Podcast
Questions and Answers
Analytic philosophy is a term that began to dominate English-speaking countries in the ______ century.
Analytic philosophy is a term that began to dominate English-speaking countries in the ______ century.
20th
Elizabeth Anscombe is a famous British ______ philosopher known for her work in moral and political philosophy.
Elizabeth Anscombe is a famous British ______ philosopher known for her work in moral and political philosophy.
analytic
Bertrand Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in ______.
Bertrand Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in ______.
1950
Russell argued that philosophy is a necessary study that complements ______.
Russell argued that philosophy is a necessary study that complements ______.
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In her most well-known paper, Anscombe opposed Truman's use of the atomic ______.
In her most well-known paper, Anscombe opposed Truman's use of the atomic ______.
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Russell's classification of knowledge is defined as a 'belief which is in agreement with the ______.'
Russell's classification of knowledge is defined as a 'belief which is in agreement with the ______.'
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Russell's work often prompts readers to think critically about the ______ and limitations of knowledge.
Russell's work often prompts readers to think critically about the ______ and limitations of knowledge.
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Hannah Arendt's book, 'The Origins of ______', explains how totalitarian movements are possible.
Hannah Arendt's book, 'The Origins of ______', explains how totalitarian movements are possible.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Philosophical Investigations' focuses on the concept of ______ and its role in communication.
Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Philosophical Investigations' focuses on the concept of ______ and its role in communication.
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The notion of 'woman' as defined by some feminist theory implies systematic ______ along various dimensions.
The notion of 'woman' as defined by some feminist theory implies systematic ______ along various dimensions.
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Logical ______ is a philosophy that combines empiricism with rationalism and logical constructs.
Logical ______ is a philosophy that combines empiricism with rationalism and logical constructs.
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Catherine Wilson wrote about the intersection of feminism and ______.
Catherine Wilson wrote about the intersection of feminism and ______.
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Deviant logic is used to describe logics based on ______, implying vagueness in true and false.
Deviant logic is used to describe logics based on ______, implying vagueness in true and false.
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Fuzzy logic refers to any logic dealing with ______, where truth values are not just true or false.
Fuzzy logic refers to any logic dealing with ______, where truth values are not just true or false.
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Fred Dretske's work explores the relationship between ______, knowledge, and belief.
Fred Dretske's work explores the relationship between ______, knowledge, and belief.
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Martin Heidegger's book 'On Time and ______' delves into fundamental existential themes.
Martin Heidegger's book 'On Time and ______' delves into fundamental existential themes.
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Neopragmatism is often seen as a postmodern version of ______, challenging previous philosophical paradigms.
Neopragmatism is often seen as a postmodern version of ______, challenging previous philosophical paradigms.
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The first problem with civilized society addressed by Matthew is the mastery of ______.
The first problem with civilized society addressed by Matthew is the mastery of ______.
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In Bertrand Russell's view, ethics are hindered by a desire for ______ and simplicity.
In Bertrand Russell's view, ethics are hindered by a desire for ______ and simplicity.
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Russell's theory states that truth consists in the ______ of our statements with the facts.
Russell's theory states that truth consists in the ______ of our statements with the facts.
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George Grant is known for his critique of ______ technological progress.
George Grant is known for his critique of ______ technological progress.
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Harold Innis emphasized that the relative stability of cultures depends on the balance of ______ media.
Harold Innis emphasized that the relative stability of cultures depends on the balance of ______ media.
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Innis characterizes speech as a ______-biased medium.
Innis characterizes speech as a ______-biased medium.
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The second problem that Russell identifies in ethics is the dread of ______ which are felt to be immoral.
The second problem that Russell identifies in ethics is the dread of ______ which are felt to be immoral.
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For Iqbal, a key aspect of his philosophy is the concept of ______, which emphasizes selfhood.
For Iqbal, a key aspect of his philosophy is the concept of ______, which emphasizes selfhood.
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Edmund Gettier challenges the traditional notion of ______ true belief.
Edmund Gettier challenges the traditional notion of ______ true belief.
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The second theory of truth presented by Russell states that truth is the property of ______.
The second theory of truth presented by Russell states that truth is the property of ______.
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Marshall McLuhan is famous for his assertion that ______ is the message.
Marshall McLuhan is famous for his assertion that ______ is the message.
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Grant's political philosophy emphasizes community, equality, and ______.
Grant's political philosophy emphasizes community, equality, and ______.
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According to Russell, philosophy is often overshadowed by ______ when definitive answers are found.
According to Russell, philosophy is often overshadowed by ______ when definitive answers are found.
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In Innis's view, space-biased media are characterized as light and ______.
In Innis's view, space-biased media are characterized as light and ______.
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Iqbal believes that misunderstanding knowledge can lead to ______ and corruption in society.
Iqbal believes that misunderstanding knowledge can lead to ______ and corruption in society.
