Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of long-term complications following a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the primary cause of long-term complications following a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
- Peritoneal shunt malfunction
- Ischemic stroke
- Vasospasm (correct)
- Intracerebral bleed
A blood vessel's diameter narrows due to which of the following?
A blood vessel's diameter narrows due to which of the following?
- Rehabilitation therapy
- Vasospasm (correct)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Ischemic stroke
Where does vasospasm typically originate?
Where does vasospasm typically originate?
- In the peritoneal cavity
- In the cerebral spinal fluid
- In the vessel giving rise to the aneurysm (correct)
- In the respiratory tract
What potential consequence of vasospasm explains why its outcomes can be widespread?
What potential consequence of vasospasm explains why its outcomes can be widespread?
Which type of long-term complication is similar to those of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Which type of long-term complication is similar to those of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What type of facility is a patient likely to be transferred to, if they can tolerate intensive therapy?
What type of facility is a patient likely to be transferred to, if they can tolerate intensive therapy?
A ventriculoperitoneal shunt drains cerebrospinal fluid into which cavity?
A ventriculoperitoneal shunt drains cerebrospinal fluid into which cavity?
When assessing a cerebrovascular disorder patient, what should be assessed before offering oral intake?
When assessing a cerebrovascular disorder patient, what should be assessed before offering oral intake?
Why might patients dismiss early symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Why might patients dismiss early symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is a common subjective description of a headache experienced during a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is a common subjective description of a headache experienced during a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Which of the following best describes the variability in a patient's level of consciousness (LOC) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Which of the following best describes the variability in a patient's level of consciousness (LOC) after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the primary reason for the decreased level of consciousness (LOC) observed in some patients after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the primary reason for the decreased level of consciousness (LOC) observed in some patients after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the typical systolic blood pressure range that is managed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the typical systolic blood pressure range that is managed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Why is careful blood pressure monitoring essential in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Why is careful blood pressure monitoring essential in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the definitive treatment for a cerebral aneurysm associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the definitive treatment for a cerebral aneurysm associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Besides correcting the cause, what is a critical aspect of care for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Besides correcting the cause, what is a critical aspect of care for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What should a nurse assess prior to administering anything by mouth to a patient with a suspected stroke?
What should a nurse assess prior to administering anything by mouth to a patient with a suspected stroke?
A patient with a suspected stroke coughs and has a gurgly voice after a swallow screen. What should the nurse do?
A patient with a suspected stroke coughs and has a gurgly voice after a swallow screen. What should the nurse do?
Which diagnostic test uses sound waves to identify narrowing of the carotid arteries?
Which diagnostic test uses sound waves to identify narrowing of the carotid arteries?
What is the primary focus of emergency care for a stroke patient while awaiting test results?
What is the primary focus of emergency care for a stroke patient while awaiting test results?
If a patient has an oxygen saturation of 90%, what should the nurse administer?
If a patient has an oxygen saturation of 90%, what should the nurse administer?
What does the term 'aphasia' refer to?
What does the term 'aphasia' refer to?
A patient has difficulty speaking after a stroke. Which term best describes their condition?
A patient has difficulty speaking after a stroke. Which term best describes their condition?
Which of the following is NOT a typical visual deficit associated with stroke?
Which of the following is NOT a typical visual deficit associated with stroke?
Which healthcare professional is specifically trained to diagnose and treat communication problems?
Which healthcare professional is specifically trained to diagnose and treat communication problems?
What is a recommended measure to facilitate communication when a patient has communication challenges?
What is a recommended measure to facilitate communication when a patient has communication challenges?
When communicating with a patient who is fatigued, what type of questions are most appropriate?
When communicating with a patient who is fatigued, what type of questions are most appropriate?
Why is it important to provide education to family members and significant others regarding the patient's communication problems?
Why is it important to provide education to family members and significant others regarding the patient's communication problems?
What information is essential to provide to a patient and family upon discharge to home?
What information is essential to provide to a patient and family upon discharge to home?
In the acute phase of illness, why is it advisable to give information in small amounts?
In the acute phase of illness, why is it advisable to give information in small amounts?
What might result due to the fear patients and their families have about the patient's current condition?
What might result due to the fear patients and their families have about the patient's current condition?
When communicating with a patient, why should one avoid interrupting?
When communicating with a patient, why should one avoid interrupting?
What percentage of strokes is classified as ischemic strokes?
What percentage of strokes is classified as ischemic strokes?
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
What type of stroke occurs when a blood clot is formed in a vessel in the brain?
What type of stroke occurs when a blood clot is formed in a vessel in the brain?
What common situation can lead to an embolic stroke?
What common situation can lead to an embolic stroke?
How long does a transient ischemic attack (TIA) typically last?
How long does a transient ischemic attack (TIA) typically last?
What is the main goal of treating a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
What is the main goal of treating a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
In which arteries do thrombotic strokes most often occur?
In which arteries do thrombotic strokes most often occur?
What percentage of strokes are preceded by a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
What percentage of strokes are preceded by a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders?
