Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the eyelashes being pulled inward due to shrinking of the eyelid in the case of trachoma?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the eyelashes being pulled inward due to shrinking of the eyelid in the case of trachoma?
- Increased peripheral vision.
- Reduced tear production leading to dry eye.
- Formation of granulations on the outer eyelids.
- Scratching of the cornea. (correct)
What is the primary goal of supportive measures in treating viral conjunctivitis?
What is the primary goal of supportive measures in treating viral conjunctivitis?
- Reducing the risk of developing bacterial conjunctivitis.
- Preventing the spread of infection to others.
- Eradicating the viral infection quickly.
- Keeping the patient comfortable until the infection resolves. (correct)
A patient presents with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?
A patient presents with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?
- Topical antiviral medications.
- Antibiotic eye drops or ointments. (correct)
- Supportive measures such as eyewashes.
- Application of warm compresses.
Why are eye ointments often preferred over eye drops for children or nighttime use?
Why are eye ointments often preferred over eye drops for children or nighttime use?
Which of the following factors is NOT a recognized potential cause of blepharitis?
Which of the following factors is NOT a recognized potential cause of blepharitis?
What is the primary difference between seborrheic blepharitis and ulcerative blepharitis?
What is the primary difference between seborrheic blepharitis and ulcerative blepharitis?
Which of the following is the most appropriate medical treatment for trachoma?
Which of the following is the most appropriate medical treatment for trachoma?
A patient with ulcerative blepharitis is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A patient with ulcerative blepharitis is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A patient reports that objects in the center of their visual field appear dark. Which condition is most likely responsible for this?
A patient reports that objects in the center of their visual field appear dark. Which condition is most likely responsible for this?
Damage to the optic pathways in the brain is most likely to result in which visual field defect?
Damage to the optic pathways in the brain is most likely to result in which visual field defect?
Which of the following questions would be most useful in assessing the Aggravating and Alleviating factors related to a patient's reported visual disturbances?
Which of the following questions would be most useful in assessing the Aggravating and Alleviating factors related to a patient's reported visual disturbances?
A patient with which condition would most likely describe their vision as blurry or hazy, or report seeing halos around lights?
A patient with which condition would most likely describe their vision as blurry or hazy, or report seeing halos around lights?
A patient is undergoing an assessment for a visual disorder. Which question would best gather information related to the Severity of their condition?
A patient is undergoing an assessment for a visual disorder. Which question would best gather information related to the Severity of their condition?
Which subjective data question about visual disorders directly assesses the Timing aspect of the patient's symptoms?
Which subjective data question about visual disorders directly assesses the Timing aspect of the patient's symptoms?
Following a stroke, a patient experiences difficulty seeing objects in the left visual field of both eyes. Based on the information, where is the most probable location of the brain lesion?
Following a stroke, a patient experiences difficulty seeing objects in the left visual field of both eyes. Based on the information, where is the most probable location of the brain lesion?
A diabetic patient reports a gradual darkening in the center of their vision. This symptom is most closely associated with which pathological process?
A diabetic patient reports a gradual darkening in the center of their vision. This symptom is most closely associated with which pathological process?
Which of the following assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest that a patient is experiencing eye pain?
Which of the following assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest that a patient is experiencing eye pain?
A patient with an eye infection is prescribed antibiotic eye drops. What is the MOST important instruction to give the patient regarding administration?
A patient with an eye infection is prescribed antibiotic eye drops. What is the MOST important instruction to give the patient regarding administration?
Which question would be MOST important to ask a patient presenting with red, itchy eyes to assess for potential causes?
Which question would be MOST important to ask a patient presenting with red, itchy eyes to assess for potential causes?
A patient reports using over-the-counter decongestant eye drops daily for several months to relieve redness. What potential complication should the nurse educate the patient about?
A patient reports using over-the-counter decongestant eye drops daily for several months to relieve redness. What potential complication should the nurse educate the patient about?
When developing a teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with a chronic eye condition requiring long-term management, which outcome is MOST essential to include?
When developing a teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with a chronic eye condition requiring long-term management, which outcome is MOST essential to include?
A patient who wears soft contact lenses reports increasing eye discomfort, redness, and blurred vision. Which question is MOST important for the nurse to ask?
A patient who wears soft contact lenses reports increasing eye discomfort, redness, and blurred vision. Which question is MOST important for the nurse to ask?
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is MOST appropriate for a patient experiencing significant eye pain due to a corneal abrasion?
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is MOST appropriate for a patient experiencing significant eye pain due to a corneal abrasion?
A patient is prescribed both eye drops and eye ointment for an eye infection. What instruction should the nurse give the patient regarding the order of administration?
A patient is prescribed both eye drops and eye ointment for an eye infection. What instruction should the nurse give the patient regarding the order of administration?
A patient with vision loss is being introduced to assistive devices. Which nursing action best supports their adaptation and continued engagement in previous activities?
A patient with vision loss is being introduced to assistive devices. Which nursing action best supports their adaptation and continued engagement in previous activities?
A nurse is preparing to discharge a patient with significant vision loss. Which action best ensures the patient's continued independence at home?
A nurse is preparing to discharge a patient with significant vision loss. Which action best ensures the patient's continued independence at home?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is experiencing edema due to leakage in the macula. What specific symptoms should the nurse expect the patient to report?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is experiencing edema due to leakage in the macula. What specific symptoms should the nurse expect the patient to report?
During a routine eye exam, a patient with diabetes is diagnosed with preproliferative retinopathy. Why might the patient be unaware of this condition?
During a routine eye exam, a patient with diabetes is diagnosed with preproliferative retinopathy. Why might the patient be unaware of this condition?
Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient experiencing difficulty reading medication labels due to vision loss?
Which intervention is most appropriate for a patient experiencing difficulty reading medication labels due to vision loss?
A patient with impaired vision expresses frustration about not being able to enjoy reading anymore. Which assistive device would be most appropriate to suggest?
A patient with impaired vision expresses frustration about not being able to enjoy reading anymore. Which assistive device would be most appropriate to suggest?
What is the primary pathological change associated with diabetic retinopathy?
What is the primary pathological change associated with diabetic retinopathy?
Which of the following strategies would best assist a patient with vision loss in maintaining their bill-paying independence?
Which of the following strategies would best assist a patient with vision loss in maintaining their bill-paying independence?
A patient with cataracts is having difficulty with daily activities. Which question would be MOST helpful in assessing the severity of the patient's visual impairment?
A patient with cataracts is having difficulty with daily activities. Which question would be MOST helpful in assessing the severity of the patient's visual impairment?
When assessing a patient with a suspected cataract, which finding would be MOST indicative of this condition?
