20th Century Literature: Authors, Themes, and Styles
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Questions and Answers

Match the author with their notable work from the early 20th century:

Hugh Lofting = The Story of Doctor Dolittle A.A. Milne = Winnie-the-Pooh Laura Ingalls Wilder = Little House in the Big Woods P.L. Travers = Mary Poppins

Match the author with the series of books they wrote:

C.S. Lewis = The Chronicles of Narnia J.R.R. Tolkien = The Lord of the Rings E.B. White = Charlotte's Web Roald Dahl = Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Match the author with the themes prevalent in their books:

Roald Dahl = Dark humor and imaginative plots Judy Blume = Realistic portrayals of adolescence J.K. Rowling = Fantasy and coming-of-age Lois Lowry = Dystopian societies and ethical questions

Match the author to the character they created:

<p>A.A. Milne = Winnie-the-Pooh Hugh Lofting = Doctor Dolittle E.B. White = Charlotte J.K. Rowling = Harry Potter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the author with the genre that defines their work:

<p>J.R.R. Tolkien = Fantasy Judy Blume = Realistic Fiction Roald Dahl = Children's Literature Lois Lowry = Dystopian Fiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the author with the era that their work was produced:

<p>Frances Hodgson Burnett = Early 20th Century C.S. Lewis = Mid 20th Century Roald Dahl = Late 20th Century J.K. Rowling = Modern Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the late 20th-century author with their distinct writing style:

<p>J.K. Rowling = Complex magical worlds and character development Lois Lowry = Exploration of societal norms and ethical dilemmas Louis Sachar = Humorous narratives with clever plots Philip Pullman = Philosophical themes in a fantasy setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary work with the element or moral it emphasizes:

<p>The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe = Good versus evil and Christian allegory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory = Consequences of greed and moral behavior Harry Potter = Importance of friendship and courage The Giver = Value of memory and the dangers of utopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary characteristics with the historical period they are most associated with:

<p>Focus on truth and beauty, direct expressions = Classical Period Religious focus and biblical stories = Medieval Period Use of archetypal characters and moral messages = Classical Period Stories of saints used to teach children = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relate the literary works with their period of origin:

<p>Homer's 'Iliad and Odyssey' = Classical Period Stories of saints = Medieval Period Aesop's Fables = Classical Period Biblical stories = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the themes with their corresponding period:

<p>Exploration of human conditions and experiences = Classical Period Moral teachings through religion = Medieval Period Portrayal of memorable characters and distinct protagonists = Classical Period Emphasis on biblical figures and stories of saints = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary elements to the period they represent:

<p>Use of metaphors, symbolism, hyperbole = Classical Period Romantic themes with embedded realism and fantasy = Medieval Period Juxtaposition and irony = Classical Period Focus on biblical narratives = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the educational focus with the period it originated from:

<p>Stories of Hercules and myths as education = Classical Period Biblical stories and stories of saints as education = Medieval Period Learning values through epics = Classical Period Moral education dominated by the Roman Catholic Church = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the writing style with the historical period:

<p>Subtle in thought, adheres to form = Classical Period Romantic with embedded realism and fantasy = Medieval Period Direct expressions, use of figurative languages = Classical Period Highly biblical stories = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the purpose of storytelling to the correct period:

<p>To establish relationships and entertain the young ones = Classical Period To teach morals, especially to children = Medieval Period To introduce tradition, culture, and values = Classical Period To heavily influence education with religion = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the authors with their notable works from the provided text:

<p>Hans Christian Andersen = The Little Mermaid Lewis Carroll = Alice in Wonderland Louisa May Alcott = Little Women Frank Baum = The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group the characteristics of the protagonist with their corresponding period:

<p>Archetypal with notable characteristics = Classical Period Biblical figures and saints = Medieval Period Representing human conditions or virtues = Classical Period Based on religious models = Medieval Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biblical stories with their respective themes:

<p>Noah and the Great Flood = Divine judgment and restoration of humanity. Cain and Abel = Fratricide and the consequences of sin. Adam and Eve = Original sin and the loss of innocence. Tower of Babel = Human arrogance and the division of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary work to its period.