What is the primary mechanism of action for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders?
A patient is prescribed aspirin following a TIA. Which of the following best describes the primary therapeutic goal in this context?
A patient is prescribed aspirin following a TIA. Which of the following best describes the primary therapeutic goal in this context?
What is a critical factor regarding the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for a patient experiencing a stroke?
What is a critical factor regarding the administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for a patient experiencing a stroke?
What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient prescribed warfarin?
What is the most important monitoring parameter for a patient prescribed warfarin?
Why would a patient with a stroke be considered for surgery?
Why would a patient with a stroke be considered for surgery?
If a patient experiences weakness on the left side of their body following the cerebral infarct, where is the most likely location of the brain lesion?
If a patient experiences weakness on the left side of their body following the cerebral infarct, where is the most likely location of the brain lesion?
What is the primary concern with Simvastatin and other statin drugs mentioned when they are administered?
What is the primary concern with Simvastatin and other statin drugs mentioned when they are administered?
A patient is taking clopidogrel. What key adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
A patient is taking clopidogrel. What key adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?
What is the surgical procedure called that involves removing an occlusion from the carotid artery?
What is the surgical procedure called that involves removing an occlusion from the carotid artery?
During which procedure is a carotid stent typically placed?
During which procedure is a carotid stent typically placed?
Which of the following best describes hemiplegia?
Which of the following best describes hemiplegia?
What is the function of the balloon during a carotid stent procedure?
What is the function of the balloon during a carotid stent procedure?
What is the purpose of a stent after a balloon inflates to open a carotid artery?
What is the purpose of a stent after a balloon inflates to open a carotid artery?
The primary underlying cause of cerebrovascular disorders is:
The primary underlying cause of cerebrovascular disorders is:
Following a stroke, which term best describes the condition where a patient experiences difficulty with coordination or balance?
Following a stroke, which term best describes the condition where a patient experiences difficulty with coordination or balance?
A patient who experienced a stroke begins to experience double vision. Which of the following terms best describes the patient's condition?
A patient who experienced a stroke begins to experience double vision. Which of the following terms best describes the patient's condition?
An intracerebral hemorrhage occurs within which area?
An intracerebral hemorrhage occurs within which area?
Which of the following best differentiates a thrombotic stroke from an embolic stroke?
Which of the following best differentiates a thrombotic stroke from an embolic stroke?
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the term for the area of the brain surrounding an ischemic stroke where some tissue is still viable but at risk?
What is the term for the area of the brain surrounding an ischemic stroke where some tissue is still viable but at risk?
Why may intracerebral hemorrhages sometimes go undetected initially?
Why may intracerebral hemorrhages sometimes go undetected initially?
Which of the following terms best describes the type of stroke that occurs when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures?
Which of the following terms best describes the type of stroke that occurs when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures?
What surgical intervention involves the removal of plaque from the lining of an artery to improve blood flow?
What surgical intervention involves the removal of plaque from the lining of an artery to improve blood flow?
What is a primary blood pressure management goal for patients with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is a primary blood pressure management goal for patients with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is critical for teaching patients and families to recognize?
What is critical for teaching patients and families to recognize?
A patient is experiencing weakness on the right side of their body after suffering a stroke. Which of the following best indicates the location of the stroke?
A patient is experiencing weakness on the right side of their body after suffering a stroke. Which of the following best indicates the location of the stroke?
What is the best way to manage an acute stroke quickly?
What is the best way to manage an acute stroke quickly?
What is not a typical consequence of long-term untreated intracerebral hemorrhages?
What is not a typical consequence of long-term untreated intracerebral hemorrhages?
What does maintaining blood pressure below 120/80 mm Hg aim to achieve in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage?
What does maintaining blood pressure below 120/80 mm Hg aim to achieve in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage?
Why is a temperature greater than 99.6°F treated in patients who have experienced a stroke?
Why is a temperature greater than 99.6°F treated in patients who have experienced a stroke?
Which type of intravenous (IV) fluid is preferred for stroke patients to prevent hyperglycemia?
Which type of intravenous (IV) fluid is preferred for stroke patients to prevent hyperglycemia?
What is the primary action of thrombolytic agents in treating ischemic stroke?
What is the primary action of thrombolytic agents in treating ischemic stroke?
What is the recommended timeframe in which a stroke team should assess a patient upon arrival at the hospital?
What is the recommended timeframe in which a stroke team should assess a patient upon arrival at the hospital?
If a patient awakens after a night’s sleep to discover they have stroke symptoms, why are they typically not candidates for thrombolytic therapy?
If a patient awakens after a night’s sleep to discover they have stroke symptoms, why are they typically not candidates for thrombolytic therapy?
Within what timeframe after a stroke patient's arrival should the healthcare provider make a decision regarding thrombolytic therapy?
Within what timeframe after a stroke patient's arrival should the healthcare provider make a decision regarding thrombolytic therapy?