When assessing a patient with a suspected cataract, which finding would be MOST indicative of this condition?
A nurse is preparing a patient for cataract surgery. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be MOST important to address before the procedure?
A nurse is preparing a patient for cataract surgery. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be MOST important to address before the procedure?
A patient reports that their vision is blurred throughout the entire visual field in both eyes. How should the nurse document this finding using the WATSU framework?
A patient reports that their vision is blurred throughout the entire visual field in both eyes. How should the nurse document this finding using the WATSU framework?
Which subjective data point is LEAST relevant for a patient preparing to undergo cataract surgery?
Which subjective data point is LEAST relevant for a patient preparing to undergo cataract surgery?
A patient undergoing pneumatic retinopexy must remain reclined for 16 hours prior to the procedure. What primary purpose does this positioning serve?
A patient undergoing pneumatic retinopexy must remain reclined for 16 hours prior to the procedure. What primary purpose does this positioning serve?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the pathophysiology of cataract formation?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the pathophysiology of cataract formation?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with night driving due to increased glare. Which aspect of the WATSU framework does this MOST directly relate to?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with night driving due to increased glare. Which aspect of the WATSU framework does this MOST directly relate to?
Following pneumatic retinopexy, a nurse is educating a patient on post-procedure positioning. What crucial instruction should the nurse emphasize regarding the positioning schedule?
Following pneumatic retinopexy, a nurse is educating a patient on post-procedure positioning. What crucial instruction should the nurse emphasize regarding the positioning schedule?
A patient who has undergone a retinal reattachment procedure reports a sudden increase in eye pain and decreased vision. What is the most appropriate immediate action for the nurse?
A patient who has undergone a retinal reattachment procedure reports a sudden increase in eye pain and decreased vision. What is the most appropriate immediate action for the nurse?
A patient is diagnosed with a cataract. Which statement indicates they require further teaching about their condition?
A patient is diagnosed with a cataract. Which statement indicates they require further teaching about their condition?
A patient is diagnosed with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG). What is the primary physiological mechanism behind this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG). What is the primary physiological mechanism behind this condition?
In managing a patient with glaucoma, what is the rationale for consistently adhering to the prescribed treatment plan?
In managing a patient with glaucoma, what is the rationale for consistently adhering to the prescribed treatment plan?
Which of the following is the most critical, immediate intervention for a patient diagnosed with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG)?
Which of the following is the most critical, immediate intervention for a patient diagnosed with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG)?
A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is prescribed eye drops to manage their condition. What is the primary mechanism of action expected from these medications?
A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is prescribed eye drops to manage their condition. What is the primary mechanism of action expected from these medications?
A nurse is teaching a patient about the different types of glaucoma. Which statement accurately describes the key difference between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG)?
A nurse is teaching a patient about the different types of glaucoma. Which statement accurately describes the key difference between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG)?
Why is regular eyeglass prescription review particularly important for older adults with visual impairments?
Why is regular eyeglass prescription review particularly important for older adults with visual impairments?
What is the primary rationale behind using contrasting colors in the environment of a visually impaired patient?
What is the primary rationale behind using contrasting colors in the environment of a visually impaired patient?
In structuring the environment for a patient with visual loss, why is it important to use non-glare surfaces?
In structuring the environment for a patient with visual loss, why is it important to use non-glare surfaces?
What is the most important reason for ensuring traffic areas are free of clutter for a patient with visual impairment?
What is the most important reason for ensuring traffic areas are free of clutter for a patient with visual impairment?
Which of the following interventions most directly addresses the risk for injury in a patient with altered vision?
Which of the following interventions most directly addresses the risk for injury in a patient with altered vision?
A patient with impaired vision is having trouble self-administering medications safely. What modification to medication management would be MOST effective?
A patient with impaired vision is having trouble self-administering medications safely. What modification to medication management would be MOST effective?
When evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving environmental safety for a visually impaired patient, which observation would indicate the MOST successful outcome?
When evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving environmental safety for a visually impaired patient, which observation would indicate the MOST successful outcome?
A patient with significant visual impairment is being discharged. What aspect of discharge planning is MOST crucial to ensuring their safety and independence at home?
A patient with significant visual impairment is being discharged. What aspect of discharge planning is MOST crucial to ensuring their safety and independence at home?
In advanced trachoma, what specific pathological process directly contributes to vision loss?
In advanced trachoma, what specific pathological process directly contributes to vision loss?
Why is the use of both topical and oral antibiotics (erythromycin or tetracycline) considered a crucial approach in the medical treatment of trachoma?
Why is the use of both topical and oral antibiotics (erythromycin or tetracycline) considered a crucial approach in the medical treatment of trachoma?
A patient diagnosed with blepharitis reports also experiencing dandruff and occasional facial redness. Which of the following underlying conditions is MOST likely contributing to the blepharitis in this scenario?
A patient diagnosed with blepharitis reports also experiencing dandruff and occasional facial redness. Which of the following underlying conditions is MOST likely contributing to the blepharitis in this scenario?
What is the primary rationale for using supportive measures, rather than direct antiviral medications, in the treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
What is the primary rationale for using supportive measures, rather than direct antiviral medications, in the treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is undergoing a vitrectomy. What is the MOST critical reason for replacing the removed vitreous humor with saline or silicone oil?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is undergoing a vitrectomy. What is the MOST critical reason for replacing the removed vitreous humor with saline or silicone oil?
Why might a patient with diabetic retinopathy be asymptomatic despite having significant retinal changes?
Why might a patient with diabetic retinopathy be asymptomatic despite having significant retinal changes?
How do abnormalities of the meibomian glands contribute to the pathogenesis of blepharitis?
How do abnormalities of the meibomian glands contribute to the pathogenesis of blepharitis?
A patient presents with conjunctivitis, reporting significant itching, watery discharge and recent upper respiratory infection. Which type of conjunctivitis is MOST likely, and how should it be managed?
A patient presents with conjunctivitis, reporting significant itching, watery discharge and recent upper respiratory infection. Which type of conjunctivitis is MOST likely, and how should it be managed?
A patient reports seeing flashing lights followed by floaters. What is the MOST probable underlying mechanism causing these symptoms in the context of retinal pathology?
A patient reports seeing flashing lights followed by floaters. What is the MOST probable underlying mechanism causing these symptoms in the context of retinal pathology?
A patient experiencing excessive tearing, itching, and pain is diagnosed with blepharitis. Which teaching point is MOST critical to emphasize regarding long-term management to prevent recurrence and complications?
A patient experiencing excessive tearing, itching, and pain is diagnosed with blepharitis. Which teaching point is MOST critical to emphasize regarding long-term management to prevent recurrence and complications?