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What is a central thesis of Bertrand Russell's philosophy regarding the study of knowledge?
What is a central thesis of Bertrand Russell's philosophy regarding the study of knowledge?
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What argument is made by Elizabeth Anscombe concerning the moral implications of warfare?
What argument is made by Elizabeth Anscombe concerning the moral implications of warfare?
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How does Bertrand Russell characterize the definition of knowledge?
How does Bertrand Russell characterize the definition of knowledge?
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What common misconception does Anscombe challenge in her discourse on morality?
What common misconception does Anscombe challenge in her discourse on morality?
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Which of the following statements reflects Bertrand Russell's viewpoint on the value of philosophy?
Which of the following statements reflects Bertrand Russell's viewpoint on the value of philosophy?
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In her paper, what does Elizabeth Anscombe emphasize regarding the consequences of modern warfare?
In her paper, what does Elizabeth Anscombe emphasize regarding the consequences of modern warfare?
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What does Russell imply is a limitation of defining knowledge purely in terms of belief?
What does Russell imply is a limitation of defining knowledge purely in terms of belief?
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According to Bertrand Russell, what role should knowledge play in relation to philosophy?
According to Bertrand Russell, what role should knowledge play in relation to philosophy?
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What is the central concept defined in feminist theory regarding the notion of 'woman'?
What is the central concept defined in feminist theory regarding the notion of 'woman'?
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What is a key characteristic of logical positivism?
What is a key characteristic of logical positivism?
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Which argument is primarily associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein's work?
Which argument is primarily associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein's work?
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In 'The Origins of Totalitarianism', what does Hannah Arendt suggest is a driving force behind totalitarian movements?
In 'The Origins of Totalitarianism', what does Hannah Arendt suggest is a driving force behind totalitarian movements?
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Neopragmatism challenges which philosophical notion?
Neopragmatism challenges which philosophical notion?
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Catherine Wilson addresses the relationship between feminism and which philosophical area?
Catherine Wilson addresses the relationship between feminism and which philosophical area?
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What does fuzzy logic primarily address?
What does fuzzy logic primarily address?
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What aspect of historical contextualism in logic is emphasized by Rose Rand?
What aspect of historical contextualism in logic is emphasized by Rose Rand?
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What does Susan Haack's notion of 'deviant logic' involve?
What does Susan Haack's notion of 'deviant logic' involve?
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How does John Dewey's philosophy relate to societal reconstruction?
How does John Dewey's philosophy relate to societal reconstruction?
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What does Bertrand Russell identify as a critical problem in ethics?
What does Bertrand Russell identify as a critical problem in ethics?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of Innis's theory regarding communication media?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Innis's theory regarding communication media?
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Bertrand Russell's second theory of truth posits that truth is based on what?
Bertrand Russell's second theory of truth posits that truth is based on what?
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What aspect of philosophical inquiry does George Grant critique?
What aspect of philosophical inquiry does George Grant critique?
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According to Iqbal, which concept forms a foundation for his philosophy?
According to Iqbal, which concept forms a foundation for his philosophy?
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What are the identified 'three evils' according to Russell's exploration of ethics?
What are the identified 'three evils' according to Russell's exploration of ethics?
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Which term best describes media that aids in the organization and control of information over time?
Which term best describes media that aids in the organization and control of information over time?
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What is the importance of the scientific method in philosophy according to Russell?
What is the importance of the scientific method in philosophy according to Russell?
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Which philosopher emphasizes the significance of communication technologies in relation to cultural stability?
Which philosopher emphasizes the significance of communication technologies in relation to cultural stability?
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How does Russell propose we understand truth in the coherence theory?
How does Russell propose we understand truth in the coherence theory?
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What does Gettier's work focus on regarding knowledge?
What does Gettier's work focus on regarding knowledge?
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Which aspect does McLuhan emphasize regarding media?
Which aspect does McLuhan emphasize regarding media?
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What is Iqbal's stance on knowledge in relation to religious and scientific teachings?
What is Iqbal's stance on knowledge in relation to religious and scientific teachings?
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Study Notes
20th Century Philosophy Seminar - Study Notes
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Analytic Philosophy: A dominant philosophical style in English-speaking countries during the 20th century. A specific style of philosophy that dominated England and other English-speaking countries during the 20th century.
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Elizabeth Anscombe (MMP): A British analytic philosopher. Argued against the morality of the atomic bomb, asserting that human society is critical to human well-being. Known for "Modern Moral Philosophy."
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Bertrand Russell (Problems of Philosophy): A prominent philosopher, mathematician, and social critic. Advocated for the necessity of philosophy as a pursuit of knowledge, complementing science.
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Bertrand Russell (Theory of Knowledge): Defined knowledge as a belief aligned with facts, but recognized the difficulty in defining 'belief,' 'fact', and the agreement between them for truth. The definition of knowledge is problematic.