Why might stroke patients be at risk of developing increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Why might stroke patients be at risk of developing increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What is the significance of the phrase 'Time lost is brain lost' in the context of stroke care?
What is the significance of the phrase 'Time lost is brain lost' in the context of stroke care?
Which medication class is designed to dissolve existing blood clots in the context of cerebrovascular disorders?
Which medication class is designed to dissolve existing blood clots in the context of cerebrovascular disorders?
A patient is prescribed aspirin following a TIA. What should the nurse prioritize monitoring in relation to this medication?
A patient is prescribed aspirin following a TIA. What should the nurse prioritize monitoring in relation to this medication?
What is the primary purpose of antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel in the context of stroke prevention?
What is the primary purpose of antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel in the context of stroke prevention?
A patient is prescribed simvastatin after experiencing a stroke. What should the nurse instruct the patient to report immediately?
A patient is prescribed simvastatin after experiencing a stroke. What should the nurse instruct the patient to report immediately?
What is a crucial consideration regarding the timeframe for administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for stroke patients?
What is a crucial consideration regarding the timeframe for administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for stroke patients?
A patient is taking warfarin after a stroke. Which lab test is most crucial for nurses to monitor?
A patient is taking warfarin after a stroke. Which lab test is most crucial for nurses to monitor?
What is the rationale for considering surgery in patients who have had a stroke?
What is the rationale for considering surgery in patients who have had a stroke?
If a patient experiences paralysis on the right side of their body due to a stroke, where is the most likely location of the brain lesion?
If a patient experiences paralysis on the right side of their body due to a stroke, where is the most likely location of the brain lesion?
In the immediate post-stroke period, when should antihypertensive medications be administered?
In the immediate post-stroke period, when should antihypertensive medications be administered?
What is the primary rationale for allowing permissive hypertension in the acute phase of stroke treatment?
What is the primary rationale for allowing permissive hypertension in the acute phase of stroke treatment?
Which of these is NOT identified as a risk factor for developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in stroke patients?
Which of these is NOT identified as a risk factor for developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in stroke patients?
What is the immediate priority when a stroke patient vomits?
What is the immediate priority when a stroke patient vomits?
What should be assessed prior to initiating oral feedings in a patient recovering from a stroke?
What should be assessed prior to initiating oral feedings in a patient recovering from a stroke?
Why are stroke patients prone to respiratory complications?
Why are stroke patients prone to respiratory complications?
Following the acute phase of stroke treatment, what do physical, occupational, and speech therapy consultations focus on?
Following the acute phase of stroke treatment, what do physical, occupational, and speech therapy consultations focus on?
Which of the following is a primary non-drug method of preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Which of the following is a primary non-drug method of preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
What is the primary underlying cause of an intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the primary underlying cause of an intracerebral hemorrhage?
How might multiple, minor intracerebral hemorrhages manifest in a patient before major neurological deficits occur?
How might multiple, minor intracerebral hemorrhages manifest in a patient before major neurological deficits occur?
What is the recommended blood pressure management goal for patients with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage to prevent recurrence?
What is the recommended blood pressure management goal for patients with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage to prevent recurrence?
Why is it essential to teach patients and their families to recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Why is it essential to teach patients and their families to recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
What does the term 'intracerebral' indicate in the context of an intracerebral hemorrhage?
What does the term 'intracerebral' indicate in the context of an intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the most significant difference between an intracerebral hemorrhage and an embolic stroke based on the etiology?
What is the most significant difference between an intracerebral hemorrhage and an embolic stroke based on the etiology?
Which of the following statements best describes the progression of deficits associated with multiple minor intracerebral bleeds?
Which of the following statements best describes the progression of deficits associated with multiple minor intracerebral bleeds?
If a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage has fluctuating blood pressure readings, what intervention is most critical in the short term?
If a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage has fluctuating blood pressure readings, what intervention is most critical in the short term?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood supply and brain cell survival following a stroke?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood supply and brain cell survival following a stroke?
In the context of a stroke, what does the term 'penumbra' refer to?
In the context of a stroke, what does the term 'penumbra' refer to?
A patient presents with stroke symptoms, and diagnostic tests are underway. Which aspect of care takes priority?
A patient presents with stroke symptoms, and diagnostic tests are underway. Which aspect of care takes priority?
What is the significance of the duration of ischemia in determining the outcomes of a stroke?
What is the significance of the duration of ischemia in determining the outcomes of a stroke?
Which of the following is a key characteristic differentiating hemorrhagic stroke from an ischemic stroke?
Which of the following is a key characteristic differentiating hemorrhagic stroke from an ischemic stroke?
Which clinical finding is LEAST likely to be observed in a patient experiencing an acute ischemic stroke?
Which clinical finding is LEAST likely to be observed in a patient experiencing an acute ischemic stroke?
Why is it important to identify a transient ischemic attack (TIA) as a possible warning sign for a more serious type of stroke?
Why is it important to identify a transient ischemic attack (TIA) as a possible warning sign for a more serious type of stroke?
