DM307: System Design

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Questions and Answers

Please briefly define the term "Operations" with a real-life example.

Operations: any process used to transform inputs into some desired outputs. Also known as transformation process. Examples: cooking, breathing.

Please briefly define the term "Systems" with a real-life example.

Systems: a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. Examples: vehicles, airplanes, laptops, assembly lines, production plants.

Please briefly define the term "Products" with a real-life example.

Products: Any physical object that can be offered to a market for satisfying a need or want. Examples: mobile phones, TVs, DVD players.

Please briefly define the term "Services" with a real-life example.

<p>Services: Any economic activity that can be sold or owned by providers to customers. But it cannot be turned over. Examples: hair treatment, higher education, banking service, healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phases of product design are there? Name each of them

<p>6 Planning Concept development System - level design Detail design Testing and refinement Production ramp up</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 1st Phase of product design

<p>Planning: To align the capabilities of the company with the market needs, and identify the target market with key assumptions (e.g. future growth) and constraints (e.g. laws and regulations).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 2nd Phase of product design

<p>Concept development: To identify the customer needs of the target market, generate several product concepts (ideas), design specifications (e.g. key functions/purposes) of product concepts, address competitors, and evaluate the economic impact of the product concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 3rd Phase of product design

<p>System-level design: To construct the bill of materials (BOMs) of the product concepts at a higher level (i.e. key components only) and identify preliminary process flow (i.e. major processes required) for fabricating the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 4th Phase of product design

<p>Detail design: To refine the details (shapes, materials, dimensions, tolerances, etc) of the product concepts and develop process plans for making these concepts in consideration of the current capabilities (existing equipment, technology, manpower, etc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 5th Phase of product design

<p>Testing and refinement: To construct the physical forms of the product concepts and make comparisons among them in order to identify the best product concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the 6th Phase of product design

<p>Production ramp-up: to fabricate the best product concept using the process plans identified in step (4) and adjust the production volume with respect to the actual market needs over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC manufacturing intends to increase its capacity by adding new equipment. Two vendors have presented proposals. The fixed costs for proposal A are $50,000, and $70,000 for proposal B. The variable costs for A and B are $12/unit and $10/unit respectively. The revenue generated by each unit is $20.

What is the break-even point in units for proposal A?

<p>6,250 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC manufacturing intends to increase its capacity by adding new equipment. Two vendors have presented proposals. The fixed costs for proposal A are $50,000, and $70,000 for proposal B. The variable costs for A and B are $12/unit and $10/unit respectively. The revenue generated by each unit is $20.

What is the break-even point in units for proposal B?

<p>7,000 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC manufacturing intends to increase its capacity by adding new equipment. Two vendors have presented proposals. The fixed costs for proposal A are $50,000, and $70,000 for proposal B. The variable costs for A and B are $12/unit and $10/unit respectively. The revenue generated by each unit is $20.

At what volume (units) of output would the two proposals yield the same profit? Let QAB be the volume that two proposals would yield the same profit,

<p>10,000 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

ABC firm is currently making an item with a variable cost of $0.5/unit, and a selling price of $1.00/unit. Fixed costs are $14,000. Current volume is 30,000 units. The firm can substantially improve the product quality by adding a new equipment at an additional fixed cost of $6,000. Variable cost would increase to $0.6/unit, but volume should jump to 50,000 units due to a higher-quality product. Should ABC buy the new equipment?

<p>Current equipment: Profits = $1,000 New equipment: Profits = $0 So, ABC should NOT buy the new equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose that you want to determine the volume of sales dollars for the coming year to reach the break-even point. You are selling four items: beer, meals, desserts with wine, and lunches with sandwiches as shown in the following table. Your fixed cost is $1,800/month plus $2,000/month for entertainment.

a. What is your break-even point in dollars per month?

<p>7600</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected number of meals each day if you are open 30 days a month?

<p>9 meals/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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