash Fiction
  • Speculative Fiction

Creative Non-Fiction

  • Literary styles and techniques
  • Textula
  • Illustrated Novels
  • Digi-Fiction
  • Graphic Novels
  • Manga
  • Doodle Fiction
  • Chick-lit
  • Flash Fiction
  • Speculative Fiction

21st Century Literary Genres

  • Traditional literary genres
  • Conventional categories and classifications of literature, including shared characteristics

21st Century Literature

  • Recent literary work created over the last decade
  • Focused on themes and forms originating from the nation's history

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21st Century Literature 3rd Quarter PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of 21st-century literature, including the meaning, characteristics, and types of literary works. This quiz covers literary standards defined by William J. Long and examines various forms such as prose, novels, short stories, and plays. Test your understanding of these literary elements and their significance in the modern world.

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