Which population group has the highest incidence of stroke?
Which population group has the highest incidence of stroke?
A patient with an ischemic stroke presents with a sudden onset of right-sided weakness and facial droop. Which area of the brain is MOST likely affected?
A patient with an ischemic stroke presents with a sudden onset of right-sided weakness and facial droop. Which area of the brain is MOST likely affected?
A nurse is performing a dysphagia screen. Which finding would cause a nurse the MOST concern?
A nurse is performing a dysphagia screen. Which finding would cause a nurse the MOST concern?
According to the provided content, what is the primary reason for cerebral dysfunction in stroke patients?
According to the provided content, what is the primary reason for cerebral dysfunction in stroke patients?
A patient with suspected stroke has completed an initial CT scan. Which diagnostic procedure would be the MOST appropriate NEXT step?
A patient with suspected stroke has completed an initial CT scan. Which diagnostic procedure would be the MOST appropriate NEXT step?
Which clinical manifestation is MOST indicative of a cerebellar issue after a stroke?
Which clinical manifestation is MOST indicative of a cerebellar issue after a stroke?
A patient is admitted with right-sided hemiplegia and is scheduled for a comprehensive stroke assessment. What is the MOST essential parameter to monitor during the initial assessment period?
A patient is admitted with right-sided hemiplegia and is scheduled for a comprehensive stroke assessment. What is the MOST essential parameter to monitor during the initial assessment period?
A patient with a suspected stroke presents with new onset weakness on the left side of the body. Which of the following assessments is MOST critical to complete before the patient is allowed any PO intake?
A patient with a suspected stroke presents with new onset weakness on the left side of the body. Which of the following assessments is MOST critical to complete before the patient is allowed any PO intake?
An ED nurse utilizes the NIHSS to determine the patient’s neurologic deficit level. What does it evaluate?
An ED nurse utilizes the NIHSS to determine the patient’s neurologic deficit level. What does it evaluate?
Why might a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage initially present with symptoms that are mistaken for a flulike illness?
Why might a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage initially present with symptoms that are mistaken for a flulike illness?
In the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage, what is the primary reason for maintaining a systolic blood pressure between 120 and 160 mm Hg?
In the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage, what is the primary reason for maintaining a systolic blood pressure between 120 and 160 mm Hg?
What is the immediate goal of surgical management for a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an aneurysm?
What is the immediate goal of surgical management for a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an aneurysm?
What is the significance of a patient holding their head and moaning or crying in pain during a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the significance of a patient holding their head and moaning or crying in pain during a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Why is sensitivity to light important in the assessment of a patient with a suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Why is sensitivity to light important in the assessment of a patient with a suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage is admitted to the ICU. What is the typical purpose of an arterial line in this context?
A patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage is admitted to the ICU. What is the typical purpose of an arterial line in this context?
What is the significance of monitoring central venous pressure in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the significance of monitoring central venous pressure in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?
In managing a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, if the systolic blood pressure goes outside of the 120 - 160 mm Hg range, what is most important?
In managing a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, if the systolic blood pressure goes outside of the 120 - 160 mm Hg range, what is most important?
If a patient experiences vasospasm extending beyond the initial vessel, what is the primary characteristic that determines the extent of the damage?
If a patient experiences vasospasm extending beyond the initial vessel, what is the primary characteristic that determines the extent of the damage?
In the context of cerebrovascular disorders, what is the relationship between interventions given to patients that have had a stroke of any sort?
In the context of cerebrovascular disorders, what is the relationship between interventions given to patients that have had a stroke of any sort?
When a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder is being discharged to a rehabilitation center, what prerequisite condition must generally be met?
When a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder is being discharged to a rehabilitation center, what prerequisite condition must generally be met?
Following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure, what is the anatomical structure that receives the drained cerebrospinal fluid?
Following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure, what is the anatomical structure that receives the drained cerebrospinal fluid?
If a nurse notes a change in vital signs, respiratory function, or neurologic status in a patient, what is the most appropriate immediate action?
If a nurse notes a change in vital signs, respiratory function, or neurologic status in a patient, what is the most appropriate immediate action?
In the immediate care of a patient suspected of any kind of cerebrovascular event, which assessment takes precedence before offering any oral intake?
In the immediate care of a patient suspected of any kind of cerebrovascular event, which assessment takes precedence before offering any oral intake?
A patient is undergoing assessment for a cerebrovascular event and the health care provider notes a change in breath sounds. What is the most relevant action to take?
A patient is undergoing assessment for a cerebrovascular event and the health care provider notes a change in breath sounds. What is the most relevant action to take?
What is the correct order for assessing a patient with a suspected stroke in relation to oral intake?
What is the correct order for assessing a patient with a suspected stroke in relation to oral intake?
Which intervention is most directly aimed at addressing a patient's risk for falls due to confusion?
Which intervention is most directly aimed at addressing a patient's risk for falls due to confusion?
