MS CH 49 Nursing Care of Patients With Cerebrovascular Disorders

<p>It can spread to other vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehabilitation center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritoneal Cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing ability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symptoms are mild and mimic a flulike illness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The worst headache experienced in one's life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients may lose consciousness or gradually become less responsive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure and impaired cerebral blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120-160 mm Hg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable pressure to prevent aneurysm rupture or ischemia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performing a craniotomy to expose the aneurysm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing or managing complications and providing supportive care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial symmetry and swallowing ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep the patient NPO until cleared by a physician or speech pathologist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotid Doppler testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing supportive care by monitoring ABCs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of speech (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speech Pathologist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing aids such as a picture board or pencil and paper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Questions that require short, concise answers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable them to participate in the patient's care and communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information related to medications, treatments, and follow-up care that are needed for home care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient might have difficulty processing large amounts of data due to their medical state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety and distress, which can hinder the process of proper care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow them ample time for communication and be able to express their needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>87% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A temporary blockage of blood to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombotic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A blood clot traveling from another part of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minutes to hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent a full stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal or common carotid arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolving existing blood clots. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of new clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be administered within 3 hours of symptom onset. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring international normalized ratio(INR) until therapeutic, and then monthly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stabilize them after a stroke or if they have warning signs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the right side of the brain, contralateral to the weakness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring for muscle pain or weakness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bruising, change in level of consciousness, and prolonged bleeding time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotid endarterectomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotid angiogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralysis on one side of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is inflated to push plaque outward and open the artery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep the artery open for improved blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to brain cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ataxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplopia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deeper tissues of the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thrombotic stroke results from a clot forming in a brain vessel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled hypertension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penumbra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bleeding occurs slowly and may not cause immediate dramatic symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endarterectomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic pressure below 120 mm Hg and diastolic below 80 mm Hg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The warning signs of a stroke and the need to activate EMS. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left side of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activating the EMS to facilitate prompt medical care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce the chance of further bleeding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with poorer outcomes following a stroke. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal saline solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within the first 15 minutes of arrival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their symptom onset time cannot be accurately determined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 1 hour of arrival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a direct result of brain tissue damage from the stroke. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stresses that the faster a stroke patient receives treatment, the more brain function can be preserved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombolytics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signs of bleeding or bruising (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the formation of new blood clots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle pain or weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be administered within 3 hours of symptom onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International normalized ratio (INR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For patients with warning signs of a stroke or those stable after a stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left side of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If systolic blood pressure exceeds 220 mm Hg or diastolic exceeds 120 mm Hg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To encourage blood flow through collateral vessels to salvage brain tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of anticoagulant medications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turn the patient to the side. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient’s level of alertness and swallowing ability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of a decreased level of consciousness and impaired swallowing ability, leading to aspiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluating the patient’s functional status and making treatment recommendations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequential compression devices and elastic stockings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled hypertension leading to arterial rupture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With minimal or no detectable neurological deficits initially. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain systolic less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accelerate timely activation of emergency medical services (EMS). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding occurring within the brain tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracerebral hemorrhage is typically caused by internal vessel issues, while embolic strokes result from a blood clot traveling to the brain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deficits may be masked initially, but eventually accumulate to cause major issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer an anti-hypertensive with appropriate monitoring and aim for a systolic of less than 120. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain cells rely on a constant supply of oxygen and glucose, and some cells in the penumbra can be revived if the brain is reperfused quickly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain cells that are 'stunned' and potentially viable if blood flow is restored quickly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring for symptom fluctuation or progression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extended periods of ischemia typically result in permanent neurological deficits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhagic strokes involve bleeding in the brain, while ischemic strokes involve a lack of blood flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral deficits in motor function observed immediately after the event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TIAs are often the first clear indication that there may be an underlying issue that places the individual at risk of experiencing a more serious stroke. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with lower levels of education, lower socioeconomic status, and those in the southeastern United States. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left cerebral hemisphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient has a weak cough with a change in voice quality after swallowing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate supply of oxygen and glucose to neurons in the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor balance and a staggering gait. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient’s level of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An assessment for dysphagia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity of the patient’s stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild headache, vomiting, and disorientation are common early symptoms that can be attributed to other illnesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To balance the risk of aneurysm rerupture at high pressures and cerebral ischemia at low pressures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To directly treat the underlying cause by exposing and addressing the aneurysm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a typical response to severe headache caused by the rupture of an aneurysm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a common finding in subarachnoid hemorrhage that is an important assessment finding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To continuously monitor blood pressure and facilitate blood sampling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage fluid balance and right ventricular function, which could reflect in cerebral perfusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To adjust the prescribed medications to bring the blood pressure back to within the target range without delay. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of cerebral vessels impacted by the vasospasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehabilitation and long-term care are generally the same for aneurysm, intracerebral bleeds, and ischemic strokes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient must be able to tolerate intensive therapy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritoneal cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promptly report the changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing ability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Report the change promptly to the physician. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assess swallowing ability, then pain level, then respiratory function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instructing the patient and family to call for assistance before getting up. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing a baseline for verbal communication difficulties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce discouragement associated with slow progress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering medication to prevent muscle spasms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing a supportive environment and allowing the patient time to communicate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient can express needs and desires effectively, avoiding frustration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking aid from a speech pathologist and using clear, simple language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable family members to assist the patient effectively in rehabilitation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated homocysteine levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activate emergency medical services immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrovascular event (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual Disturbance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High total cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluating the patient within the first 15 minutes of arrival. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating the elevation in temperature to prevent poorer outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal saline solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 1 hour of arrival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their sleep may mask the true onset of the stroke, making it appear longer than it actually was. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient may be discharged in one to two days with no lasting effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the direct correlation between time to a treatment and the amount of neurological damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It begins in the vessel of the aneurysm but may extend to other vessels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need for rehabilitation and long-term care is likely to be similar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in neurological status such as increased confusion or decreased motor function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leading to a narrowing of blood vessels and potential ischemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notifying the healthcare provider immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion related to interruption of blood supply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 30 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional and psychological support for the patient and their family. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into the peritoneal cavity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of dizziness and syncope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluating patient's swallowing ability for dysphagia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International Normalized Ratio/Prothrombin Time (INR/PT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and unpredictable mood swings, such as from deep sadness to euphoria, often unrelated to the patient's circumstances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A body temperature of 100.1°F (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aphasia is a communication impairment, not a problem with their hearing capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in visual fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speech therapy to address their communication deficits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify trends that can lead to decreased tissue perfusion or recurrent stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explaining to the family that the patient’s emotional responses may not align with their feelings due to stroke damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, and pressure ulcers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early recognition and prevention of complications such as pneumonia or pressure ulcers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient will be transferred from an acute setting to a skilled nursing facility with rehabilitation needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The National Stroke Association or The American Stroke Association. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced length of hospital stay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consider inserting a feeding tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teach the patient to scan their environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be consulted before placing the feeding tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of a focused plan of care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient will adapt to sensory-perceptual deficits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of patient education efforts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure sufficient nutrition is maintained (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A temporary blockage of blood supply to the brain causing temporary neurological impairment. It lasts minutes to hours and the patient recovers completely.