A patient describes their vision as "looking through a veil" that is progressively darkening. Which condition is MOST consistent with this description?
A patient describes their vision as "looking through a veil" that is progressively darkening. Which condition is MOST consistent with this description?
A child is prescribed antibiotic eye ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis. What is the MOST important instruction to provide to the parents regarding application, to maximize effectiveness and minimize the risk of complications?
A child is prescribed antibiotic eye ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis. What is the MOST important instruction to provide to the parents regarding application, to maximize effectiveness and minimize the risk of complications?
A patient with known diabetic retinopathy reports a sudden increase in floaters and blurred vision. What is the MOST likely explanation for these changes?
A patient with known diabetic retinopathy reports a sudden increase in floaters and blurred vision. What is the MOST likely explanation for these changes?
During indirect ophthalmoscopy, a nurse observes the retina of a patient with suspected retinal detachment. Which finding is MOST indicative of this condition?
During indirect ophthalmoscopy, a nurse observes the retina of a patient with suspected retinal detachment. Which finding is MOST indicative of this condition?
A patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with laser photocoagulation. What is the primary goal of this intervention?
A patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with laser photocoagulation. What is the primary goal of this intervention?
Which statement BEST describes the role of intravitreal corticosteroids in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy?
Which statement BEST describes the role of intravitreal corticosteroids in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy?
A 42-year-old patient with a history of hyperopia reports increasing difficulty reading small print and experiences eye strain. Which compensatory mechanism is LEAST likely to be effective for this patient?
A 42-year-old patient with a history of hyperopia reports increasing difficulty reading small print and experiences eye strain. Which compensatory mechanism is LEAST likely to be effective for this patient?
A patient reports experiencing blurred vision at both near and far distances even with corrective lenses, alongside frequent headaches. Which of the following scenarios represents the MOST probable underlying cause, requiring further evaluation?
A patient reports experiencing blurred vision at both near and far distances even with corrective lenses, alongside frequent headaches. Which of the following scenarios represents the MOST probable underlying cause, requiring further evaluation?
A 38-year-old myopic patient reports experiencing improved distant vision without corrective lenses when performing close-up tasks, but increasing blurriness at near distances with their glasses on. What is the MOST likely explanation for this phenomenon?
A 38-year-old myopic patient reports experiencing improved distant vision without corrective lenses when performing close-up tasks, but increasing blurriness at near distances with their glasses on. What is the MOST likely explanation for this phenomenon?
A patient over the age of 40 who has never needed glasses before reports experiencing increasing difficulty focusing on their car's dashboard and speedometer when driving. However, their distance vision remains clear. Which of the following interventions would MOST directly address the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms?
A patient over the age of 40 who has never needed glasses before reports experiencing increasing difficulty focusing on their car's dashboard and speedometer when driving. However, their distance vision remains clear. Which of the following interventions would MOST directly address the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms?
A patient with presbyopia is being fitted for progressive addition lenses (PALs). What key counseling point should the nurse emphasize to ensure the patient's successful adaptation to these lenses?
A patient with presbyopia is being fitted for progressive addition lenses (PALs). What key counseling point should the nurse emphasize to ensure the patient's successful adaptation to these lenses?
A 50-year-old patient who recently started wearing corrective lenses for presbyopia expresses frustration, stating that they now need different pairs of glasses for reading, computer work, and watching television. Which of the following options represents the MOST appropriate intervention to address the patient's concern?
A 50-year-old patient who recently started wearing corrective lenses for presbyopia expresses frustration, stating that they now need different pairs of glasses for reading, computer work, and watching television. Which of the following options represents the MOST appropriate intervention to address the patient's concern?
A 65-year-old patient with a history of myopia and recent diagnosis of presbyopia reports experiencing increased difficulty reading small print, even with their reading glasses. They also indicate that their distance vision has become less clear. What is the MOST likely explanation for the concurrent worsening of both near and distance vision?
A 65-year-old patient with a history of myopia and recent diagnosis of presbyopia reports experiencing increased difficulty reading small print, even with their reading glasses. They also indicate that their distance vision has become less clear. What is the MOST likely explanation for the concurrent worsening of both near and distance vision?
During a routine eye exam, a 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with early-stage presbyopia. The patient expresses concern about needing to wear reading glasses. Which statement is MOST appropriate for the nurse to facilitate a shared understanding of both the condition and management options?
During a routine eye exam, a 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with early-stage presbyopia. The patient expresses concern about needing to wear reading glasses. Which statement is MOST appropriate for the nurse to facilitate a shared understanding of both the condition and management options?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed acetazolamide (Diamox) after other miotics have proven unsuccessful. Which assessment finding would warrant immediate communication with the prescribing physician?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed acetazolamide (Diamox) after other miotics have proven unsuccessful. Which assessment finding would warrant immediate communication with the prescribing physician?
A patient is prescribed mannitol (Osmitrol) for acute angle-closure glaucoma. After administration, which assessment finding necessitates the MOST immediate intervention?
A patient is prescribed mannitol (Osmitrol) for acute angle-closure glaucoma. After administration, which assessment finding necessitates the MOST immediate intervention?
What is the rationale for using beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol (Timoptic) or betaxolol (Betoptic) to manage glaucoma?
What is the rationale for using beta-adrenergic blockers like timolol (Timoptic) or betaxolol (Betoptic) to manage glaucoma?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed pilocarpine (Pilocar). What teaching point is MOST critical for this patient to understand regarding the expected effects of this medication?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed pilocarpine (Pilocar). What teaching point is MOST critical for this patient to understand regarding the expected effects of this medication?
A patient who has undergone cataract surgery is prescribed bromfenac (Xibrom) eye drops. Which statement best describes the primary therapeutic effect expected from this medication?
A patient who has undergone cataract surgery is prescribed bromfenac (Xibrom) eye drops. Which statement best describes the primary therapeutic effect expected from this medication?
What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of miotics, such as pilocarpine (Pilocar), in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma management?
What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of miotics, such as pilocarpine (Pilocar), in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma management?
When educating a patient newly prescribed atropine eye drops, what is the MOST important instruction to emphasize regarding potential adverse effects?
When educating a patient newly prescribed atropine eye drops, what is the MOST important instruction to emphasize regarding potential adverse effects?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed timolol (Timoptic) eye drops. Which of the following systemic conditions would be of MOST concern when initiating this medication?
A patient with glaucoma is prescribed timolol (Timoptic) eye drops. Which of the following systemic conditions would be of MOST concern when initiating this medication?