A patient struggles to articulate words correctly and uses the wrong order. Besides consulting a speech pathologist, which nursing action should be prioritized?
A patient struggles to articulate words correctly and uses the wrong order. Besides consulting a speech pathologist, which nursing action should be prioritized?
What is the primary goal of assisting a patient with a dominant side deficit to use their non-dominant side?
What is the primary goal of assisting a patient with a dominant side deficit to use their non-dominant side?
Which nursing action is LEAST likely to be effective in preventing falls in a patient with impaired mobility due to a cerebrovascular event?
Which nursing action is LEAST likely to be effective in preventing falls in a patient with impaired mobility due to a cerebrovascular event?
A patient exhibits dysarthria following a stroke. What specific approach should be implemented to help the patient achieve effective communication?
A patient exhibits dysarthria following a stroke. What specific approach should be implemented to help the patient achieve effective communication?
Which outcome best demonstrates that a patient's communication goals are being met following a stroke causing language deficits?
Which outcome best demonstrates that a patient's communication goals are being met following a stroke causing language deficits?
When a patient displays aphasia secondary to a stroke, what specific action should caregivers prioritize to foster effective communication?
When a patient displays aphasia secondary to a stroke, what specific action should caregivers prioritize to foster effective communication?
What is the main objective of providing education to the family about a patient’s condition and recovery plan?
What is the main objective of providing education to the family about a patient’s condition and recovery plan?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders?
According to the information provided, what is the critical action to take when a patient experiences sudden, severe headache with no known cause?
According to the information provided, what is the critical action to take when a patient experiences sudden, severe headache with no known cause?
A patient presents with sudden onset of dizziness, loss of balance, and difficulty walking. Based on the information provided, what should be the immediate concern?
A patient presents with sudden onset of dizziness, loss of balance, and difficulty walking. Based on the information provided, what should be the immediate concern?
Which symptom is specifically described as potentially affecting 'one or both eyes' according to the American Stroke Association, requiring immediate EMS activation?
Which symptom is specifically described as potentially affecting 'one or both eyes' according to the American Stroke Association, requiring immediate EMS activation?
Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders, based on the provided information?
Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular disorders, based on the provided information?
Which of the following is the most critical initial action when caring for a patient with a suspected stroke upon arrival at the hospital?
Which of the following is the most critical initial action when caring for a patient with a suspected stroke upon arrival at the hospital?
A patient who had a stroke the day prior had a temperature of 100.4°F. What is the primary intervention that should be considered based on the provided text?
A patient who had a stroke the day prior had a temperature of 100.4°F. What is the primary intervention that should be considered based on the provided text?
If a patient is a candidate for intravenous fluids after a stroke, which type of solution is most appropriate to use?
If a patient is a candidate for intravenous fluids after a stroke, which type of solution is most appropriate to use?
What is the primary mechanism by which thrombolytic agents like tPA help in the treatment of ischemic stroke?
What is the primary mechanism by which thrombolytic agents like tPA help in the treatment of ischemic stroke?
Within what time frame does the healthcare provider (HCP) make a decision regarding thrombolytic therapy for a stroke patient after the patient's arrival at the healthcare facility?
Within what time frame does the healthcare provider (HCP) make a decision regarding thrombolytic therapy for a stroke patient after the patient's arrival at the healthcare facility?
A patient suspected of having a stroke went to bed at 10 PM and woke up at 6 AM with stroke symptoms. Why does this impact their eligibility for thrombolytic therapy?
A patient suspected of having a stroke went to bed at 10 PM and woke up at 6 AM with stroke symptoms. Why does this impact their eligibility for thrombolytic therapy?
A stroke patient receives tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and responds positively. What best describes the potential outcome?
A stroke patient receives tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and responds positively. What best describes the potential outcome?
What is the significance of the phrase 'Time lost is brain lost' in the context of stroke management?
What is the significance of the phrase 'Time lost is brain lost' in the context of stroke management?
What is the most accurate description of the progression of vasospasm following a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the most accurate description of the progression of vasospasm following a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
In the context of long-term care after a cerebrovascular event, what is a primary shared characteristic of patients with an aneurysm, intracerebral bleed, and ischemic stroke?
In the context of long-term care after a cerebrovascular event, what is a primary shared characteristic of patients with an aneurysm, intracerebral bleed, and ischemic stroke?
During assessment of a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder, which finding would necessitate the MOST immediate reporting?
During assessment of a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder, which finding would necessitate the MOST immediate reporting?
What is the primary implication of vasospasm in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the primary implication of vasospasm in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder is observed to have changes in vital signs, respiratory status and a worsening level of consciousness. Which of the following options is the priority in this situation?
A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder is observed to have changes in vital signs, respiratory status and a worsening level of consciousness. Which of the following options is the priority in this situation?
A patient exhibits a sudden onset of diplopia and paresthesias. According to the provided information, which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate to consider?
A patient exhibits a sudden onset of diplopia and paresthesias. According to the provided information, which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate to consider?
When a patient shows signs of decreased cerebral tissue perfusion, how frequently should the nurse initially monitor their neurologic status?
When a patient shows signs of decreased cerebral tissue perfusion, how frequently should the nurse initially monitor their neurologic status?
Following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a patient progresses to rehabilitation. Besides physical recovery, which aspect should also be a focus for the care team?
Following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a patient progresses to rehabilitation. Besides physical recovery, which aspect should also be a focus for the care team?
A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed to drain cerebrospinal fluid. Where is the fluid being drained to?
A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed to drain cerebrospinal fluid. Where is the fluid being drained to?
Which of the following expected outcomes indicates improved cerebral tissue perfusion, as outlined in the plan of care?
Which of the following expected outcomes indicates improved cerebral tissue perfusion, as outlined in the plan of care?
What action should a nurse prioritize when assessing a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder before offering oral intake?
What action should a nurse prioritize when assessing a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder before offering oral intake?
A patient with a stroke is taking warfarin. Which laboratory test is most critical for the nurse to monitor?
A patient with a stroke is taking warfarin. Which laboratory test is most critical for the nurse to monitor?
Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of emotional lability observed after a stroke?
Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of emotional lability observed after a stroke?
What constitutes an important change in vital signs for a patient with potential cerebral tissue perfusion issues?
What constitutes an important change in vital signs for a patient with potential cerebral tissue perfusion issues?
Why is it crucial to avoid raising your voice when a patient with aphasia is having difficulty understanding?
Why is it crucial to avoid raising your voice when a patient with aphasia is having difficulty understanding?
Which of the following neurological assessment findings suggests worsening cerebral tissue perfusion?
Which of the following neurological assessment findings suggests worsening cerebral tissue perfusion?
What is a relevant intervention, mentioned in the text, which may aid a patient in regaining communication skills after experiencing a stroke?
What is a relevant intervention, mentioned in the text, which may aid a patient in regaining communication skills after experiencing a stroke?
What is the rationale for initially assessing vital signs every 30 minutes in a patient suspected of having a stroke?
What is the rationale for initially assessing vital signs every 30 minutes in a patient suspected of having a stroke?
What is the term used to describe the condition of double vision?
What is the term used to describe the condition of double vision?
Which nursing intervention is most beneficial to assist family members in comprehending a patient's symptoms of emotional lability after a stroke?
Which nursing intervention is most beneficial to assist family members in comprehending a patient's symptoms of emotional lability after a stroke?
Beyond the acute phase of a stroke, what are some considered long-term complications a patient might be at risk for?
Beyond the acute phase of a stroke, what are some considered long-term complications a patient might be at risk for?
A patient is being discharged home and needs further assistance. What is a preventative measure the caregivers should be educated on to support the patient's recovery?
A patient is being discharged home and needs further assistance. What is a preventative measure the caregivers should be educated on to support the patient's recovery?
What is the likely next step in care for a patient being discharged to rehabilitation after a stroke, according to the text?
What is the likely next step in care for a patient being discharged to rehabilitation after a stroke, according to the text?
Where could a family find more resources about stroke and its effects?
Where could a family find more resources about stroke and its effects?
What is one potential benefit of implementing a comprehensive stroke unit?
What is one potential benefit of implementing a comprehensive stroke unit?
What should be done if a patient is found to be unable to take in adequate oral calories?
What should be done if a patient is found to be unable to take in adequate oral calories?
In the context of stroke recovery, which intervention is essential when a patient has visual and sensory perception deficits?
In the context of stroke recovery, which intervention is essential when a patient has visual and sensory perception deficits?
What is the role of advance directives in the management of patients requiring a feeding tube?
What is the role of advance directives in the management of patients requiring a feeding tube?
What is a potential outcome of identifying specific sensory deficits in stroke patients?
What is a potential outcome of identifying specific sensory deficits in stroke patients?
What is an expected outcome from effective management of disturbed sensory perception in stroke patients?
What is an expected outcome from effective management of disturbed sensory perception in stroke patients?
Which of the following is NOT a component of comprehensive stroke care delivery?
Which of the following is NOT a component of comprehensive stroke care delivery?
What is the significance of monitoring calorie intake in stroke patients?
What is the significance of monitoring calorie intake in stroke patients?
Flashcards
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A temporary blockage of blood supply to the brain causing temporary neurological impairment. It lasts minutes to hours and the patient recovers completely.
Thrombotic Stroke
Thrombotic Stroke
A blood clot that forms within the brain, blocking blood flow.
Embolic Stroke
Embolic Stroke
A blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain, blocking blood flow.