A blood clot that forms within the brain, blocking blood flow.

A blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, blocking blood flow.

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA); a permanent blockage of blood flow to the brain, causing damage.

It occurs when blood supply to the brain is blocked or slowed, leading to damage.

A brain bleed due to a ruptured blood vessel, causing damage.

Factors that increase the risk of developing a stroke.

The event that leads to a stroke is often preceded by a TIA.

A quick test to check if a patient can safely swallow without choking or aspirating.

A condition in which a patient has difficulty speaking or forming words.

A condition in which a patient is unable to speak or has complete loss of speech.

A condition in which a patient's vision is partially or completely lost in one or both eyes, affecting the same side of each eye.

A condition in which a patient's vision is partially or completely lost in both eyes, affecting the outer half of each eye.

A painless condition in which a blood vessel is narrowed or clogged, restricting blood flow.

A test that uses sound waves to visualize blood flow through the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain.

A procedure that is used to create images of the blood vessels in the neck and brain, providing detailed information about blockages and blood flow.

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, blocking the flow of blood.

A blood clot that travels from one part of the body to another, blocking a blood vessel.

A medication that helps to dissolve existing blood clots.

A medication that prevents the formation of new blood clots.

A medication that prevents new clots from forming and slows down the time it takes for existing clots to form.

A medication that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood.

A small leak of blood from an aneurysm that can cause a mild headache, vomiting, or disorientation. This is usually misdiagnosed as a flu-like illness by the patient.

The most common symptom is a sudden onset of a severe headache, described as 'the worst headache of my life'.

The patient may be very sensitive to light, making it difficult to examine their pupils.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage can cause a decrease in level of consciousness (LOC) due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and impaired cerebral blood flow.

Patients may experience seizures due to the disruption caused by the hemorrhage in the brain.

The primary goal of treatment is to control blood pressure within a specific range to prevent rerupture or ischemia.

This involves surgically accessing the aneurysm and repairing it.

There is no cure for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment focuses on addressing the cause, preventing complications, and providing supportive care.

A speech-language pathologist specializes in communication disorders, including aphasia.

Use visuals and clear, concise language to communicate with patients who have aphasia.

Providing clear information about the stroke, tests, and procedures can help reduce anxiety in the patient and family.

Presenting information in small amounts and repeatedly can help with comprehension.

Assuring the patient and family that appropriate care is being provided can reduce anxiety.

Educating family members about communication difficulties and interventions allows them to participate actively in the patient's care.

Ensure that the patient and family have the information they need for medications, treatments, and follow-up care at home.

A narrowing of a blood vessel, often caused by a spasm in the smooth muscle of the vessel wall.

This condition is a major long-term complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain.

Ischemia, a condition where there is insufficient blood flow, and infarction, a condition where tissue dies due to lack of blood supply.

The process of helping patients recover from an illness or injury. In the context of cerebrovascular disorders, it focuses on restoring lost function.

A surgical procedure where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is drained from the brain and redirected into the peritoneal cavity.

It's located within the abdominal cavity and serves as the destination for CSF in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

These include vital signs, laboratory values, respiratory function, and neurologic status.

Rapidly reporting any changes in these vital signs and assessments to the medical team is crucial for timely intervention.

A TIA often serves as a warning sign of a possible impending stroke.

A type of stroke where bleeding occurs in the deeper tissues of the brain, often caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure.

A type of therapy used for ischemic stroke that dissolves blood clots causing the blockage, restoring blood flow to the brain.

A medication that breaks down blood clots by converting plasminogen into plasmin, which is the enzyme that dissolves clots.

The amount of time between symptom onset and the start of treatment. It's critical for effective recovery.

An increase in pressure inside the skull, commonly occurring after a stroke. It can further damage the brain.

A team of medical professionals dedicated to assessing and treating stroke patients, often within a specific time window.

Keeping the blood pressure slightly elevated (but not excessively high) to help blood flow through collateral vessels in the brain and reach the affected area after a stroke.

A device used to compress and release pressure on the legs, helping to prevent blood clots (DVT) in patients confined to bed.

Medications that help dissolve blood clots.

Medications used to prevent the formation of new blood clots.

Medications that prevent new blood clots from forming and slow down the formation of existing clots.

A surgical procedure to remove a blockage from a carotid artery, improving blood flow to the brain.

A tiny metal or polymer tube inserted into a narrowed artery to keep it open and improve blood flow.

A procedure where a catheter is inserted into a carotid artery, a balloon inflates to open the blockage, and a stent is placed to keep it open.

Paralysis of one side of the body, often caused by a stroke.

A condition caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain, often due to a blockage in a carotid artery.

A medication that helps dissolve existing blood clots. It is often used in cases of ischemic stroke when there is a time-sensitive need to restore blood flow and prevent further damage to the brain.

A medication used to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. By lowering cholesterol levels, these medications help to prevent atherosclerosis, a condition that can lead to a narrowed blood vessel and an increased risk of stroke.

A temporary blockage of blood supply to the brain causing temporary neurological impairment.

A type of stroke that happens when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding.

A type of stroke caused by a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel within the brain, blocking blood flow.

