19th Century Nationalism in Europe

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How did nationalism serve as both a unifying and disunifying force in Italy?

It uniformly strengthened the central government and weakened local identities.

It promoted cultural unity while fostering regional rivalries. (correct)

It solely focused on military expansion, ignoring local sentiments.

It led to economic prosperity and reduced regional independence.

What was a significant challenge faced by the Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires in maintaining control over their territories?

The rise of global trade routes diminishing their influence.

The emergence of nationalist movements demanding independence. (correct)

The decentralization of power within their political systems.

The reduction of military technology leading to weakened defenses.

What advantages did Prussia have in leading the unification of the German states?

A smaller population making it easier to govern.

Widespread support from other European nations.

Economic dominance and a powerful military. (correct)

A lack of competing regional identities among its citizens.

How did Bismarck's approach to achieving political goals differ from that of contemporary liberals?

Bismarck focused on realpolitik rather than ideological principles. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Garibaldi play in the unification of Italy?

He led military campaigns that unified southern Italy with the north. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a unification nationalist movement?

Culturally similar groups merging politically. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a separation nationalist movement?

Greeks in the Ottoman Empire Signup and view all the answers

For state-building to occur, which factor must be present?

Culturally distinct groups accepting a single culture. Signup and view all the answers

What common factor threatened the stability of three major empires in the 19th century?

The emergence of nationalism among ethnic groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes state-building nationalist movements?

They focus on forming a new state through cultural acceptance. Signup and view all the answers

Which nationalist movement type exemplifies the merging of regions to form a unified state?

Unification Signup and view all the answers

What was a likely result of the nationalist movements seen in the 19th century?

The emergence of new nation-states from old empires. Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a characteristic of separation nationalist movements?

Merging with another group to create a larger state. Signup and view all the answers

What event prompted Prussia to gain control of the North German Confederation?

The Austro-Prussian War Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of Emperor Francis Joseph declaring Austria and Hungary independent states?

Strengthened nationalist disputes within the empire Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Russification policy implemented by the Romanov dynasty?

To force Russian culture on all ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

Who ruled over the largest population within the Russian Empire aside from Russians?

Ukrainians Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of conservative Turks to the equal citizenship policy granted by the Ottomans in 1856?

They were angered and desired to maintain the status quo. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the nationalist disputes within the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

Weakened the empire over time, leading to its eventual breakup. Signup and view all the answers

Which empire faced disunity as a consequence of its policy of Russification?

Russian Empire Signup and view all the answers

What historical event ultimately contributed to the collapse of the czarist regime in Russia?

World War I and the communist revolution Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Armenia during the years 1894 to 1896?

Armenians were massacred and deported by the Ottomans Signup and view all the answers

Who was named prime minister of Sardinia in 1852?

Camillo di Cavour Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Camillo di Cavour as prime minister?

To expand Piedmont-Sardinia's power Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of nationalism in the context of the Ottoman Empire?

It resulted in the fragmentation of empires like the Ottoman Empire Signup and view all the answers

Which country posed the greatest roadblock to Cavour's plans?

Austria Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom played a pivotal role in the Italian unification efforts?

The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Signup and view all the answers

Which concept did Italian nationalists primarily seek from foreign rulers?

Political leadership Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Cavour provoke a war with Austria?

1858 Signup and view all the answers

By what year were fewer Italians content to live under foreign rulers, signaling a rise in nationalism?

1848 Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome resulted from the combined French-Sardinian army's victories?

Control over all of northern Italy except Venetia Signup and view all the answers

What type of constitution did the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia adopt in 1848?

A liberal constitution Signup and view all the answers

Who was the French emperor that allied with Cavour during the conflict with Austria?

Napoleon III Signup and view all the answers

What method did Cavour primarily use to expand his power?

Diplomatic alliances and skillful negotiations Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Armenians experience significant violence during World War I?

1915 Signup and view all the answers

What was the general attitude of Italians towards living under foreign rule by the time nationalism rose in the 19th century?

They increasingly rejected and opposed it Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the victories achieved by Cavour's forces?

They resulted in a significant territorial expansion for Sardinia. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred between 1858 and 1870 in the context of Italian unification?

Formation of the Kingdom of Italy Signup and view all the answers

Which territory did the Italians acquire in the period between 1859 and 1860?

Sicily Signup and view all the answers

What role did Cavour play in the unification of Italy?

He arranged meetings between King Victor Emmanuel II and Garibaldi Signup and view all the answers

Which region was lost to France during the Italian unification process?

Venetia Signup and view all the answers

During which year was the Austrian province of Venetia unified with Italy?

1866 Signup and view all the answers

Who was referred to as 'The Red One' during the Italian unification?

Giuseppe Garibaldi Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the political maneuvering between Cavour and Garibaldi?

Garibaldi relinquished power to Cavour Signup and view all the answers

What major political change occurred as a result of the unification?

Formation of a centralized Italian state under King Victor Emmanuel II Signup and view all the answers