Stroke
Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk Factors for Stroke
Risk Factors for Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
TIA and its relation to stroke
TIA and its relation to stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Swallow (Dysphagia) Screening
Swallow (Dysphagia) Screening
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dysphasia
Dysphasia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Aphasia
Aphasia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Homonymous Hemianopsia
Homonymous Hemianopsia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stenosis
Stenosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carotid Doppler Testing
Carotid Doppler Testing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carotid Angiography
Carotid Angiography
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombosis
Thrombosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Embolism
Embolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombolytic
Thrombolytic
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antiplatelet
Antiplatelet
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anticoagulant
Anticoagulant
Signup and view all the flashcards
Statin
Statin
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Early Signs
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Early Signs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Hallmark Symptom
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Hallmark Symptom
Signup and view all the flashcards
Photophobia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Photophobia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - LOC
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - LOC
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Seizures
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Seizures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Blood Pressure Management
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Blood Pressure Management
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Surgical Management
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Surgical Management
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Treatment Focus
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Treatment Focus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Speech-Language Pathologist
Speech-Language Pathologist
Signup and view all the flashcards
Communication Strategies for Aphasia
Communication Strategies for Aphasia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reducing Anxiety Post-Stroke
Reducing Anxiety Post-Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Information Delivery for Stroke Patients
Information Delivery for Stroke Patients
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reassuring the Patient and Family
Reassuring the Patient and Family
Signup and view all the flashcards
Family Education in Aphasia Care
Family Education in Aphasia Care
Signup and view all the flashcards
Discharge Planning for Stroke Patients
Discharge Planning for Stroke Patients
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vasospasm
Vasospasm
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vasospasm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Vasospasm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ischemia and Infarction
Ischemia and Infarction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Signup and view all the flashcards
Peritoneal Cavity
Peritoneal Cavity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Key Vital Signs and Assessments
Key Vital Signs and Assessments
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prompt Reporting of Changes
Prompt Reporting of Changes
Signup and view all the flashcards
TIA's Relationship to Stroke
TIA's Relationship to Stroke
Signup and view all the flashcards
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombolytic Therapy
Thrombolytic Therapy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombolytic Agent
Thrombolytic Agent
Signup and view all the flashcards
Time to Treatment
Time to Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stroke Team
Stroke Team
Signup and view all the flashcards
Permissive Hypertension
Permissive Hypertension
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sequential Compression Devices
Sequential Compression Devices
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombolytic Drugs
Thrombolytic Drugs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antiplatelet Medications
Antiplatelet Medications
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anticoagulant Medications
Anticoagulant Medications
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carotid Endarterectomy
Carotid Endarterectomy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stent
Stent
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carotid Angioplasty
Carotid Angioplasty
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thrombolytic Medication
Thrombolytic Medication
Signup and view all the flashcards
Statin Medication
Statin Medication
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a Thrombotic Stroke?
What is a Thrombotic Stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an Embolic Stroke?
What is an Embolic Stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
What is an Ischemic Stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the Penumbra?
What is the Penumbra?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a Cerebral Hemorrhage?
What is a Cerebral Hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Intracerebral Hemorrhage?
What is Intracerebral Hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebrovascular Stenosis
Cerebrovascular Stenosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Angioplasty
Angioplasty
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a motor disturbance symptom of a stroke?
What is a motor disturbance symptom of a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Can motor disturbances occur on both sides of the body?
Can motor disturbances occur on both sides of the body?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does dysphagia mean?
What does dysphagia mean?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is ataxia?
What is ataxia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the NIHSS?
What is the NIHSS?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What blood tests are typically performed after a stroke?
What blood tests are typically performed after a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why are patients placed on a cardiac monitor and pulse oximeter after a stroke?
Why are patients placed on a cardiac monitor and pulse oximeter after a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an ECG used for after a stroke?
What is an ECG used for after a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Penumbra
Penumbra
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the five signs or symptoms that require immediate medical attention?
What are the five signs or symptoms that require immediate medical attention?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Cerebrovascular Stenosis?
What is Cerebrovascular Stenosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Angioplasty?
What is Angioplasty?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is emotional lability?
What is emotional lability?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a common complication after a stroke?
What is a common complication after a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a cerebral aneurysm?
What is a cerebral aneurysm?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a hallmark symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is a hallmark symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is photophobia?
What is photophobia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Explain emotional lability after a stroke.
Explain emotional lability after a stroke.
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a DVT?
What is a DVT?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is vasospasm and its significance in subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is vasospasm and its significance in subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
What is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the purpose of stroke rehabilitation?
What is the purpose of stroke rehabilitation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What's the most common long-term complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What's the most common long-term complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the peritoneal cavity?
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why are changes in vital signs important to track after a stroke?
Why are changes in vital signs important to track after a stroke?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What's the importance of discharge planning for stroke patients?
What's the importance of discharge planning for stroke patients?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How can vasospasm impact the brain?
How can vasospasm impact the brain?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Decreased Cerebral Tissue Perfusion
Decreased Cerebral Tissue Perfusion
Signup and view all the flashcards
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the benefit of a comprehensive stroke unit?
What is the benefit of a comprehensive stroke unit?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do you address Disturbed Sensory Perception in stroke patients?
How do you address Disturbed Sensory Perception in stroke patients?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Nursing Care of Patients With Cerebrovascular Disorders
- Learning Outcomes: Describe causes, risk factors, and pathophysiology of transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke; identify emergency interventions for these conditions; plan therapeutic measures; identify outcomes for stroke victims; and plan nursing care for patients with cerebrovascular disorders.
