Lymphomas

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

what is a neoplasm?

A neoplasm is a malignant tumor formed by abnormal mass and growth of cells. It depends on a lineage with specific protein markers an genetics

Describe a lymphoid neoplasm?

A lypmhoid neoplasm is a tumor that resmebles the normal stage of lymphocyte differntiation. It disrupts immune function. There are two different types: non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin, which a distinctive neoplastic RS giant cell. Both are also caused by a single cell transformation. It is a B and T cell tumor diagnosed by FCI. It is made up of cells that can't go into lymhocyte differentiation.

What are the subtypes of neoplasms?

Lymphoid neoplasm: tumor resembles normal stage of lymphocyte differentiation. It is made up of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It disrupts membrane function. It also has plasama cell neoplasm that has abnormal immunoglobulin and B cell proliferations. Plasma cell It serveas tumor markers.
Myeloid neoplasm: it orginaites in the hematopoietic stem cell and it involves bone marrow Histiocytic neoplasm: spectrum proliferations of Langerhans cells. It has lesions of macrophages and dendritic cells

What is a lymphoma, the symptoms, diagnosis, and main types

Lymphoma: Blood tumor cells from lymphocytes. symptoms: large lymph nodes that are unpainful, fever, night sweats, tirednes, wieght loss diagnosis: lymph node biopsy ( excision of lymph node), bone marrow, blood, urine 4 types: Hodgkin, Non-Hogdkin, multiple myeloma, immunoproliferative diseases Signup and view all the answers

Describe Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)

Age: 20-29 and 55-older age groups Prognosis: starts in 1 lymph node but can spread to other ones in same axial group Treatment: stem cell transplants, chemotherapy, radiation therapy From: Germinal B cells makes a protein that inhibits T cell function 5 different types Reed-sternberd cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a reed-sternberg (RS) cell? what infection is it in? what role does it play?

Reed Sternberg cell is in Hodgkin Lymphoma and it marks the presence of it. It is a large, multinucleated, eosinophiliv cytoplasm, orange color, prominent nucleoli. It also has the OWL eye shape due to the eosinophilic cytoplasm. All of them have the same immunoglobulin rearrangment. RS causes lymphocyte predomionant, meaing that it gives germinal centers B cell markers. Signup and view all the answers

What is non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

It is the most common lymphoma. It has risk factors such as HIV/AIDS and autoimmune disease. It also mainly occurs in B cells. different types: Follicular, Diffuse Large B cell, Mantle Cell,Burkitt, MALT, PLasma cell neoplasms Signup and view all the answers

What is follicular lymphoma?

A type of NHL that is the second most common. IMpacts: follicle center of B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts) surrounded by non-malignant cells (mainly T) pathogenesis: 14,18 translocation of BCL2 (18) with IgH (14) -BCL@ is a protein that inhibits apoptosis immunotype: germinal B cell expresses CD10 & BCL6 BCL^: transcription factor needed to make germinal center of B cells Manifestation: bone marrow involved, lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What are centrocytes and centroblasts? what disease are they involved in and what role do the play?

Centrocyte: angular cleaved nuclei, indentations, linear foldings, corse nuclear chromatin Centroblast: vesicular chromatin, several nucleo, moderate cytoplasm, small in numnber Both are involed in follicular lymphoma and make up a tumor that is surrounded by non-malignant cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffuse Large B cell lymphoma?

MOst common type of adult lymphoma. Type of NHL. pathogenesis: rearrangment of BCL@ gene (3q27), increased amount of BCL6 and BCL2 Immunotype: shows antigen CD20 and IgM manifestation: rapid enlargin and asymptomatic mass treatment: combo-chemo and anti-CD20 immunotherapy, it is fatal without these creates neoplasmic B cells that are round, oval, large, dispersed chromatin and multi lobed nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?

EDV_associated: driven by poly clonal B-cell proliferations Kaposi-sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV): primary effusion of lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

what is Mantle Cell lymphoma?

A rare type of NHL pathogenesis: translocation of chromosomes 11 & 14 leads to over expression of cyclin D1. This fuses with IgH appearance: CD%+ pregerminal center and B cell in mantle zone surrounded by germinal follicles morphology: lymph node diffuse in nodular pattern and proliferaitve center zone tumor cell shape: large, irregular nucleus, scant cyotplasm and pink histiocytes immunotype: CD20, CD5, high level of D1 protein manifestation: lymphadenophathy and splenomegaly. Signup and view all the answers

What is Burkitt Lymphoma?

A cancer of the lymphtic system where B lymphocytes are found in a germinal center 3 variants tumor appearance: starry sky pathogeneiss: translocation of MYC gene (chrmosome 8) and IgH (chromosome 14) it causes an increase MYC transcription factor MYC gene: reguates Warburg metabolism,] Normal B cells have rearragned immunoblobulin chains and IgH manifestation: maxillary or mandibular masses symptoms: tumors in the bowel, ovaries, retroperitoneum Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the "Starry Sky" appearance

It is the arrangment of cells in Burkitt Lymphoma. It is composed of scattered tingled body laden dead macrophafes. These macrophages contain the dwad bidy of apoptoi tunmor cells. They are small basophilic cytoplasm with 3-4 small nucleoli. the tunor contains sheets of similar size and morphology that has high rates of apoptosis. Signup and view all the answers

what are the variants of Burkitt Lymphoma?

endemic varient: mainly in children in Africa with malaria and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) Sporadic variant: most common in children Immunodeficiency-associated: occurs in patients eith immosupressive drugs Signup and view all the answers

what is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma?(MALT lymphoma)?

A type of NHL origin site: extronodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma diagnosis: using EGD Appearace: gastric ulcer with adherent clot, mainly found in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

what is multiple myeloma?

A plasma cell neoplasm (cancer of plasma cells) manifestartion: tunmor cells scattered throughout skeletal system, masses in bones and soft tissue Pathogenesis: translioation of IgH to oncogene effects: skeletal system, immune system, hypercalcemia, bone destruction cause of infection: neoplastic plasma cells increases the number of them and they accumullate in the bone marrow Bence jones proteins Clinical feature: estra IgG diagnosis: serum freeleappa?lombda light, blood tests, urine protein electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What are Bence Jones Protein?

These are proteins present in multiple myeloma. They are responsible for having obstruct distal conduted tubes, collecting ducts. They cause epithelial cells to become necrotic and atropic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

It involves finding the Bence Jones protein, Serum electrophoresis, Kappa and lambda light chains, bone marrow and urine, x-rays of bones. It also involves seeing symptoms uch as destructive skeletal lesions and hypercalcemia. Signup and view all the answers

what are some types of immunoproliferative diseases?

Monoclonal Gammopathy of UNdetermined Significance (MGUS): asymptomatic but have M proteinin blood Primary or immunocyte-associated amyloidosis: from proliferation secreting light chains deposited as amyloid waldenstorm macroglobulemia: syndrome whrtr hgiher levels of IgM cause hypervisvosity of blood Signup and view all the answers

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris