12 Body Systems and Functions Flashcards

Integumentary System

• Outer covering of the body known as skin.
• Functions include waterproofing, organ protection, waste excretion, sensory perception, and vitamin D formation.

Skeletal System

• Composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints.
• Supports body structure, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, and produces blood cells.

Muscular System

• Comprised of all body muscles.
• Functions in movement, posture maintenance, and muscle contraction/elongation.

Nervous System

• Fast-acting control system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
• Responds to internal and external changes in the body.

Respiratory System

• Includes nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
• Supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

Urinary System (Excretory System)

• Consists of kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.
• Responsible for waste elimination from the body.

Reproductive System (Male)

• Composed of testis, penis, scrotum, and duct system for sperm transport.
• Primarily functions in reproduction and development of male characteristics.

Reproductive System (Female)

• Includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts.
• Functions in reproduction and support of fetal development.

Cardiovascular System

• Consists of the heart and blood vessels.
• Responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body.

Endocrine System

• Composed of glands such as the pituitary and pineal glands.
• Produces hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Lymphatic System

• Works with the cardiovascular system and includes lymph nodes and lymph vessels.
• Protects the body from pathogens and houses white blood cells to combat infections.

Digestive System

• Comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
• Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and distributes them to cells.