1.06 Quiz: Mixtures Flashcards and Review

Questions and Answers

How is matter classified as a mixture or pure substance based on its properties?

Mixture is created when solids, liquids, or gases mix; pure substance consists of a single element or type of compound.

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

What is a pure substance?

A single element or type of compound.

What is an element?

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A substance made up of atoms of two or more elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A substance that looks the same throughout. Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture that does not look the same throughout. Signup and view all the answers

How can a mixture be separated into pure substances?

By physical separation. Signup and view all the answers

How can a compound be separated into individual elements?

By chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

What are colloids?

Microscopically insoluble particles that are suspended throughout another substance. Signup and view all the answers

What are emulsions?

Mixtures of 2 or more liquids that are unmixable and need a third substance to mix. Signup and view all the answers

What are solutions?

Homogeneous mixtures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

The substance that is dissolved. Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

The dissolving medium. Signup and view all the answers

In a solution, the _ is in lower quantity and is dissolved in the .

solute, solvent Signup and view all the answers

What properties differentiate mixtures and compounds?

Mixtures retain their own chemical and physical properties, while compounds have different properties than the elements they contain. Signup and view all the answers

What are mixtures?

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds?

Two or more elements chemically combined. Signup and view all the answers

What is composition?

The makeup of something. Signup and view all the answers

What are properties in relation to substances?

Characteristics used to describe a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is bonding in terms of mixtures and compounds?

Mixture: not chemically bonded; Compound: chemically bonded. Signup and view all the answers

What is separation in relation to mixtures and compounds?

Mixture: each substance can be separated; Compound: can only be separated into its elements by a chemical change. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of mixtures and compounds.

Mixture: air, rocks, saltwater; Compound: water, CO2. Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical processes to separate mixtures?

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What physical properties can be used to separate heterogeneous mixtures?

Based on physical properties like size and color. Signup and view all the answers

What physical properties can be used to separate homogeneous mixtures?

Separated based on heat, pressure, and differences in density. Signup and view all the answers

What types of substances can be separated using a magnet?

A mix of salt and iron. Signup and view all the answers

What physical property is used to separate substances in a centrifuge?

It spins at high speeds until the heavier components sink to the bottom and lighter components float to the top. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of distillation. What substances can it separate?

A technique for separating a liquid from a solution using heat. Signup and view all the answers

Chromatography separates a solution based on differences in how its components _____ in different phases of matter.

travel differently Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Matter

Matter classified as mixture consists of solids, liquids, or gases combined; pure substance is a single element or compound.
Matter is defined as anything with mass that occupies space.

Pure Substances

Pure substance: Composed of a single type of element or compound.
Element: Cannot be chemically broken down; it’s a fundamental substance.
Compound: Formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Mixtures

Mixture: A combination of two or more substances not chemically combined, maintaining individual properties.
Homogeneous mixture: Appears uniform throughout, with no visible distinctions.
Heterogeneous mixture: Contains visibly different substances or phases.

Separation of Mixtures and Compounds

Mixtures can be physically separated into pure substances, while compounds require chemical methods for separation.
Substances in mixtures retain their chemical and physical characteristics; compounds exhibit new properties.

Types of Mixtures and Their Separation

Colloids: Contain microscopically insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance.
Emulsions: Mixtures of immiscible liquids that require an emulsifier for stabilization.
Solutions: Homogeneous mixtures; have a solute (substance dissolved) and a solvent (medium doing the dissolving).

Properties and Composition

Mixtures have variable composition, while compounds have a definite composition.
The distinction in properties: Each substance in a mixture retains its identity; compounds exhibit properties different from their constituent elements.

Processes for Separating Mixtures

Physical properties for separation:
- Heterogeneous mixtures can be sorted by size, color.
- Homogeneous mixtures can be separated using heat, pressure, and density differences.
Magnetic separation: Effective for mixtures like salt and iron.
Centrifugation: Uses high-speed spinning to separate components based on density; heavier substances sink.
Distillation: Separates liquids from solutions using heat to exploit differences in boiling points.
Chromatography: Separates components of a solution based on their movement through different phases.

General Examples

Mixtures: Air, rocks, saltwater.
Compounds: Water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂).

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Test your understanding of the differences between pure substances and mixtures with these flashcards. Each card defines key terms related to matter's classification and its properties. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in chemistry!

1.06 Pure Substances and Mixtures Flashcards