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Questions and Answers
What does the text suggest is the most important feature of literature?
What does the text suggest is the most important feature of literature?
How can one learn about the spirit of a nation?
How can one learn about the spirit of a nation?
What does the word 'littera' mean in Latin?
What does the word 'littera' mean in Latin?
According to Arsenia Tan, what does literature represent?
According to Arsenia Tan, what does literature represent?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of literature?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of literature?
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What is the name of the period of Philippine literature preceding the Spanish colonization?
What is the name of the period of Philippine literature preceding the Spanish colonization?
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The text mentions that the Philippines has a rich literary history with how many major periods?
The text mentions that the Philippines has a rich literary history with how many major periods?
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What is the significance of reading literature?
What is the significance of reading literature?
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Flashcards
Definition of Literature
Definition of Literature
Literature refers to a collection of texts or works of art, often characterized by imaginative expressions and aesthetic form.
Origin of the word 'Literature'
Origin of the word 'Literature'
The term 'literature' comes from the Latin word 'littera', meaning 'letter'.
Nature of Literature
Nature of Literature
Literature involves writing that interprets the meanings of nature and life with charm, power, and personal touch.
Functions of Literature
Functions of Literature
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Major periods of Philippine Literature
Major periods of Philippine Literature
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Importance of Literature
Importance of Literature
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Baybayin
Baybayin
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Robert Frost on Literature
Robert Frost on Literature
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Study Notes
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
- The study covers literature from the Philippines and globally.
- The focus is on 21st-century literature.
- Discussion of the meaning and importance of literature, Philippine literary history, and construction of Filipino words is included in the curriculum.
What is Literature?
- Literature is defined as "acquaintance with letters" (from the Latin word littera meaning letter) by the Oxford English Dictionary.
- Literature is also defined as a collection of texts or works of art.
- Alternatively, literature can be described as the class of writing characterized by imaginative expressions, aesthetic form, the universality of ideas and permanence, as exemplified by fiction, poetry, and drama.
- Literature may also refer to any printed material.
- Literature is a "performance in words" - Robert Frost
- Literature interprets the meanings of nature and life touched with the personality of the author in artistic forms of permanent relevance - Henry Van Dyke
- Literature presents human experience - Arsenia Tan (University of Santo Tomas)
- A nation's spirit can be understood by reading its literature.- Croghan (1997)
Learning Objectives
- Students will be able to discuss the significance and meaning of literature.
- In addition, they will learn the geographical, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history during the precolonial period.
- Creating Filipino words using Baybayin is also a part of the curriculum.
Pre-Colonial Period
- The early Filipinos had a native alphabet called baybayin.
- Baybayin was in a similar style to Sanskrit.
- Early writing utilized the baybayin script to express literary forms such as poems, songs, riddles and proverbs.
- Early written material was transmitted orally.
- Spanish chroniclers and scholars later transcribed this material into the Roman alphabet.
- The baybayin script is believed to have been largely lost due to its replacement by the Roman alphabet.
Literary Forms
- Forms of oral literature include riddles and proverbs.
- Folk songs include lullabies, drinking songs, love songs, songs of death, and religious songs.
- Folk tales include myths, legends, fables, and epics.
- Examples of Tagalog literary forms include awit or song (16 different forms for different occasions), uyayi or hele (lullabies), soliranin (songs for travelers), talindaw (seafarers' songs), kumintang (war songs), maluway (songs for collective labor), kundiman (melancholic love songs), dalit (song-rituals), panambitan (courtship song), pamanhikan (courtship ritual song for marriage), and subli (dance-ritual song of courtship and marriage).
- Ilocano forms of songs might include dallot, duayya, dung-aw (dirge/wake song), bagbagto (song ritual for harvest), kanta, and kalusan.
- Laji – a lyric song rendition from Ivatan
Literary Forms – Continued
- Ambahan – a seven-syllable poem from the Hanunoo-Mangyan in Mindoro is noted for its rhyme and metaphor.
- Salawikain (Sawikain) – used for Tagalog proverbs
- Sarsarita – Ilonggo term for proverbs
Epics (Ethno-epics)
- Almost all major Philippine ethnic groups have epic poems that are chanted during rituals. Many remain unwritten.
- Examples of epic poems include:
- Aliguyon (Ifugao, translated by Amador Daguio)
- Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano, composite text by Leopoldo Yabes)
- Labaw Donggon (Sulod)
- Agyu or Olahing or Ulahingan (Manobos)
- Sandayo (Subanun)
- Common Characteristics of Filipino Epics
- Naming conventions that relate to song or chant.
- Episodic structure with repetitions.
- Supernatural characters.
- Reflecting the society of their origin.
- Vehicles for transmitting customs and wisdom
- Multiple versions and stories
Other Epics
- Bantugan (Maranao)
- Darangan (Muslim Epic)
- Kudaman (Palawan)
- Ibalon (Bikol)
- Tuwaang (Manobo)
Additional Information
- The story of Bernardo Carpio is considered a Tagalog epic but is not formally recognized.
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Description
This quiz explores the rich tapestry of 21st-century literature, focusing on works from both the Philippines and the global context. It highlights the significance of literature, discusses Philippine literary history, and examines the construction of Filipino language. Brush up on your understanding of literary concepts and their applications!
