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Questions and Answers
What structures does the sinus venosus ultimately form?
What structures does the sinus venosus ultimately form?
Which structure is responsible for separating the atrioventricular canal into left and right orifices?
Which structure is responsible for separating the atrioventricular canal into left and right orifices?
In the fetus, which structure is primarily responsible for nutrient and gas exchange?
In the fetus, which structure is primarily responsible for nutrient and gas exchange?
The right horn of the sinus venosus is absorbed into which structure?
The right horn of the sinus venosus is absorbed into which structure?
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What does the left horn of the sinus venosus form?
What does the left horn of the sinus venosus form?
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What condition is related to the Chiari network?
What condition is related to the Chiari network?
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What is the Eustachian valve an embryologic remnant of?
What is the Eustachian valve an embryologic remnant of?
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Which of these variants is a remnant associated with the sinus venosus?
Which of these variants is a remnant associated with the sinus venosus?
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What structure does the Moderator band connect to in the right ventricle?
What structure does the Moderator band connect to in the right ventricle?
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Which variant is characterized by thin string-like structures in the left ventricle?
Which variant is characterized by thin string-like structures in the left ventricle?
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What is the term for the 'S'-shaped configuration of the interventricular septum as people age?
What is the term for the 'S'-shaped configuration of the interventricular septum as people age?
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From where does the left main coronary artery arise?
From where does the left main coronary artery arise?
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Fine filamentous strands commonly seen in the elderly and originating from the aortic valve are known as what?
Fine filamentous strands commonly seen in the elderly and originating from the aortic valve are known as what?
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What are the more commonly accepted components of the right ventricle?
What are the more commonly accepted components of the right ventricle?
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Which structure is an embryologic remnant related to the inferior vena cava?
Which structure is an embryologic remnant related to the inferior vena cava?
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What is the function of the false tendons in the left ventricle?
What is the function of the false tendons in the left ventricle?
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What structure is immediately after the left ventricle in the flow of oxygenated blood?
What structure is immediately after the left ventricle in the flow of oxygenated blood?
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Which arteries originate from the sinuses of Valsalva?
Which arteries originate from the sinuses of Valsalva?
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What is the area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum called?
What is the area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum called?
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Which of the following statements about veins is true?
Which of the following statements about veins is true?
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What is the role of arterioles in the circulatory system?
What is the role of arterioles in the circulatory system?
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What is the function of venules in the circulatory system?
What is the function of venules in the circulatory system?
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Which branching artery provides blood to the upper extremities?
Which branching artery provides blood to the upper extremities?
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What is NOT a function of arteries?
What is NOT a function of arteries?
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Study Notes
2009 Final Review Part 1: Basic Embryology
- The heart is the first organ to function within an embryo.
- The heart develops from two heart tubes.
- These heart tubes are composed of two layers of cells.
- The outer layer forms the myocardium.
- The inner layer forms the endocardium.
Week 3 Heart Development
- Week 3 development includes the formation of sinus venosus, primitive atrium, atrioventricular sulcus & primitive ventricle, interventricular sulcus, and bulbus cordis.
- The aorta sac will rise to form the aortic arch.
- The sinus venosus forms superior and inferior vena cava and posterior portions of the atria.
Heart Embryology
- The sinus venosus has a right and left sinus horn.
- The left horn forms the coronary sinus.
- The right horn is absorbed into the right atrium as the sinus venarum.
- The endocardial cushion forms the tricuspid and mitral valves, and parts of the atrial and ventricular septum.
Atrioventricular Canal Development
- The atrioventricular canal will divide into left and right sides, forming the mitral and tricuspid valves.
- The endocardial cushions are crucial for this division.
Fetal Circulation
- The placenta is responsible for the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products in the fetus.
Normal Variants:
- Chiari network is an embryologic remnant of the sinus venosus valves.
- Incomplete resorption causes this.
- Eustachian valve is an embryologic remnant of the inferior vena cava valve.
- Moderator band is a band-like structure connecting the interventricular septum to the right ventricle, transmitting the right bundle branch.
- False tendons are thin string-like structures in the left ventricle, connecting the septum to the papillary muscles.
- Sigmoid septum is an S-shaped septum that may bulge into the outflow tract.
- Lambl's excrescences are fine filamentous strands originating from the aortic valve, common in elderly patients; considered a degenerative change.
Coronary Arteries
- The left main coronary artery arises from the superior aspect of the left coronary sinus of Valsalva.
- The right coronary artery arises from the superior aspect of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva.
- The first two branches off the ascending aorta are the coronary arteries.
- The left coronary artery (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA) originate at the sinuses of Valsalva and travel down the outside of the heart muscle.
Order of Flow
- Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta.
- The first two branches off the ascending aorta form the coronary system.
- Branches of the aortic arch provide oxygen and nutrients to the upper extremities.
- The descending thoracic aorta travels through the chest, and the descending abdominal aorta passes through the diaphragm into the abdomen, supplying oxygen and nutrients to organs and lower extremities.
Blood Vessels in the Body
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to tissues.
- Arterioles regulate blood flow from arteries to capillaries.
- Metarterioles form branches into capillary beds.
- Capillaries connect arterioles to venules.
- Venules receive blood from capillaries and drain into larger vessels.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Network of Vessels
- Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules form the circulatory system.
- The system is divided into systemic and pulmonary circuits.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in basic embryology, specifically focusing on heart development. It encompasses critical stages such as the formation of heart structures and their layers, along with embryonic organs' functionality. Assess your understanding of the heart's embryological development processes.