Which patient statement indicates a critical lack of understanding regarding post-operative care following pneumatic retinopexy?
Which patient statement indicates a critical lack of understanding regarding post-operative care following pneumatic retinopexy?
A patient develops increased intraocular pressure (IOP) following a retinal reattachment procedure. Which physiological process is MOST likely responsible for this complication?
A patient develops increased intraocular pressure (IOP) following a retinal reattachment procedure. Which physiological process is MOST likely responsible for this complication?
What is the primary reason for the mandatory 16-hour reclining period before a pneumatic retinopexy procedure?
What is the primary reason for the mandatory 16-hour reclining period before a pneumatic retinopexy procedure?
A patient with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is being prepared for immediate treatment. Which intervention addresses the primary pathophysiological mechanism of this condition?
A patient with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is being prepared for immediate treatment. Which intervention addresses the primary pathophysiological mechanism of this condition?
A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) expresses frustration about needing lifelong eye drops, even though they currently have no noticeable vision problems. What is the most crucial aspect to emphasize in patient education?
A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) expresses frustration about needing lifelong eye drops, even though they currently have no noticeable vision problems. What is the most crucial aspect to emphasize in patient education?
What is the rationale behind the statement that acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is considered a medical emergency?
What is the rationale behind the statement that acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is considered a medical emergency?
A patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Which assessment finding would be MOST concerning and require immediate intervention?
A patient is suspected of having glaucoma. Which assessment finding would be MOST concerning and require immediate intervention?
Following pneumatic retinopexy for retinal detachment, a patient reports a significant increase in eye pain along with a noticeable decrease in visual acuity. What is the MOST appropriate initial nursing action?
Following pneumatic retinopexy for retinal detachment, a patient reports a significant increase in eye pain along with a noticeable decrease in visual acuity. What is the MOST appropriate initial nursing action?
In developing a nursing care plan for a patient with sensorineural hearing impairment, which intervention would be LEAST effective in promoting communication?
In developing a nursing care plan for a patient with sensorineural hearing impairment, which intervention would be LEAST effective in promoting communication?
Which of the following outcomes would BEST indicate that nursing interventions for a patient with a sensory disorder have been effective?
Which of the following outcomes would BEST indicate that nursing interventions for a patient with a sensory disorder have been effective?
A public health nurse is planning an educational campaign about conjunctivitis. Which statement would be MOST accurate to emphasize regarding the transmission of viral conjunctivitis?
A public health nurse is planning an educational campaign about conjunctivitis. Which statement would be MOST accurate to emphasize regarding the transmission of viral conjunctivitis?
A daycare worker informs the school nurse that several children in a classroom have been diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which action would be MOST effective in controlling the spread of infection?
A daycare worker informs the school nurse that several children in a classroom have been diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which action would be MOST effective in controlling the spread of infection?
A patient presents to the clinic with suspected conjunctivitis. To differentiate between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, which assessment finding would be MOST indicative of a bacterial infection?
A patient presents to the clinic with suspected conjunctivitis. To differentiate between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, which assessment finding would be MOST indicative of a bacterial infection?
A patient with viral conjunctivitis expresses concern about the duration of the infection. Which statement is MOST appropriate for the nurse to provide?
A patient with viral conjunctivitis expresses concern about the duration of the infection. Which statement is MOST appropriate for the nurse to provide?
A nurse is educating a parent about preventing the spread of conjunctivitis in their household. Which instruction would be MOST critical to emphasize?
A nurse is educating a parent about preventing the spread of conjunctivitis in their household. Which instruction would be MOST critical to emphasize?
Which statement BEST describes the role of the nurse in assisting patients to manage visual problems effectively?
Which statement BEST describes the role of the nurse in assisting patients to manage visual problems effectively?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the mechanism by which cycloplegic drugs aid in retinoscopic examinations?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the mechanism by which cycloplegic drugs aid in retinoscopic examinations?
A patient's visual field appears blurry and hazy. Considering the diagnoses mentioned, which condition would MOST likely cause the patient to describe their vision this way?
A patient's visual field appears blurry and hazy. Considering the diagnoses mentioned, which condition would MOST likely cause the patient to describe their vision this way?
What differentiates a retinoscopic examination from using a Snellen chart in assessing refractive errors?
What differentiates a retinoscopic examination from using a Snellen chart in assessing refractive errors?
In retinal angiography, which of the following is the MOST critical aspect being evaluated?
In retinal angiography, which of the following is the MOST critical aspect being evaluated?
Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate application of ultrasonography in the context of posterior eye examination?
Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate application of ultrasonography in the context of posterior eye examination?
A patient with a known refractive error undergoes retinoscopy. Which finding would MOST strongly influence the selection of corrective lenses?
A patient with a known refractive error undergoes retinoscopy. Which finding would MOST strongly influence the selection of corrective lenses?
Why might an optometrist prescribe different lens corrections for each eye following a retinoscopic examination?
Why might an optometrist prescribe different lens corrections for each eye following a retinoscopic examination?
A patient scheduled for a retinoscopic examination is concerned about the use of cycloplegic drugs. What is the MOST important information to convey to the patient regarding the effects of these drugs?
A patient scheduled for a retinoscopic examination is concerned about the use of cycloplegic drugs. What is the MOST important information to convey to the patient regarding the effects of these drugs?
How can the Where component of the WATSU framework be used to distinguish between hemianopia and the visual disturbances caused by diabetic retinopathy or macular degeneration?
How can the Where component of the WATSU framework be used to distinguish between hemianopia and the visual disturbances caused by diabetic retinopathy or macular degeneration?
A patient with hemianopia is experiencing anxiety and helplessness due to their vision loss. Which question best targets the 'How does it feel?' aspect of the WATSU framework to identify appropriate support?
A patient with hemianopia is experiencing anxiety and helplessness due to their vision loss. Which question best targets the 'How does it feel?' aspect of the WATSU framework to identify appropriate support?
Considering the WATSU framework, which question is most effective in determining the 'Aggravating and Alleviating factors' for a patient whose primary complaint is seeing halos around lights?
Considering the WATSU framework, which question is most effective in determining the 'Aggravating and Alleviating factors' for a patient whose primary complaint is seeing halos around lights?
A patient reports progressively worsening blurry vision over the past year. Which of the following questions MOST directly addresses the 'Timing' component of the WATSU framework?
A patient reports progressively worsening blurry vision over the past year. Which of the following questions MOST directly addresses the 'Timing' component of the WATSU framework?
A patient with advanced glaucoma is having difficulty managing their household due to impaired vision. Which question best explores the 'Severity' of the condition within the WATSU framework?