Key Terms
- Aphasia: Loss of language ability.
- Ataxia: Loss of muscle coordination.
- Diplopia: Double vision.
- Dysphasia: Difficulty with speech.
- Embolic: Caused by an embolus (a clot or other matter) that travels and blocks blood flow.
- Embolism: The blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.
- Endarterectomy: Surgical removal of plaque from an artery.
- Hemorrhagic: Related to bleeding.
- Intracerebral: Within the cerebrum (part of the brain).
- Ischemic: Related to lack of blood flow.
- Penumbra: Region of brain tissue surrounding the area of damage; potentially salvageable.
- Thrombolytic: Clot-dissolving.
- Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.
- Unilateral neglect: Inability to recognize or attend to the side of the body opposite the affected side.
- Stroke: Cerebrovascular accident
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- A temporary blockage of blood to the brain, causing temporary neurologic impairment.
- Risk factors and symptoms are the same as for stroke.
- Urgent evaluation is needed to prevent a full stroke.
- Treatment focuses on minimizing risk factors, such as controlling hypertension, cholesterol, or other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
- Disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in brain cell death.
- Permanent disability is often the result.
- Most common causes are thrombotic or embolic stroke.
- Risk factors include age, gender, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, poor diet (high sodium, high fat, low potassium), physical inactivity, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, high triglycerides, history of migraines, and a thick waist. Children with sickle cell disease and cardiac anomalies are also at risk. Increased risk in persons with lower levels of education, lower socioeconomic status, and those living in the southeastern United States.
Pathophysiology of Stroke
- Brain cells require constant oxygen and glucose; if the supply is interrupted, they die.
- The penumbra region surrounding the damage contains "stunned" cells that survive if blood flow is restored quickly.
- Symptoms depend on the affected area and the duration of ischemia.
Ischemic Stroke
- Blood supply to the brain is blocked or significantly slowed.
- Two main types: thrombotic (occlusion builds in an artery) and embolic (clot forms elsewhere and travels).
Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Rupture of a cerebral blood vessel, allowing blood to leak into brain tissue.
- Two main types: subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding between the brain and the tissues that cover it) and intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding within the brain tissue).
Warning signs of stroke
- Use the FAST acronym for quick recognition:
- F Face drooping
- A Arms weakness
- S Speech difficulty
- T Time to call emergency services
- Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg (especially on one side); sudden confusion; trouble speaking or understanding; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination; sudden severe headache with no known cause.
Diagnostic Tests
- CT scan (computed tomography): Essential to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Checks for atrial fibrillation.
- Echocardiogram: evaluates the heart for abnormalities.
- Stroke Scale (NIHSS): quantifies the severity of a stroke for standardized measurements
- Carotid Doppler: Uses ultrasound to detect carotid artery stenosis.
- Carotid angiography: (If needed) allows visualization to determine the extent of blockage.
Therapeutic Measures
- Thrombolytic therapy (tPA): Clot-busting medication for ischemic stroke; must be administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
- Blood pressure control: Crucial for stroke patients, especially those receiving tPA. Blood pressure should be typically kept below 185/110 mm Hg.
- Medications: For long-term management, blood pressure control medications (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers), cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins), anticoagulants, and antiplatelet medications (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) may be necessary.
Complications
- Rebleeding: A serious complication of cerebral aneurysm (which is a sac formed in a blood vessel) and bleeding from it.
- Vasospasm: narrowing of a blood vessel, commonly a consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Hydrocephalus: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
- Emotional lability: rapid shifts in mood
- Impaired Judgement or Safety: Common in strokes with right-side brain damage.
- Unilateral neglect: Inability to recognize or attend to the side of the body opposite the affected side.
- Aspiration pneumonia: A common complication resulting from the impaired swallowing ability (dysphagia) that occurs after a stroke.
- Skin breakdown: Pressure injuries related to immobility and incontinence.
- Urinary/bowel incontinence: Loss of bladder and/or bowel control.
Nursing Care Plan
(Existing information updated with new details)
- Monitoring neurologic status: Frequent, ongoing neurologic assessments are essential to note changes.
- Supporting swallowing: Thorough dysphagia screening to ensure safe feeding practices. Implementation of interventions to manage dysphagia to prevent aspiration.
- Maintaining fluid balance: Prevent dehydration and ensure adequate hydration.
- Maintaining safety: Prevent falls. Implement fall precautions such as ensuring clear pathways, bedside assistance, and appropriate assistive devices.
- Promoting self-care: Assist with ADLs; encourage independence.
- Managing skin integrity: Protect from pressure injuries. Use pressure-reducing mattresses and/or frequent repositioning.
- Supporting family and caregivers: Provide education, emotional support, and resources to family and caregivers.
- Communication: Establish clear and effective communication strategies with patients who have aphasia or dysphasia.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