<p>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn = Victorian Age Alice's Adventures in Wonderland = Victorian Age The Tale of Peter Rabbit = Edwardian Era The Princess and the Pea = N/A (Prior to Victorian Era)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary work with its theme.

<p>The Ugly Duckling = Self-discovery and acceptance Emperor's New Clothes = Critique of vanity and societal norms Little Women = Family, love, and personal growth Treasure Island = Adventure and morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the medieval literary characters with their cultural origin:

<p>King Arthur = British Roland = French Cid = Spanish Beowulf = Norse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figures with their contributions to literature during the Medieval Period:

<p>Aldhelm = Wrote verses and riddles for children's books. Alfred the Great = Translated Latin literature into Anglo-Saxon. Ansel = Published the Bible. William Caxton = Created the first printing press and published various fables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the elements with its description in the Edwardian Era:

<p>Cultural change = Shifted the focus towards the child Children's Literature = became more subjective Defining mood of the period = that ‘a child is central to childhood.’ Peter Pan = A popular piece during this period</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the books with the virtues they teach according to Renaissance literature:

<p>The Book Named the Governor by Sir Thomas Elyot = Leadership qualities. The Scholemaster by Roger Ascham = Proper manners and behavior for young boys. Aesop's Fables by William Caxton = Moral lessons through animal characters. The Bible by Archbishop Ansel = Religious virtues and doctrines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the authors with the general audience of their work:

<p>Beatrix Potter = Children Jane Austen = Adults Frank Baum = Children M. Cooper = Adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the technological and cultural developments with their impacts during the Renaissance period:

<p>The Crusades = Opened trading with Asian countries, introducing new ideas to Europe. The Printing Press = Allowed multiple production of books, spreading information easily. Reintroduction of Roman and Greek Literature = Emphasized intellectual and spiritual growth. Growing numbers of Protestant members = Created religious conflict with the Roman Catholics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

<p>Didactic = Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive. Subjective = Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions Modern Fantasy = A literary genre where stories take place in a world that is not real. Genre = A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characters to the literary work in which they appear:

<p>Beowulf = <code>Beowulf</code> King Arthur = <code>The Legend of King Arthur and his Knights</code> Roland = <code>The Song of Roland</code> El Cid = <code>El Cid</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary work to elements in the period:

<p>The Railway Children = Edwardian Era The Adventures of Tom Sawyer = Victorian Age The Snow Queen = N/A(Prior to Victorian Era) The Wind in the Willows = Edwardian Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical/social aspect with the era:

<p>Rapid change and advancement in medicine = Victorian Age Modern fantasy = Victorian Age Child central to childhood = Edwardian Era Children's literature became more subjective = Edwardian Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theme to the definition of the subject:

<p>Oral Tradition = Stories passed down through generations by word of mouth. Renaissance = A period of intellectual and artistic revival in Europe. Medieval Period = The period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance Printing Press = A device for mechanically printing text or images onto paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stories with their central themes:

<p><code>Beowulf</code> = Heroism and battles against monstrous foes. <code>King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table</code> = Chivalry, justice, and the quest for the Holy Grail. <code>The Song of Roland</code> = Loyalty, courage, and the clash of cultures. <code>Aesop's Fables</code> = Presenting moral lessons through stories featuring animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the book with its primary purpose or description from the provided text:

<p>Book of Martyrs = Depicts conflict and violent deaths, popular among school children. Orbis Sensualium Pictus = Used to teach Latin through pictures. Chapbooks = Cheaper books containing fairy tales, available to those who couldn't afford more expensive books. Hornbook = Stories written on wood, typically containing prayers and biblical stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the individual with their contribution to children's literature or education:

<p>John Comenius = Authored 'Orbis Sensualium Pictus', using pictures to teach Latin. John Locke = His essay influenced the idea that children's minds are blank slates open to education. Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Advocated for simplicity in life and inspired didactic writing for children. John Newberry = Considered the 'Father of Children's Literature'; wrote books to teach and entertain children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the philosophical view with its impact on education during the 18th century:

