Anatomy and Physiology

Study Notes

Circulatory system: circulates blood, delivers oxygen and nutrients, and carries waste products away
Digestive system and Excretory system: absorbs nutrients and removes waste
Endocrine system: influences the function of the body using hormones
Integumentary system / Exocrine system: includes skin, hair, nails, sweat, and other exocrine glands
Immune system and lymphatic system: defends the body against pathogens and comprises a network of lymphatic vessels

Also known as the cardiovascular system or vascular system
Permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells
Maintains a constant circulation of blood around the body
Helps to stabilize temperature and pH

A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system
Located between the lungs in the middle compartment of the chest
Composed of cardiac muscle that has its own inherent rhythm and does not get tired
Divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
Valves are present between each atrium and ventricle and in pulmonary artery and aorta to ensure blood flows in one direction

Atria and ventricles relax together (diastole) and fill with blood from the anterior and posterior vena cavae and pulmonary vein
Blood flows into the ventricles, taking 0.4 seconds
Atria contract together (atrial systole) and force any remaining blood into the ventricles, taking 0.1 seconds