A patient with advanced glaucoma is having difficulty managing their household due to impaired vision. Which question best explores the 'Severity' of the condition within the WATSU framework?
Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately represents the integration of multiple components within the WATSU framework to comprehensively assess a visual disorder?
Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately represents the integration of multiple components within the WATSU framework to comprehensively assess a visual disorder?
A patient reports seeing a dark area in the center of their vision. Based on this information and the provided material, which condition is MOST likely the primary cause?
A patient reports seeing a dark area in the center of their vision. Based on this information and the provided material, which condition is MOST likely the primary cause?
A patient describes their vision as 'blurry and hazy, with halos around lights'. Which subjective data question would MOST directly correspond to the What component of the WATSU framework to clarify this?
A patient describes their vision as 'blurry and hazy, with halos around lights'. Which subjective data question would MOST directly correspond to the What component of the WATSU framework to clarify this?
A patient presents with a suspected chalazion that has not resolved spontaneously after several weeks. Which of the following management strategies would be MOST appropriate?
A patient presents with a suspected chalazion that has not resolved spontaneously after several weeks. Which of the following management strategies would be MOST appropriate?
Why might a chalazion cause more discomfort than an external hordeolum (stye)?
Why might a chalazion cause more discomfort than an external hordeolum (stye)?
A patient diagnosed with keratitis develops corneal thinning and is at risk for perforation. Which of the following interventions is MOST critical to prevent further complications?
A patient diagnosed with keratitis develops corneal thinning and is at risk for perforation. Which of the following interventions is MOST critical to prevent further complications?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with daily activities, but denies significant emotional distress. Which question would be MOST helpful in assessing the overall impact of the cataract on the patient's well-being?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with daily activities, but denies significant emotional distress. Which question would be MOST helpful in assessing the overall impact of the cataract on the patient's well-being?
A patient with severe keratitis is being considered for corneal transplantation. What underlying pathological change would MOST strongly indicate the need for this intervention?
A patient with severe keratitis is being considered for corneal transplantation. What underlying pathological change would MOST strongly indicate the need for this intervention?
When assessing a patient with a suspected cataract, which finding would be MOST indicative of this condition, while ruling out other potential causes of vision loss?
When assessing a patient with a suspected cataract, which finding would be MOST indicative of this condition, while ruling out other potential causes of vision loss?
Corneal perforation due to untreated keratitis poses a significant threat to vision. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains how this complication leads to permanent vision loss?
Corneal perforation due to untreated keratitis poses a significant threat to vision. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains how this complication leads to permanent vision loss?
A patient presents with blepharospasm secondary to keratitis. What is the MOST appropriate initial intervention to facilitate a thorough eye examination?
A patient presents with blepharospasm secondary to keratitis. What is the MOST appropriate initial intervention to facilitate a thorough eye examination?
A nurse is preparing a patient for cataract surgery. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be MOST important to address before the procedure, in order to optimize the patient's post-operative recovery and prevent complications?
A nurse is preparing a patient for cataract surgery. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be MOST important to address before the procedure, in order to optimize the patient's post-operative recovery and prevent complications?
A patient reports that their vision is blurred throughout the entire visual field in both eyes. How should the nurse document this finding using the WATSU framework, while also accounting for potential variations in how the symptom is perceived?
A patient reports that their vision is blurred throughout the entire visual field in both eyes. How should the nurse document this finding using the WATSU framework, while also accounting for potential variations in how the symptom is perceived?
A patient is diagnosed with keratitis. What aspect of their history would be MOST important in determining whether to initiate antiviral medications?
A patient is diagnosed with keratitis. What aspect of their history would be MOST important in determining whether to initiate antiviral medications?
Why is it useful to apply an eye patch to decrease the amount of eyelid movement over the cornea during healing?
Why is it useful to apply an eye patch to decrease the amount of eyelid movement over the cornea during healing?
Which subjective data point is LEAST relevant for a patient preparing to undergo cataract surgery, when considering the immediate pre- and post-operative periods?
Which subjective data point is LEAST relevant for a patient preparing to undergo cataract surgery, when considering the immediate pre- and post-operative periods?
A patient undergoing pneumatic retinopexy must remain reclined for 16 hours prior to the procedure. What primary purpose does this positioning serve, considering the underlying pathophysiology of retinal detachment?
A patient undergoing pneumatic retinopexy must remain reclined for 16 hours prior to the procedure. What primary purpose does this positioning serve, considering the underlying pathophysiology of retinal detachment?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the pathophysiology of cataract formation, emphasizing the molecular changes within the lens?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the pathophysiology of cataract formation, emphasizing the molecular changes within the lens?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with night driving due to increased glare. Which aspect of the WATSU framework does this MOST directly relate to, when evaluating the impact on the patient's life?
A patient with a cataract reports difficulty with night driving due to increased glare. Which aspect of the WATSU framework does this MOST directly relate to, when evaluating the impact on the patient's life?
Which statement accurately describes the progression of retinal changes in diabetic retinopathy, leading to potential retinal detachment?
Which statement accurately describes the progression of retinal changes in diabetic retinopathy, leading to potential retinal detachment?
Why might a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy experience a sudden and significant loss of vision?
Why might a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy experience a sudden and significant loss of vision?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy reports difficulty distinguishing colors and a gradual decline in central visual acuity. Which stage of the condition is MOST likely responsible for these symptoms?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy reports difficulty distinguishing colors and a gradual decline in central visual acuity. Which stage of the condition is MOST likely responsible for these symptoms?
What is the underlying mechanism by which neovascularization leads to vision loss in the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy?
What is the underlying mechanism by which neovascularization leads to vision loss in the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy?
A patient with longstanding diabetes is diagnosed with background retinopathy. Although currently asymptomatic, what potential long-term complication should the nurse emphasize during patient education?
A patient with longstanding diabetes is diagnosed with background retinopathy. Although currently asymptomatic, what potential long-term complication should the nurse emphasize during patient education?
What is the rationale for assessing a diabetic patient's self-management skills, specifically their ability to monitor blood glucose and administer insulin, in the context of visual impairment?
What is the rationale for assessing a diabetic patient's self-management skills, specifically their ability to monitor blood glucose and administer insulin, in the context of visual impairment?
Why are patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy at high risk for developing retinal detachment?
Why are patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy at high risk for developing retinal detachment?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is experiencing difficulty monitoring their blood glucose levels due to impaired vision. What is the MOST appropriate intervention to enable this patient to self-manage their diabetes effectively?
A patient with diabetic retinopathy is experiencing difficulty monitoring their blood glucose levels due to impaired vision. What is the MOST appropriate intervention to enable this patient to self-manage their diabetes effectively?