<p>Augustinian Philosophy = Influenced instruction that was devoted to religious pursuits. John Locke's Empiricism = Promoted the idea that children's minds are blank slates, emphasizing equal opportunity to learn. Rousseau's Philosophy = Emphasized living with simplicity and influenced moralistic tales for children. General 18th Century View = Intellectual development was highly valued, and education aimed to cultivate intelligent, independent individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the tale with its origin or notable version mentioned in the text:

<p>Tales of Mother Goose = Introduced by Charles Perrault of France in 1697 and translated into English. Beauty and the Beast = Retold by Mme. De Beaumont. Aladdin and His Lamp = Included in 'Arabian Nights,' published by Elizabeth Newberry. Sleeping Beauty = A popular fairytale that became well-known during the 18th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description related to books and education in the 17th-18th centuries:

<p>Velum = Material, typically calf or lambskin, used for pages in books like the Hornbook. Hornbook = A book with stories written on a piece of wood, pages protected by transparent horn. Chapbooks = Cheaper books containing fairy tales, appealing to those who couldn't afford more expensive options. Didactic Writing = Writing intended to teach a moral lesson or instruction, often seen in children's literature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the children's literature element with its corresponding description or example:

<p>Fairytales = Stories such as 'Cinderella' and 'Little Red Riding Hood' that gained popularity. Moralistic Tales = Stories designed to teach children about right and wrong, influenced by Rousseau's philosophy. Didactic Literature = Literature intended to instruct or teach, often seen in early children's books. Folktales = Revived during the 18th century, providing a traditional source of stories for children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the person with the appropriate description:

<p>John Foxe = Authored 'Book of Martyrs', which depicted conflict and violent deaths popular with school children. Charles Perrault = A French author who introduced 'Tales of Mother Goose' in 1697. Elizabeth Newberry = Published 'Tales from the Arabian Nights' including 'Aladdin and His Lamp' in 1791. Mme. De Beaumont = Retold the popular fairy tale 'Beauty and the Beast'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the book with its historical context from the provided passage:

<p>Book of Martyrs = Rose to prominence amid conflicts and violent deaths, becoming a staple for schoolchildren. Orbis Sensualium Pictus = Innovatively taught Latin through pictures, marking an early effort in visual education. Hornbook = Primarily featured prayers and biblical stories, demonstrating the era's focus on religious instruction. A Little Pretty Pocket-Book = Encapsulated characteristics deemed important for children in the 18th century, blending instruction with amusement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oral Storytelling

Stories passed down verbally through generations.

Classical Period

Period from 500 BC to 400 AD, known for Greek and Roman literature.

Myths

Stories of gods, goddesses, and the creation of the world.

Epics

Long narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds.

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Classical Literature

Literature characterized by subtle thought, direct expression, and moral messages.

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Memorable Characters

Characters with notable characteristics that leave a lasting impression.

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Figurative Language

Uses literary devices like metaphors, similes, and personification to enhance writing.

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Medieval Period

Period from the fall of the Roman Empire (478 AD) to the 14th century, influenced by religion.

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Oral Tradition

Stories passed down through generations by word of mouth.

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King Arthur

A famous medieval tale of a noble king and his brave knights.

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Roland and Cid

Heroic stories from France and Spain, respectively.

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Renaissance Period

A time of rebirth of interest in classical art and literature.

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Printing Press

A device that allows the multiple productions of books.

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Crusades

Opened trading in Asian countries, which brought new ideas to European countries.

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"The Scholemaster"

A book on courtesy that emphasized proper manners and behavior for young boys.

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Religious conflict

Conflicts that were created as a result of the growing numbers of Protestant members.

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"Book of Martyrs"

A book that depicted conflict and violent deaths, becoming famous among school children.

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"Orbis Sensualism"

A book by John Comenius using pictures to teach Latin.

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Chapbooks

Cheap booklets containing fairy tales, affordable for those who couldn't buy expensive books.

