Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the French term that means 'beautiful writing'?
What is the French term that means 'beautiful writing'?
Philippine ancient literature was solely written and not passed on orally.
Philippine ancient literature was solely written and not passed on orally.
False
Name one type of ancient literature from the Philippines.
Name one type of ancient literature from the Philippines.
Epics
The writing system developed by ancient Filipinos included __________ vowels and __________ consonants.
The writing system developed by ancient Filipinos included __________ vowels and __________ consonants.
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Match the following types of Philippine ancient literature with their descriptions:
Match the following types of Philippine ancient literature with their descriptions:
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What is the act of singing Kundiman known as?
What is the act of singing Kundiman known as?
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The first Filipino alphabet, alibata, was replaced by the Roman alphabet during the Spanish period.
The first Filipino alphabet, alibata, was replaced by the Roman alphabet during the Spanish period.
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What is the main purpose of writing according to the discussed literature?
What is the main purpose of writing according to the discussed literature?
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The __________ is a lullaby in Filipino literature.
The __________ is a lullaby in Filipino literature.
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Match the following Filipino songs with their corresponding descriptions.
Match the following Filipino songs with their corresponding descriptions.
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Study Notes
Ancient Literature (Pre-Colonial Period, BC to 1564)
- Literature is defined as an oral expression involving ideas, thoughts, and emotions, making it a personal reflection of human experiences.
- The term "belles-lettres" translates to "beautiful writing," emphasizing the artistry in literature.
- Baybayin, the ancient Filipino writing system, consisted of three vowels and fourteen consonants, inscribed on natural materials like tree barks and dried leaves.
- Ancient literature was transmitted orally from one generation to another, symbolizing strong familial bonds and cultural continuity.
Types of Philippine Ancient Literature
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Epics:
- "Biuag," "Malana," and "Hudhud ni Aliguyon" are significant epic narratives reflecting Filipino heritage.
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Karunungang Bayan (Folklore):
- Riddles (Bugtong) consisting of rhymes, typically four to twelve syllables.
- Kundiman: Traditional love songs often performed during courtship.
- Dalit/Imno: Devotional songs dedicated to the Visayan gods. -OYayi/Hele: Lullabies used to soothe children.
- Soliranin: Songs sung by laborers during work.
Hallmarks of Literature
- Literature is marked by artistry, intellectual value, suggestiveness, and spiritual value, reflecting the challenges and joys of human life.
- Writers hold a social obligation to address and transform societal imperfections through their craft.
Spanish Period (1565 onwards)
- The Roman alphabet replaced the native alibata or baybayin, altering the foundation of Filipino writing.
- The introduction of Christianity influenced literature, primarily focusing on religious themes and practices.
- Notable literary forms during this period:
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Secular Drama:
- Karagatan: A poetic contest performed during wakes.
- Duplo: A poetic debate during funerals.
- Zarzuela: A musical drama showcasing human emotions and political themes.
- Comedia: Draws plots from medieval Spanish tales, demonstrating virtues and valor.
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Secular Drama:
The Japanese Period (1941-1945)
- Literature faced disruptions during the Japanese occupation but birthed significant poetry types:
- Haiku: A 17-syllable poem structured into three lines (5-7-5).
- Tanaga: A short poem with a rhyme scheme, each line containing 7 syllables, often allegorical.
- Nationalism and themes of everyday life emerged strongly during this time, fostering a deeper connection with Filipino identity.
21st Century Literature (2001-Present)
- Filipino literature has embraced modern themes such as social justice, gender, and cultural identity, often influenced by global trends.
- Online platforms and writers' workshops have expanded the reach and diversity of contemporary literature.
- New linguistic codes and digital formats reflect the evolving tastes of the new generation of readers and writers.
Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)
- Poetry in English flourished alongside a revival of Tagalog literature post-Japanese occupation.
- Common themes included the struggles under Japanese rule, poverty portrayal, and guerilla heroism.
Reflective Themes in Modern Literature
- Literature in the 21st century serves to express national identity, social criticism, and personal experiences, often employing vibrant, direct language.
- Writers have become more conscious of their craft, contributing to a rich tapestry of modern Filipino literature that responds to both local and global contexts.
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Description
This quiz explores the foundations of 21st-century literature, focusing on various literary periods. It emphasizes the transition from oral to written literature, particularly on ancient literature from the pre-colonial period. Students will engage with key ideas surrounding the definition and significance of literature.
