Lymphomas: Symptoms and Classification

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What diagnostic procedures can be used to render a diagnosis on minimal amounts of material?

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Proliferation of cells

Flow cytometry and/or molecular techniques (correct)

Fine needle aspiration

What is a characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Proliferation of cells is typically localized to a single group of nodes (correct)

Proliferating cells spread widely and noncontiguously

Mesenteric lymph nodes are commonly involved

Frequent involvement of multiple groups of nodes

In what stage is there lymph node involvement above and below the diaphragm?

Stage I

Stage IV

Stage II

Stage III (correct)

What is a characteristic of non-Hodgkin lymphomas?

Frequent involvement of multiple groups of nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest stage of lymphoma, characterized by widespread disease?

Stage IV Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as stage III(s) in lymphoma staging?

Involvement of the spleen Signup and view all the answers

What is a common way a patient with lymphoma may initially present?

With an isolated, enlarged superficial lymph node Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method for diagnosing lymphoma?

Lymph node biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What may be the first manifestation of a lymphoma?

Organ involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of biopsying several lymph nodes?

Because the lymphoma may not be distributed evenly in all lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What type of lymphoma may become symptomatic when there is cellular proliferation in the orbit?

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What may be an initial indicator of the presence of a lymphoma?

Involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood Signup and view all the answers

Why may hairy cells be difficult to locate in the bone marrow aspirate?

Because the disorder is often accompanied by fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of leukemia cells in hairy cell leukemia?

A shaggy cytoplasmic border Signup and view all the answers

What is the median age for presentation of plasma cell myeloma?

62 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent presenting symptom of plasma cell myeloma?

Bone pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that may result from the passage of free light chains into the urine?

Myeloma kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the initial workup of myeloma?

Skeletal survey Signup and view all the answers

What is the median age at which CLL predominantly occurs?

70 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of CLL lymphocytes?

Small size and coarsely clumped chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of male to female patients with CLL?

1.7:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the appearance of CLL lymphocytes on peripheral blood smears?

Smudge cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a low score of 1 or 2 in CLL diagnosis?

It is consistent with CLL Signup and view all the answers

What has superseded bone marrow biopsies in establishing prognoses in CLL?

Genetic and biologic biomarkers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Refractory cytopenias with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)?

Dysplasia in 2 or more lineages Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow in Refractory anemia with excess blasts-1 (RAEB-1)?

5% to 9% Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Myelodysplastic syndrome, unclassified (MDS-U)?

Dysplasia in 1 lineage other than erythroid Signup and view all the answers