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Hornbook

A wooden paddle-shaped book with stories and prayers protected by a transparent horn.

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Tabula Rasa

The idea that children are born with minds like blank slates, ready to be imprinted upon by education.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Emphasized simplicity & greatly influenced didactic writing for children, believing they are inherently good.

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John Newberry

Considered the Father of Children's Literature; wrote books to both teach and entertain children.

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Tales of Mother Goose

A collection of fairy tales introduced by Charles Perrault and translated into English becoming very popular tale.

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Hans Christian Andersen

Author of fairy tales like "The Little Mermaid" and "The Ugly Duckling."

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Victorian Age (Children's Lit)

A period where modern fantasy emerged and children's literature flourished.

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Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" Impact

A shift away from strict teaching towards imagination and enjoyment of writing.

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Boys' Stories (19th Century)

These dominated children's stories in the mid-19th century.

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"Little Women"

Books in the 19th century showcasing strong female characters and moral lessons.

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"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"

A classic U.S. modern fantasy for young readers.

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Edwardian Era (Children's Lit)

This era considered the idea that “a child is central to childhood."

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J.M Barrie

Stories such as "Peter Pan", which was extremely popular during this period.

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20th Century Children's Literature

Era of the fantasy genre emergence in children's books.

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Winnie-the-Pooh

Series featuring personified toy animals.

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Charlotte's Web

Classic that featured a definitive animal fantasy

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Roald Dahl

A British author who produced 'James and the Giant Peach'

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Judy Blume

Novels dealing with the issues of adolescence

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Harry Potter

A series that became a successful movie.

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The Giver

A novel that became famous in modern days

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Rise of New Realism

New approach in children's books after World War II.

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Study Notes

  • Literary works began with ancient oral storytelling
  • Stories were shared to comfort, build relationships, entertain, teach, and introduce religion, tradition, culture, and values
  • From 500 BC to 400 AD, the classical period occurred
  • Children heard the same stories as adults, including those about Hercules, Aesop's fables, Homer's "Iliad and Odyssey," Ovid's metamorphosis, gods, goddesses, and world creation
  • Classical literature is Greek and Roman, including myths and epics
  • Literary works are subtle in thought, use direct expressions, adhere to form, portray archetypal characters, and carry a moral message

Common Elements of Literary works during the Classical Period

  • Memorable characters and distinct protagonists
  • Exploration of human experiences, conditions, and forces
  • Figurative languages like metaphors, symbolism, hyperbole, simile, personification, irony, and juxtaposition
  • Literature provides a connection to nature and cultural understanding of the past

Medieval Period (Middle Ages)

  • Literature was religious, biblical, romantic, realistic, and fantastical
  • Stories taught morals
  • Started in 478 AD with the fall of the Roman Empire and the weakening of European civilization, stretching to the 14th century
  • Religion, particularly the Roman Catholic Church, had a huge influence on education
  • Biblical stories taught religious themes
  • Common stories: Noah's Ark, Cane and Abel, Adam and Eve, Tower of Babel
  • Heroic adventures aided the spread of Catholic teaching
  • Books were chained up to prevent stealing because they were expensive
  • Oral storytelling was used for entertainment
  • Storytellers recited stories and poems

Literary works of the Medieval Period

  • "King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table"
  • "Roland" from France and "Cid" from Spain became prominent characters
  • "Beowulf" and Grendel, the beast
  • Monks wrote lesson books for young people, marking the beginning of written literary works
  • Bishop of Sherborne, Aldhelm (640-700 A.D), wrote books for children with verses and riddles
  • Alfred the Great (349-399 A.D.) translated literature from Latin to Anglo-Saxon
  • Archbishop of Canterbury, Ansel (1033-1109 A.D.) published the Bible
  • William Caxton (1476) created the first printer and published Aesop's fables, "The Legend of King Arthur and his knights", Song of Roland, etc.

