Questions and Answers
What is nationalism?
Who was Otto Von Bismarck?
Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, later Chancellor of Germany.
What was the Austro-Prussian War?
A war between Austria and Prussia resulting in the unification of the northern German states.
What role did the Franco-Prussian War play in German unification?
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Who was Guiseppe Mazzini?
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What did Guiseppe Garibaldi do?
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What is Liberalism?
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What defines socialism?
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What is Romanticism?
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Define Impressionism.
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What was the Zollverein?
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What is meant by 'Blood and Iron'?
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Define Kulturkampf.
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Who was Wilhelm I?
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Who was Wilhelm II?
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What does the term Kaiser refer to?
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Study Notes
Nationalism and Unification Concepts
- Nationalism: A strong love for one's country, often motivating individuals to make sacrifices for its interests.
- Liberalism: Promotes free market competition and a self-regulating economy; rooted in individual freedoms.
- Socialism: Advocates for collective ownership and control of production and distribution resources.
Key Figures in German Unification
- Otto Von Bismarck: Chancellor of Prussia and later Germany; key in orchestrating victories over Austria and France to unify German states.
- Wilhelm I: King of Prussia who became the first Kaiser of unified Germany; appointed Bismarck as Prime Minister.
- Wilhelm II: Ruler during WWI, known for his aggressive policies and desire to showcase Germany's power.
Major Wars Leading to Unification
- Austro-Prussian War: Conflict that expelled Austria from German affairs and helped unify northern German states under Prussian leadership.
- Franco-Prussian War: Conflict where Bismarck unified German states against a common enemy, resulting in German victory and annexation of Alsace-Lorraine.
Key Figures in Italian Unification
- Guiseppe Mazzini: Established a nationalist group in 1832; aimed for social justice and democracy, played a pivotal role in unifying Italy.
- Guiseppe Garibaldi: Leader of nationalist forces in southern Italy; known for his "Red Shirts" and ensuring southern unity with the north.
- Camillo di Cavour: Prime strategist behind Sardinia's unification efforts; instrumental in establishing a Northern Italian state.
- Victor Emmanuel II: King of Sardinia who became the first king of a united Italy in 1861; made Rome the capital later.
Cultural Movements
- Romanticism: Artistic and literary movement emphasizing nature and emotion over civilization.
- Realism: Philosophical belief that abstract concepts exist independently of their names; focused on representing everyday life.
- Impressionism: Artistic style capturing fleeting moments and feelings, primarily focusing on modern life.
Economic and Political Structures
- Zollverein: A customs union in Germany promoting economic cooperation and helping foster German nationalism.
- Blood and Iron: Bismarck's policy suggesting that unification would be achieved through military strength and industrial power.
- Kulturkampf: Bismarck's campaign to subordinate church allegiance to state loyalty.
Organizations and Entities
- North German Confederation: Established post-Austro-Prussian War; excluded Austria from German affairs and unified northern states under Prussia.
- Kaiser: Title meaning "German Emperor."
Important Concepts
- Laissez-faire: Economic principle advocating minimal governmental involvement in the economy.
- Hohenzollern: A prominent family dynasty from Brandenburg-Prussia linked to the establishment of the German Empire.
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Description
Explore essential terms related to the German and Italian Unification through these flashcards. Learn about key figures like Otto Von Bismarck and significant events such as the Austro-Prussian War. Test your knowledge of nationalism and its impact on these historical periods.