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Bertrand Russell (Philosophy for Laymen): Highlighted two societal challenges: mastering natural forces (resolved through science) and utilizing this mastery optimally, needing philosophical insight beyond science. Two problems of civilised society; mastering natural forces and then best utilising this.
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Bertrand Russell (The Meaning of Good): Discussed problems in ethical reasoning, citing systemic simplification and fear of immoral consequences. Emphasized difficulty in defining good, and suggested possible sources in natural objects and pleasure. Ethics suffer from the desire for system and simplicity, fear of immoral consequences.
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Bertrand Russell (What is Truth): Proposed three truth theories: correspondence (agreement with facts), property (facts are truth regardless of belief), and coherence (understanding the truth as a whole concept). Three theories on nature of truth.
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Bertrand Russell (On Scientific Method in Philosophy): Attempted to align philosophy with the scientific method. Scientific method in philosophy.
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George Grant (Nietzsche and the Ancients): Known for Canadian nationalism, conservatism, and critique of technology's societal impact. Associated time with an eternal order illuminated by love. Known for Canadian nationalism and conservatism.
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George Grant (Philosophy in the Mass Age): No specific thesis provided in the text.
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Harold Innis (The Bias of Communications): Focuses on communication technologies' influence on societies & culture, with a bias either towards time or space, and their influence on social hierarchy & expansion of power. Stability of cultures depends on balance and proportion of their media. Three basic questions are posed: How do specific communication technologies operate? What assumptions do they take from and contribute to society? What forms of power do they encourage?
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Marshall McLuhan (The Medium is the Message): No specific thesis provided in the text.
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Muhammad Iqbal (Epistemology): Discussed the reconstruction of religious thought, particularly focusing on epistemology within Islamic teachings to address social problems and avoid misinterpretations of religion/science. Muslims are facing serious social problems, and the understanding of knowledge seems to be against Islamic teachings. His reconstruction of religious thought stands on three main pillars; metaphysics, epistemology, and law.
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Edmund Gettier (Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?): Introduced a paradigm for justified true belief, laying out the conditions of true belief for knowledge. Conditions for a belief to be justified.
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Sally Haslanger (Resisting Reality): Developed a definition of "woman" based on systematic subordination due to perceived bodily features. Her work focused on persistence through change, objective/subjectivity, and a theory of gender. Definition of 'woman' based on systematic subordination by observed or imagined bodily features.
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Fred Dretske (Perception, Knowledge, and Belief Selected Essays): No specific thesis provided in the text.
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Susan Haack (Deviant Logic): Investigated fuzzy logic as a logic of vagueness, exploring its relationship to and divergence from traditional logics. Investigated fuzzy logic.
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Rose Rand (A Woman in Logic): Explored how social factors influence the development of logic, including contributions from women and historical interpretations of scientific developments. Historical contextual approach to logic takes social factors into account.
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Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigations): Proposed a language-based model where language serves communication by defining and categorizing building materials. Language serves communication.
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John Dewey (Reconstruction in Philosophy): No specific thesis provided in the text.
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Martin Heidegger (On Time and Being): No specific thesis provided in the text.
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Hannah Arendt (The Origins of Totalitarianism): Explains how totalitarian movements can form by assessing politically indifferent masses as a key component. Totalitarian movements are possible where masses lack consciousness of common interest. Politically indifferent masses do not matter.
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Catherine Wilson (Feminism and Pragmatism): No specific thesis provided in the text.
Seminar Topics - Study Questions
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Relevance today: How do these 20th-century philosophers’ ideas apply to current social and political issues? How do their ideas apply today?
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Comparison/Contrast: What are the similarities and differences between various schools of thought? What are the differences and similarities between different schools?
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Most appealing idea: Which philosophical concept resonates with you the most, and why? What philosophy ideas resonate most with you?
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Determining truth: How can we validate assertions and evaluate knowledge claims? How can we validate and evaluate knowledge claims concerning truth?
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Philosophy's impact on history: How does philosophical thought shape our understanding of past events? How does philosophy shape our understanding of past events?
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Ethics vs. morals: What differentiates between the two terms, and what are their interrelations (if any)? What are the differences between ethics and morals and how are they related, if at all?
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Belief's impact: How does belief influence life decisions, knowledge acquisition, the recording of history, and ethics? How does belief influence different areas?
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Interpretations and ethics: How do interpretations of historical occurrences affect our moral and ethical reasoning? How do interpretations of history impact moral and ethical reasoning?
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Description
Explore the key concepts and figures of 20th century philosophy through this seminar study guide. Delve into the works of analytic philosophers like Elizabeth Anscombe and Bertrand Russell, and their critiques on morality, knowledge, and the role of philosophy in society. Gain insights into the philosophical challenges posed by modern advancements.
