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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pre-colonial Philippine literature?
Based on the provided text, which of these is NOT a characteristic of Philippine folk songs?
Based on the provided text, which of these is NOT a characteristic of Philippine folk songs?
Which of the following literary forms emphasizes the achievements of a hero in a long narrative poem?
Which of the following literary forms emphasizes the achievements of a hero in a long narrative poem?
The introduction of the Roman alphabet to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period had a significant impact on Philippine literature. Which of the following was NOT a primary consequence of this change?
The introduction of the Roman alphabet to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period had a significant impact on Philippine literature. Which of the following was NOT a primary consequence of this change?
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The text suggests that the Spanish colonial period influenced the development of Philippine literary forms. Which of the following was NOT a result of this influence?
The text suggests that the Spanish colonial period influenced the development of Philippine literary forms. Which of the following was NOT a result of this influence?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Philippine literature during the American Regime?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Philippine literature during the American Regime?
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Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the role of the Propaganda Movement in Philippine literature?
Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the role of the Propaganda Movement in Philippine literature?
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Which of these literary works is NOT attributed to the Propaganda Movement?
Which of these literary works is NOT attributed to the Propaganda Movement?
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What was the primary effect of the Japanese occupation on Philippine literature in English?
What was the primary effect of the Japanese occupation on Philippine literature in English?
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In the context of Philippine literature, what does the term "free verse" refer to?
In the context of Philippine literature, what does the term "free verse" refer to?
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Study Notes
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
- Current conditions of the Philippines are a potential topic for writing.
- Philippine literary history spans several periods, each with distinct characteristics.
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History
- Geographic: Geographical settings and environments influence literary pieces.
- Linguistic: Literary pieces are creatively and compellingly expressed in varied languages.
- Ethnic: Literary pieces reflect distinct cultures.
- The discussion should consider geographical, linguistic, and ethnic (cultural) aspects of literary characteristics, events, movements, and evolution.
Pre-Spanish Period
- Chants (Bulong): Used in witchcraft and enchantment, particularly in remote Visayan areas.
- Legends: Narrative genres of folklore, often featuring human actions believed to have occurred historically.
- Folk Tales: These tales often include elements of love, adventure, horror, and humor, with moral lessons. Examples include The Moon and The Sun.
- Epics: Long narrative poems recounting heroic achievements.
- Folk Songs: Among the oldest forms of Philippine literature, mirroring the early forms of culture and having 12 syllables. Examples include Kundiman, Kumintang, Ang Dalit or Imno, Ang Oyayi or Hele, Diana, Soliraning, and Talindaw.
Spanish Period (1521-1871)
- Literature included religious prose and poetry, as well as secular prose and poetry.
- Baybayin, the first Filipino alphabet, was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
- Christian Doctrine teachings became the foundation of religious practices.
- European legends and traditions assimilated into songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
Folk Songs
- Folk songs express Filipino artistic feelings and appreciation for beauty.
- Examples include Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.
Recreational Plays
- Recreational plays, commonly employed during the Spanish era, included Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong, Embayoka, Lagaylay, and Zarzuela.
Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)
- Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe began writing about the difficulties of colonization.
- Ilustrados were the intellectuals addressing colonization.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
- The movement was led by Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
- Rizal's writings include Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Mi Último Adios, Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos, and Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años.
- Del Pilar's writings include Kaingat Kayo and Dasalan at Tocsohan.
- Jaena's writings include Ang Fray Botod, La Hija del Fraile, Sa mga Filipino, and Everything Is Hambug.
The American Regime (1898-1944)
- American influence led Filipino writers to adopt English language.
- Jose Garcia Villa is known for his free verse.
- Philippine literature continued using Spanish and Tagalog, as well as regional dialects.
The Japanese Period (1941-1945)
- Philippine Literature was interrupted during the Japanese occupation.
- Circulation of newspapers was restricted to only 2, except for the Tribune and Philippine Review.
- Poems during this period focused on nationalism, themes of country, love and life in the barrios, religion, and the arts.
- The literary styles of Haiku, Tanaga, and Free Verse emerged during this period.
Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
- The post-liberation period was marked by the desire to express through print.
- Literary writing in vernacular Filipino became increasingly widespread.
- Writers had stronger craft knowledge and participated in political activism.
- Famous works from this period include When I See A Barong-Barong by Maximo Ramos, Plighted Word by Narciso G. Reyes, Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos, Cadaver by Alberto S. Florentino, They Called It "Brotherhood" by Maximo V. Soliven, and Kwento Ni Mabuti by Genoveva Edroza.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
- The youth advocated for change using demonstrations and expressing their sentiments through literature.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
- News reporting emphasized economic progress, discipline, culture, and tourism.
- Reporting of violent criminality, as well as rape and robberies, was not prioritized.
- Filipinos favored reading magazines and comics instead of news.
- The "Bagong Lipunan" (New Society) slogans and the topic of nation development were frequently the subject of literature.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)
- Philippines transitioned to a new nation. Political and social themes were paramount in this period's literature.
- Poems during this time often focused on the revolutionary sentiments and themes regarding true-to-life stories, grief, poverty, and aspirations for freedom.
Post-EDSA Revolution (1986-1999)
- The EDSA Revolution marked a period of renewed independence.
- Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and television programs reflected the socio-political changes.
- Newspapers such as The Inquirer, Malaya, and the People's Journal, experienced circulation growth at this time.
21st Century Period
- 21st-century literary trends reflect the needs and preferences of this generation.
- 21st-century learners are inclined towards using ICT.
- New codes and lingos are used to add flavor to produce literary pieces.
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Description
Explore the depths of Philippine literary history, focusing on the distinct characteristics shaped by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic influences. This quiz will take you through various forms of literature, including chants, legends, and folk tales from the pre-Spanish era. Discover how these elements contribute to the rich tapestry of literary expression in the Philippines.