Flashcards
Trachoma
Trachoma
A chronic, painful condition where the shrinking of eyelids pulls eyelashes inward, potentially scratching the cornea and leading to ulceration and blindness.
Trachoma Treatment
Trachoma Treatment
Treated with topical/oral erythromycin or tetracycline to combat infection and prevent complications like corneal ulceration and blindness.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid margins, can be chronic and caused by staphylococcal infection, seborrhea (dandruff), rosacea, dry eye, or meibomian gland abnormalities.
Viral conjunctivitis treatment
Viral conjunctivitis treatment
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Eyewashes/Eye Irrigations
Eyewashes/Eye Irrigations
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Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment
Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment
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Seborrheic Blepharitis
Seborrheic Blepharitis
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Ulcerative Blepharitis
Ulcerative Blepharitis
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Timing (Eye Symptoms)
Timing (Eye Symptoms)
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Lice Infection (Eyes)
Lice Infection (Eyes)
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Symptom Clustering
Symptom Clustering
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Eye Meds Examples
Eye Meds Examples
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Patient Perception
Patient Perception
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Deficient Knowledge
Deficient Knowledge
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Acute Eye Pain
Acute Eye Pain
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Patient Teaching (Eyes)
Patient Teaching (Eyes)
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Central Visual Field Defect
Central Visual Field Defect
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Hemianopia
Hemianopia
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Retinopathy
Retinopathy
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Subjective Visual Symptoms
Subjective Visual Symptoms
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Aggravating/Alleviating Factors (Vision)
Aggravating/Alleviating Factors (Vision)
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Timing of Visual Impairment
Timing of Visual Impairment
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Severity of Visual Impairment
Severity of Visual Impairment
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Visual Impairment Impact on ADLs
Visual Impairment Impact on ADLs
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Assistive Devices
Assistive Devices
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Magnifying Glasses
Magnifying Glasses
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Tableside Magnifiers
Tableside Magnifiers
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Television Magnifiers
Television Magnifiers
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Specialized Resources
Specialized Resources
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Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy
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Preproliferative Retinopathy
Preproliferative Retinopathy
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Cataract
Cataract
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Cataract's effect on light
Cataract's effect on light
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Primary nursing responsibility for cataracts
Primary nursing responsibility for cataracts
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Objective Data for Cataracts
Objective Data for Cataracts
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W in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
W in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
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H in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
H in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
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A in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
A in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
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Pneumatic Retinopexy
Pneumatic Retinopexy
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T in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
T in WHATS for Eye Surgery Assessment
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Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP)
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma
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Primary Glaucoma
Primary Glaucoma
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Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG)
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG)
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Secondary Glaucoma
Secondary Glaucoma
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Congenital Glaucoma
Congenital Glaucoma
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Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
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Blepharitis Definition
Blepharitis Definition
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Eye drops
Eye drops
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Eye Ointments
Eye Ointments
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Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
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Viral Conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
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Bromfenac (Xibrom)
Bromfenac (Xibrom)
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Lubricants (Ophthalmic)
Lubricants (Ophthalmic)
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Miotics
Miotics
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Ophthalmic)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Ophthalmic)
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Osmotics (Ophthalmic)
Osmotics (Ophthalmic)
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Ophthalmic)
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Ophthalmic)
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Mydriatics
Mydriatics
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Timolol (Timoptic)
Timolol (Timoptic)
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Presbyopia
Presbyopia
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Presbyopia Symptom
Presbyopia Symptom
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Presbyopia Complaints
Presbyopia Complaints
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Presbyopia Definition
Presbyopia Definition
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Refractive Error Symptom
Refractive Error Symptom
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Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
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Myopia (Nearsightedness)
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
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Concave Lens
Concave Lens
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Laser Photocoagulation
Laser Photocoagulation
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Vitrectomy
Vitrectomy
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Initial Symptoms of Retinal Detachment
Initial Symptoms of Retinal Detachment
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Cause of Flashing Lights (Retinal)
Cause of Flashing Lights (Retinal)
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Cause of Floaters (Retinal)
Cause of Floaters (Retinal)
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Retinal Detachment Description
Retinal Detachment Description
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Diagnostic Tests for Retinal Issues
Diagnostic Tests for Retinal Issues
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Needed Action for Retinal Detachment
Needed Action for Retinal Detachment
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Feeding Needs Rationale
Feeding Needs Rationale
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Feeding Evaluation
Feeding Evaluation
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Expected Outcome: Safety
Expected Outcome: Safety
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Evaluation of Outcome: No Injury
Evaluation of Outcome: No Injury
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Optimal Care of Eyeglasses
Optimal Care of Eyeglasses
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Rationale: Eyeglass Condition
Rationale: Eyeglass Condition
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Color and Contrast in Environment
Color and Contrast in Environment
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Structured Environment Components
Structured Environment Components
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Untreated AACG
Untreated AACG
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IOP increase
IOP increase
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Retinal tears
Retinal tears
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Viral Conjunctivitis Transmission
Viral Conjunctivitis Transmission
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Viral Conjunctivitis Survival
Viral Conjunctivitis Survival
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis Cause
Bacterial Conjunctivitis Cause
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
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Conjunctivitis Transmission Groups
Conjunctivitis Transmission Groups
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Conjunctivitis Inflammation Causes
Conjunctivitis Inflammation Causes
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Snellen Chart
Snellen Chart
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Retinoscopic Exam
Retinoscopic Exam
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Cycloplegic Drug
Cycloplegic Drug
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Accommodation Prevention
Accommodation Prevention
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Ophthalmologist/Optometrist Exam
Ophthalmologist/Optometrist Exam
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Visual Field Examination
Visual Field Examination
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Tonometry
Tonometry
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Chalazion (Internal Hordeolum)
Chalazion (Internal Hordeolum)
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Chalazion Discomfort
Chalazion Discomfort
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Chalazion Treatment
Chalazion Treatment
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Keratitis
Keratitis
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Keratitis Depth
Keratitis Depth
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Keratitis Treatment
Keratitis Treatment
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Cycloplegic Agents
Cycloplegic Agents
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Keratitis Complications
Keratitis Complications
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Cataract Definition
Cataract Definition
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Cataract's effect on vision
Cataract's effect on vision
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Cataracts Nursing Focus
Cataracts Nursing Focus
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Cataract Objective Data
Cataract Objective Data
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W in WHATS Cataract Assessment
W in WHATS Cataract Assessment
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H in WHATS Cataract Assessment
H in WHATS Cataract Assessment
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A in WHATS Cataract Assessment
A in WHATS Cataract Assessment
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T in WHATS Cataract Assessment
T in WHATS Cataract Assessment
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Background Retinopathy
Background Retinopathy
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Proliferative Retinopathy
Proliferative Retinopathy
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Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy
Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy
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Proliferative Retinopathy Complications
Proliferative Retinopathy Complications
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Self-Management & Diabetes
Self-Management & Diabetes
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Insulin Administration Assistance
Insulin Administration Assistance
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Expected Outcome: Self-Management
Expected Outcome: Self-Management
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Proliferative retinopathy, main characteristic
Proliferative retinopathy, main characteristic
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Study Notes
Nursing Care of Patients With Sensory Disorders: Vision and Hearing
- Key terms include astigmatism, blepharitis, blindness, carbuncle, cataract, and chalazion.
