German and Italian Unification Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is nationalism?

Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it (correct)

Support for internationalism

Opposition to government intervention

Advocating for free markets

Who was Otto Von Bismarck?

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, later Chancellor of Germany.

What was the Austro-Prussian War?

A war between Austria and Prussia resulting in the unification of the northern German states.

What role did the Franco-Prussian War play in German unification?

It was the third stage in German unification, leading to the defeat of France and the gain of Alsace-Lorraine. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Guiseppe Mazzini?

A key figure in Italian unification who believed in republicanism and social justice. Signup and view all the answers

What did Guiseppe Garibaldi do?

He led an army to conquer and unite southern Italy. Signup and view all the answers

What is Liberalism?

An economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market. Signup and view all the answers

What defines socialism?

A system advocating for community ownership and control of production and distribution. Signup and view all the answers

What is Romanticism?

A movement in literature and art that celebrated nature over civilization. Signup and view all the answers

Define Impressionism.

An artistic movement focused on capturing a momentary impression. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Zollverein?

A tariff-free zone in Germany established to boost the economy and promote nationalism. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Blood and Iron'?

Bismarck's policy of unification through industry and war. Signup and view all the answers

Define Kulturkampf.

Bismarck's 'battle for civilization' aimed at asserting state loyalty over church allegiance. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Wilhelm I?

The king of Prussia who became Kaiser of the German Empire in 1871. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Wilhelm II?

The leader of Germany during World War I. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Kaiser refer to?

German Emperor. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nationalism and Unification Concepts

Nationalism: A strong love for one's country, often motivating individuals to make sacrifices for its interests.
Liberalism: Promotes free market competition and a self-regulating economy; rooted in individual freedoms.
Socialism: Advocates for collective ownership and control of production and distribution resources.

Key Figures in German Unification

Otto Von Bismarck: Chancellor of Prussia and later Germany; key in orchestrating victories over Austria and France to unify German states.
Wilhelm I: King of Prussia who became the first Kaiser of unified Germany; appointed Bismarck as Prime Minister.
Wilhelm II: Ruler during WWI, known for his aggressive policies and desire to showcase Germany's power.

Major Wars Leading to Unification

Austro-Prussian War: Conflict that expelled Austria from German affairs and helped unify northern German states under Prussian leadership.
Franco-Prussian War: Conflict where Bismarck unified German states against a common enemy, resulting in German victory and annexation of Alsace-Lorraine.

Key Figures in Italian Unification

Guiseppe Mazzini: Established a nationalist group in 1832; aimed for social justice and democracy, played a pivotal role in unifying Italy.
Guiseppe Garibaldi: Leader of nationalist forces in southern Italy; known for his "Red Shirts" and ensuring southern unity with the north.
Camillo di Cavour: Prime strategist behind Sardinia's unification efforts; instrumental in establishing a Northern Italian state.
Victor Emmanuel II: King of Sardinia who became the first king of a united Italy in 1861; made Rome the capital later.

Cultural Movements

Romanticism: Artistic and literary movement emphasizing nature and emotion over civilization.
Realism: Philosophical belief that abstract concepts exist independently of their names; focused on representing everyday life.
Impressionism: Artistic style capturing fleeting moments and feelings, primarily focusing on modern life.

Economic and Political Structures

Zollverein: A customs union in Germany promoting economic cooperation and helping foster German nationalism.
Blood and Iron: Bismarck's policy suggesting that unification would be achieved through military strength and industrial power.
Kulturkampf: Bismarck's campaign to subordinate church allegiance to state loyalty.

Organizations and Entities

North German Confederation: Established post-Austro-Prussian War; excluded Austria from German affairs and unified northern states under Prussia.
Kaiser: Title meaning "German Emperor."

Important Concepts

Laissez-faire: Economic principle advocating minimal governmental involvement in the economy.
Hohenzollern: A prominent family dynasty from Brandenburg-Prussia linked to the establishment of the German Empire.

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Description

Explore essential terms related to the German and Italian Unification through these flashcards. Learn about key figures like Otto Von Bismarck and significant events such as the Austro-Prussian War. Test your knowledge of nationalism and its impact on these historical periods.