A type of stroke caused by a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, blocking blood flow.

A type of stroke that happens when blood supply to the brain is blocked or slowed, leading to damage.

The healthy tissue surrounding the damaged area in the brain after a stroke.

The main type of stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the brain, leading to bleeding.

A type of cerebral hemorrhage where the bleeding occurs within the deeper tissues of the brain.

A condition where a blood vessel in the brain is narrowed or blocked, often caused by a buildup of plaque, leading to decreased blood flow and potential damage to brain tissues.

A procedure where a balloon is inflated and a stent is placed inside a narrowed or blocked blood vessel to improve blood flow.

Sudden weakness or paralysis, often affecting one side of the body, is a common symptom of ischemic stroke. This occurs due to the disruption of blood flow to the brain, causing damage to the affected area.

If a stroke affects the brainstem or vertebrobasilar artery, weakness or paralysis may occur on both sides of the body.

Difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, can be a symptom of stroke. This happens when the stroke affects the muscles responsible for swallowing.

Ataxia, characterized by poor balance and unsteady gait, can occur after a stroke. This is often linked to damage to the cerebellum or coordination issues caused by weakness or paralysis.

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a standardized tool used to measure the severity of a stroke. It helps assess the impact of the stroke on different neurological functions.

A complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose level, metabolic panel, and other tests are often performed in the emergency department after a suspected stroke to assess the patient's overall health and identify contributing factors.

Cardiac monitoring and pulse oximetry are crucial after a stroke. These tools continuously monitor heart rhythm and oxygen saturation levels, providing vital information about the patient's condition.

An ECG (electrocardiogram) is done after a stroke to check for atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm irregularity that increases the risk of stroke.

The tissue surrounding the damaged area in the brain after a stroke, still potentially salvageable with quick treatment.

The overarching category of stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel within the brain, leading to bleeding.

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding; Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination; Sudden severe headache with no known cause.

A condition where a blood vessel in the brain is narrowed or blocked, often caused by a buildup of plaque, leading to decreased blood flow and potential damage to brain tissues.

A procedure where a balloon is inflated and a stent is placed inside a narrowed or blocked blood vessel to improve blood flow.

Emotional lability is a common after-stroke symptom. It involves rapid shifts in mood and emotional responses, like sudden crying or laughing inappropriately.

A common complication after stroke is pneumonia. This is due to weakness and difficulty swallowing, leading to aspiration of food or fluids into the lungs.

A cerebral aneurysm is a weak, bulging area in a blood vessel in the brain. It can rupture and cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of stroke.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke caused by bleeding into the space between the brain and the outer layer of the membranes covering the brain.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage often presents with a sudden, severe headache, often described as 'the worst headache of my life.'

A patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage may experience photophobia, which is sensitivity to light.

A stroke can lead to emotional lability, which is marked by abrupt changes in mood and emotional responses.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be a complication after a stroke. This is due to immobility, leading to blood clots in the legs.

Vasospasm is a narrowing of blood vessels, often caused by a spasm in the vessel wall. It's a major long-term complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain.

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a surgical procedure used to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain into the peritoneal cavity.

Rehabilitation aims to help stroke patients recover lost functions and improve their overall well-being.

The most common complication of a subarachnoid hemorrhage is vasospasm. It may lead to reduced blood flow to the brain and cause damage to brain tissue.

The peritoneal cavity is the space within the abdomen where excess cerebrospinal fluid is directed in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Promptly reporting any changes in vital signs, laboratory values, respiratory function, or neurologic status to the medical team is crucial for timely intervention and optimal patient care.

Discharge planning for stroke patients involves ensuring they and their families have the information they need for medication, treatments, and follow-up care at home.

The ischemia or infarction caused by vasospasm can be widespread and devastating, resulting in damage to brain tissue and potential neurological deficits.

Reduced blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms like decreased consciousness, dizziness, and vision changes.

A neurological assessment tool measuring stroke severity, helping track progress and make informed decisions.

A comprehensive stroke unit is associated with reduced length of stay, lower mortality, and improved functional outcomes for stroke patients.

Assist occupational therapists in assessing for visual, spatial, and sensory deficits to create a plan to address them.