- Conductive hearing loss, conjunctivitis, enucleation, external otitis, furuncle, glaucoma, hordeolum, hyperopia, macular, Ménière's disease are key terms.
- More key terms are miotics, myopia, myringoplasty, myringotomy, otosclerosis, photophobia, presbycusis, presbyopia, retinopathy, sensorineural, and stapedectomy.
Learning Outcomes
- Explain the pathophysiology of sensory system disorders.
- Define blindness and refractive vision errors.
- Explain the etiologies, signs, and symptoms of sensory disorders.
- Plan nursing care for patients undergoing sensory disorder tests.
- Identify therapeutic measures for each sensory disorder.
- Identify contraindicated medications for patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma.
- List three ototoxic drugs.
- List data to collect for patients with sensory system disorders.
- Plan nursing care for patients with eye or ear disorders.
- Plan nursing care interventions for patients with hearing impairment.
- Discuss how to know if nursing interventions for sensory disorders have been effective.
Vision Disorders
- Early detection of visual problems can reduce their impact.
- Nurses play an important role in assisting patients with visual problems
- Infections and inflammation of the eye and surrounding structures may be bacterial or viral.
- Allergens, chemical substances, or mechanical irritation can aggravate the eye.
- Viral agents causing infection include herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and human adenovirus.
- Bacterial agents that infect the eye include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
Conjunctivitis
- Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by a virus or bacterium.
- Viral conjunctivitis is more common and highly contagious.
- The virus is transmitted via contaminated eye secretions and can live on dry surfaces for two weeks or more.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis, or pinkeye, is commonly due to staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria and is highly contagious.
- Other organisms causing conjunctivitis include Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Conjunctivitis is commonly transmitted among children and then to family members.
- Symptoms include conjunctival redness and crusting exudate.
Eye Disorder Summary
- Signs and symptoms include visual disturbances, pain, redness, secretions, itchiness, and pressure sensation.
- Diagnostic tests include visual acuity tests, ophthalmoscopic examination, Amsler grid, slit-lamp examination, and tonometry.
- Therapeutic measures involve medications to reduce intraocular pressure, treat infections or anesthetize the eye, and surgery.
- Complications include worsening vision or loss of vision and acute pain.
- Priority nursing diagnoses are anxiety related to visual deficit, risk for injury, and deficient knowledge.
Cultural Considerations: Vision
- Trachoma, a form of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is a common, chronic disease affecting millions worldwide, especially in low-income areas.
- Scarring from trachoma can cause eyelids to shrink and eyelashes to pull inward, potentially leading to corneal ulceration and blindness.
- Trachoma is treated with topical and oral erythromycin or tetracycline.
Viral and Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Viral conjunctivitis symptoms include itching, pain, excessive tearing, and presence on the lids and in the corners of the eyes.
- Viral conjunctivitis is treated with supportive measures, such as eyewashes or eye irrigations, for comfort until it resolves.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments because they do not impair vision, especially during the day
- Adults generally prefer eye drops for treating bacterial conjunctivitis.
- Ointments are often used when the eye is resting (at night) or in children.
- Hand hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of either type of conjunctivitis.
Blepharitis
- Blepharitis is a chronic inflammatory process of eyelid margins.
- Causes include staphylococcal infection, seborrhea (dandruff), rosacea, dry eye, or abnormalities of meibomian glands.
- Two types exist: seborrheic blepharitis (reddened eyelids with scales) and ulcerative blepharitis (crusts at eyelashes, reddened eyes, inflamed corneas).
- Treatment requires long-term daily cleansing with cotton-tipped swabs dipped in diluted solutions.
Ophthalmic Medications
- Fluorescein sodium stains the eye to detect lesions or foreign objects; must be irrigated out after examination.
- Topical anesthetics provide local anesthesia to the area. The eye must be protected due to temporary blink reflex loss.
- Antiangiogenetics inhibit new blood vessel growth and slow macular degeneration progression.
- Eye allergy symptom relief products relieve red, itchy eyes. Caution patients not to wear soft contact lenses.
- Antibiotics such as ciloxan and gatifloxacin treat bacterial eye infections. Give on an empty stomach and encourage a patient to take them with a full glass of water.
- Antivirals like trifluridine treat viral eye infections. Follow instructions for installation.
- Antifungals like natamycin treat fungal eye infections. Follow instructions for instillation.
- Steroidal anti-inflammatories reduce inflammation of the conjunctiva based on instruction.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories reduce inflammation and pain and anti inflammatory steroids should be used as prescribed.
- Lubricants like artificial tears help with eye moisture in healthy and unhealthy eyes
- Miotics lower intraocular pressure by stimulating papillary and ciliary muscles, expect to see a smaller than normal pupil with miotics
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous formation, check patient for sulfa allergy
- Osmotics reduce intraocular pressure in acute open-angle glaucome; monitor for headache, nausea, and confusion.
- Beta-Adrenergic Blockers reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor formation, monitor for bradycardia, and heart problems
- Mydriatics dilate pupils for examination and surgical procedures, dilated pupils cannot prevent eye from bright light
- Cycloplegics paralyze muscles of accomodation for examiniation, contraindicated with glaucome patients
Hordeolum and Chalazion
- A hordeolum, or sty, is a small staphylococcal abscess at the base of the eyelash.
- A chalazion is a type of abscess that may form in tissue of the eyelids, specifically the meibomian glands.
- Styes and chalazion may be tender or can put pressue on the cornea.
- Styes form and heal quickly.
- Surgical drainiage may need to be required if styes do not spontaneously drain. Oral antibiotics can be prescribes if either persists.
Keratitis
- Inflammation of the cornea may be acute or chronic.
- Depth is determined by corneal layer affected.
- Associated with bacterial conjunctivits, herpes simplex etc.
- Those with dry eyes are at an increased risk for keratitis.
- The cornea has pain receptors so inflammation is paintful.
- Other symptoms include photosensitivity to light, tearing, and spasms of the eyelid.
