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Questions and Answers
What was the primary reason for the Age of Enlightenment?
During the Civil War in the United States, what action did President Abraham Lincoln take in 1861?
Which European power aspired to colonize Latin America and established a puppet government in Mexico?
What was one of the reasons Japan isolated itself from Europeans during this time period?
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Which Latin American country fought back against French invaders with the support of the United States of America?
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What significant impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have during the American Civil War?
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Which country signed the Treaty of Kanagawa to open trade with Americans?
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What was a major issue regarding the political situation in the Philippines as a colony of Spain?
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What term was used by the Spaniards to refer to the Filipinos, indicating racial discrimination?
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Which of the following rights were denied to the natives in the Philippines according to the Spanish Constitution of 1812?
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Why were the natives in the Philippines regarded as 'inferior beings' in terms of the judicial situation?
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What was a significant issue highlighted in terms of representation from the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes Constitution?
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What was the main issue with the rule of the friars in the Philippines according to the text?
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What was the outcome of Archbishop of Manila ordaining native priests to replace the Jesuits in the Parishes?
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Why did the natives feel degraded in terms of economic worth as mentioned in the text?
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How did the Tax Reform of 1884 impact compulsory labor (Polo y Servicios Personales) for adult Filipino males?
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What was one of Fr. Burgos' main grievances against the friars?
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Study Notes
Age of Enlightenment
- The Age of Enlightenment was primarily driven by a quest for knowledge, reason, and the questioning of traditional authority.
Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War
- In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln took decisive action to preserve the Union, including rallying troops and enacting wartime measures.
European Colonial Aspirations
- France aspired to colonize Latin America and created a puppet government in Mexico during the 1860s.
Japan's Isolation
- Japan isolated itself from Europeans to prevent the influence of Western ideologies and to protect its cultural integrity.
Latin American Resistance
- Mexico fought back against French invaders, with significant support from the United States, asserting its sovereignty.
Emancipation Proclamation Impact
- The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by Lincoln, declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory, redefining the Civil War's purpose.
Treaty of Kanagawa
- Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, facilitating American trade and marking the end of Japan's isolationist policies.
Political Situation in the Philippines
- A major issue was underrepresentation and lack of political rights for Filipinos within the Spanish colonial government.
Racial Discrimination in the Philippines
- The term "Indios" was used by Spaniards to refer to Filipinos, highlighting racial discrimination.
Rights Denied Under Spanish Constitution
- The Spanish Constitution of 1812 denied native Filipinos equal rights, excluding them from certain civil liberties and political participation.
Judicial Inferiority of Natives
- Natives were considered "inferior beings" under Spanish colonial law, exacerbating their lack of legal rights and protections.
Representation in Spanish Cortes
- Filipinos faced significant issues regarding representation in the Spanish Cortes, often being excluded from political decisions affecting their lives.
Rule of the Friars
- The friars' rule was contentious due to their significant power over land and local governance, often resulting in exploitation and oppression of the local population.
Outcome of Native Priests Ordination
- The ordination of native priests by the Archbishop of Manila led to a push for greater local control in parishes, challenging the authority of the Jesuits.
Economic Degradation of Natives
- Natives felt economically degraded due to systemic inequality and exploitation in labor and resource distribution.
Tax Reform of 1884
- The Tax Reform of 1884 reduced compulsory labor demands, providing relief to adult Filipino males and contributing to social reforms.
Fr. Burgos' Grievances
- Fr. Burgos criticized the friars for their abuses of power and the lack of spiritual and economic support for the Filipino populace.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key reactions and events of the 19th century, such as the Age of Enlightenment, technological advancements, the American Civil War, the abolition of slavery, and Latin America's struggles against colonial powers.