Renaissance Period

  • From 1400 to 1700 (14th to 16th century), new period in Europe where new ideas formed
  • Emphasis on intellectual and spiritual development
  • Crusades opened Asian trade, introducing new ideas to Europe.
  • Stronger rulers established stable kingdoms
  • Johannes Guttenberg invented printing press, which allowed many more books to be produced and spread knowledge
  • Educational books were printed, especially for younger readers

Literary works of the Renaissance Period

  • Sir Thomas Elyot: "The Book Named the Governor" (1531)
  • Roger Ascham: "The Scholemaster" (1570), which promoted good manners for young boys
  • John Foxe's "Book of Martyrs", which depicted the violence between Protestant and Catholics
  • John Comenius: "Orbis Sensualism" (teaching Latin through pictures)
  • Mass education emerged due to book production being easier
  • Chapbooks were cheap books that included fairytales
  • Hornbook became popular: stories written on wood with a square shape, covered with velum and transparent horn

18th Century

  • Books were produced to emphasize morals and teach children
  • Augustinian philosophy had a great influence on teaching children
  • Emphasis was placed on intellect
  • A popular belief was that Children minds were blank slates (John Locke) and that all could learn
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau advocated for simplicity
  • Moralistic tales and didactic writing became popular
  • John Newberry is considered the Father of Children's Literature
  • "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book" by John Newberry taught and entertained children
  • Folktales and fairytales from the 18th century were revived
  • Charles Perrault introduced "Tales of Mother Goose" (1697) which was later translated to English
  • "Sleeping Beauty," "Cinderella," "Little Red Riding Hood,"
  • Mme. De Beaumont retold "Beauty and the Beast"
  • Elizabeth Newberry published Tales from the "Arabian Nights" like "Aladdin and His Lamp" and "Sinbad the Sailor"
  • Hans Christian Anderson wrote, "The Princess and the Pea," "The Little Mermaid”, “The Nightingale,” “The Steadfast Soldiers," etc
  • Gender perception and social change occurred in literature
  • M. Cooper and M. Boreman wrote "The Christmas-Box", and Jane Austin

The Victorian Age

  • Characterized by modern fantasy (1837-1901)
  • Advances in medicine, science, and technology occurred
  • The rise of women led to literary works for children
  • Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" (1865) broke from didactic ideas
  • Domination in boys' literature occurred around the mid 19th century
  • Louis Stevenson ("Treasure Island"), Clemens ("The Adventures of Tom Sawyer")
  • Women writers include Susan Warner ("The Wide, Wide World" in 1850), and Louisa May Alcott ("Little Women" in 1868)
  • Frank Baum ("The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" in 1900)

The Edwardian Era

  • From 1901 to 1915
  • Highlighted the importance of one's childhood
  • "The Tale of Peter Rabbit" (1901), "The Phoenix and the Carpet" (1904), "The Railway Children" (1906)
  • The story of "Peter Pan" (1904), "A Wind in the Willows" (1908)
  • Other literary pieces include: Frances Hodgson Burnett's "A Little Princess (1905), and "Secret Garden" (1910)

The 20th Century

  • Fantasy writing was common
  • Picture storybooks emerged
  • Common themes were the personification of toy animals
  • Hugh Lofting "The Story of Doctor Dolittle (1920), and A.A. Milne "Winnie-the-Pooh" (1926)
  • Series books like "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" (1950), "The Hobbit", and "The Charlotte Web"
  • After World War II, new realism occurred, leading to a diversity of world cultures displayed in kid's lit
  • Roald Dahl ("James and the Giant Peach" in 1961, "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory," etc)
  • Judy Blume ("Are You There God?", "Margaret", "It's Me", "Deannie," and "Blubber" in 1970)
  • Heroes of different backgrounds were portrayed
  • Many works of literature were adapted to film
  • Writers experimented with new ideas, styles, and forms, integrating technology and science
  • J.K Rowling's "Harry Potter", Lois Lowry's "The Giver," Sachar's "Holes," and Philip Pullman's "His Dark Materials" became famous

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Explore 20th-century literature by matching authors with their works, characters, and literary styles. Relate literary works and themes to their historical periods. This includes identifying authors, works, and movements.

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