- Diagnosis is made though the use of a slit lamp or handheld light.
- Therapeutic treatment includes topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, antiviral meds etc.
- Corneal infections are usually serious and can threaten eyesight.
- May require and corneal transplant
- Nursing data reviews the subjective date for keratitis including symptoms mentioned above.
Subjective Inflammation Data Collection
- Where is it?
- How is feels?
- What are aggravation and alleviating factors?
- What is the timing?
- What is the severity?
- What are useful data associated symptoms?
- What is the patient's perception of the problem?
Refractive Errors
- Refraction involves light rays bending upon entering the eye.
- Emmetropia is normal vision with precise focusing on the macula.
- Ametropia describes any refractive error when the image is not clearly focused.
- Common ametropic disorders are hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
- Hyperopia (farsightedness) occurs when light rays focus behind the retina which is corrected with convext lenses.
- Myopia (nearsightedness) light rays focus in front of the retina which is corrected with concave lense.
- Astigmatism unequal curvatures of the eye.
- Presbyopia the inability to focus.
Blindness diagnostic tests
- A refractive error can be roughly measured.
- For definitive measurement test is needed
- Patient may use cycloplegic agent, patient needs to be careful
Therapeutic Measures
- Laser energy used to reshape cornea
- laser-assisted situ
Blindness
- a visual images a blurry or hazy
- test is to determine.
Data Collection
- collection needs to focus on the type of condition
- is pt squinting rubbiging
Data planning
- Focuses can meeting self care skills
Diabetic Retinopathy
- Risk factors associated with diabetes and data collection should be involved
Pathophysiology and etiology:
- retinopathy: disorder involving the vessel changes of retinal
- common with diabetes
- excessive glucose
- changes to cap walls
- formations
- constriction for renal blood issues
Macular Degeneration
There is a risk of developing the degeneration in people who:
- are older age 60+
- have family member
- diabetes smoking
- exposed to Uv light
- caucasian people
All need UV protecting
Glaucoma
- Silent, progressive reversible until the vision
- No Cure
- plans need to be done so can take care of vision
Otosclerosis
- formation of new along the stapes leads to the stapes becoming immobile- conductive hearing loss
- more in women than men
- happens more in second half of woman hood
Ménière's disease
- A balance disorder
- Disruption of fluids physiology.
- Develops between ages 40+60.
- Symptoms range for mild to severe
Refractive errors
- commonly trated with either eye glasses or contact lenses
- corrective lenses
Blindness
- absence of vision
- Some people are negative when using the word blindly and prefer visually impaired
Pathophysiology and etiology
- blindness when on this way to optical the brain
- Also been made due to diabetes, cataracts, and glaucoma
Sign and Symptoms
- Patients vision have a variety of visual image issue
- *blurry distorted image
- Object appearing darsks *or absence
Diagnostic test
- Tests include a visual field of examination tonometry exam
- Ultra Sonography
Therapeutic Measures
- treat of the un ending condition and preventions
- Surical intervenctions an d corrective eye
- Refer to support services.
DATA COLLECTION
- Subjective data and data
Data collection
- Includes reports , previous , current ,
- the palpatation of the exxteranal ear
Inner Ear Disorders
- Labyrinthitis
- Meniere's disease =. a disorder caused by the dilation of the marban
- The data Collection
- pt needs to acessed for nurtitional definciences and weight loss
Nursing Diagnosis
+Focuses on helping the pts maintaine a normal lifelsyt
Deafness
- hearing loss is a disability that impacts
- affects communication social activities and diminishes Q of life
Diagnostic Tests and Findings
- Complete blood count
- Ear drainage culture
- Audiometric rinne wber tests
Therapeutic Measures
- Top Antibiotics
- Anaglestics
Complications
(perforation Tympanic Membrane
Prioritys Nursing Diagnoses
+Acute Pain and Deficient Knowledge
Deficient Knowledge(related to care of hearing aids
- Etiology :Deficient Knowledge
External Ear dissoder ,summary
- S+ pain pruritus swllwnig, rednesss #Diagnostic test
- compy blood county and images studids- Audimetric test
- therapeutic measures- ceumenlyctic
Otosclerosis
- Medical is to improve
- Permanent one needs hearing aids
Trauma
- **Etiology and Physiolog
- Such as Trauma to the side of head
Sign symptons
- **Hearing Loss and drains +A+pain
The data Collection
- include +previous and current +Data
NURSING DIAGNOES"planning" implementation"
Acute pain related to inflammation trauma""
Data and Planning- include"" Patient"" will the remain safe from injury.
- -ETIOLOGY AND PHY 1 * SUCH AS TRUAUMA"++++
The trauma is a **sign+sytmp
1 HEARING LOSS*"""++
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
- Isopropyl may used to reduce a build ups in the ear canals
- In Crossover studies
- Nurses and instruct those with occurring accumulation in the years to that safe options exist.
Meniere Disease data collect
- subjective reports on the symptoms
- OBJECTIVE is assessment include gross testing of hearing
- pt assessed nutrition- unstable ,weight issues..
-
Box 52-2 Communicating as nurse- need to ask
- get someones attention
- Look at person and take conteac
""Ask short ques
Traume- Signs/Symp
- Pt may not tolerate light when entering room
- Signs of abuse -need address
""NURSIng-DIANOGOSIS"" implementation_""
- Deficeint Knowledge related to loss +teach patient how used the call light """"""SAFETY 1s IMPOTANT
"""
Trauma-data collection
- Data- objective
Pathophysiology and Etiology
- conductive hearing loss caused by a mechanical problem
- interference with the conduction of sound impulses through +the +external "" auditory canal""the eardrum """SENSORINEURAL hearing loss***
- originated in the cocheal
- involves air cells """
HEARING LOSS++
"""
Middle ear.
",Tympanic membrane, Mastoid Disorders "data collection"
- The data should included " reports of pain A
Glaucoma -
- The Goal of patient With with is treatment Comfl
- to prevent further Vision
- The nursing must assess understanding or
"""NURSING"diagnios-implementation"""
A-Pain related to increase intraocular "Goal --the P+ -will report pain
##Macular Degeneration *symptoms"- Dry ""_TYPE- slow progressive central Near"" """
- Both Eyes = each the and various degrees
-
TRAUME"++++
Signs& Symptoms
- "lacreations""
- pain when the a eyelid
- the the
- Pain sensation ⁉several
diagnostic Test!
- Visal acute important and +fluoresce ""stunning to evaluate toAbrasonon""
Therapeut -mess"
"""
Complications -
- "enucletion- """
Eye trauma planning
- "anxietyrelated to sesnoy ""Encourge"""
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