respiratory diseases

There is a constant ______ of blood through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.

Emphysema is usually caused by long-term exposure to ______ particles in the air.

Smokers constantly inhale ______ in tobacco smoke.

People who work in situations where a lot of ______ is produced are also at risk.

The irritating particles cause damage to the ______.

The lungs are constantly ______, and breathing out no longer occurs passively.

Emphysema sufferers have difficulty in ______ the lungs.

Emphysema cannot be ______, and once lung damage begins, the progression of the disease cannot be stopped.

Air flows from places of higher pressure to places of lower pressure; therefore, air flows into and out of the lungs due to differences in air ______.

The process of taking air into the lungs is called ______, or inhalation.

For air to flow into the lungs, the pressure of air in the lungs must be less than the atmospheric pressure ______ the body.

Decreasing the pressure of air in the lungs is achieved by increasing the ______ of the lungs.

To increase the volume of the lungs, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles ______.

The ______ system allows gas exchange.

Ventilation, or breathing, is the process by which air is moved into and out of the ______.

The process by which air is moved into and out of the lungs is called ______, or breathing.

Lung cancer is similar to most other ______ in that it involves the development of a mass of cells that divides in an uncontrolled way.

Evidence shows clear links between lung cancer and exposure to ______ fibres and other pollutants.

Tobacco ______ poses by far the greatest risk for lung cancer.

The most common form of lung cancer begins in the walls of the ______ passages, usually the bronchi.

Inhaled smoke particles constantly irritate the ______ membrane that lines the air passages.

Trapped mucus causes rupture of the ______.

Ultimately, a cancerous growth develops in an air passage and may spread to other parts of the ______.

______ is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms.

Air passes through the ______ going to and from the lungs.

The ______ contains the vocal cords, which can vibrate to make sound.

The ______ is lined with a mucous membrane and cells with cilia.

The ______ move the rib cage upwards and outwards to increase the volume of the chest cavity and thus the lungs when breathing in.

The ______ contract and flatten downwards, thereby increasing the volume of the chest cavity and lungs, during breathing in.

The ______ are tiny air sacs that make up most of the lung.

The alveoli have very thin walls that are well supplied with ______ capillaries for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The lungs are covered by a ______ membrane that also lines the inside of the chest.

The ______ fluid between the two layers holds the lungs against the inside of the chest.

The lungs occupy all the chest cavity, except the space taken up by the ______.

The ______ becomes flatter and the rib cage moves upwards and outwards, increasing the volume of the chest cavity.

As the pleura adheres to the internal wall of the chest cavity, the ______ expand with the expanding chest cavity.

Increased lung volume means that the air pressure inside the ______ is slightly lower than the pressure outside.

Air flows in through the ______ and trachea until the pressure becomes equal.

During normal, quiet breathing, the ______ is mainly responsible for the changes in chest volume.

Movements of the ______ become more important during heavier breathing.

Expiration occurs in the ______ way to inspiration.

Air flows out through the ______ and nose until the pressures are equal.