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What is the process of forming impressions of others called?
What is the process of forming impressions of others called?
Person perception
All cultures have the exact same standards of physical attractiveness.
All cultures have the exact same standards of physical attractiveness.
False
What are inferences people make about the causes of events or behaviors called?
What are inferences people make about the causes of events or behaviors called?
Attributions
What is the tendency to explain the behaviors of others using internal attributions but to explain one's own behaviors using external attributions called?
What is the tendency to explain the behaviors of others using internal attributions but to explain one's own behaviors using external attributions called?
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What is the bias in which people tend to attribute good deeds and successes to their own internal attributes but attribute bad deeds or failures to external factors called?
What is the bias in which people tend to attribute good deeds and successes to their own internal attributes but attribute bad deeds or failures to external factors called?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four conditions proposed by Allport that are most effective in reducing prejudice?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four conditions proposed by Allport that are most effective in reducing prejudice?
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What is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters called?
What is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters called?
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What is the tendency to prejudge others on the basis of their group membership called?
What is the tendency to prejudge others on the basis of their group membership called?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of ingroup favoritism studied by Van de Vliert, as listed in the text?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of ingroup favoritism studied by Van de Vliert, as listed in the text?
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Implicit prejudice refers to prejudice that is verbalized and thus made public.
Implicit prejudice refers to prejudice that is verbalized and thus made public.
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What is a brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignity, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicates hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults to the target person or group called?
What is a brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignity, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicates hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults to the target person or group called?
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Cultures of honor place a strong emphasis on status and respect.
Cultures of honor place a strong emphasis on status and respect.
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What is the process by which people adapt to and adopt a different cultural system called?
What is the process by which people adapt to and adopt a different cultural system called?
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What is the proposition that immigrants and sojourners with characteristics that match their host cultures will adjust better than those with less match called?
What is the proposition that immigrants and sojourners with characteristics that match their host cultures will adjust better than those with less match called?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic acculturation strategies proposed by John Berry?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic acculturation strategies proposed by John Berry?
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According to Berry's model of acculturation, individuals who maintain their original culture while also forming relationships with members of the host culture are called assimilators.
According to Berry's model of acculturation, individuals who maintain their original culture while also forming relationships with members of the host culture are called assimilators.
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People who are more bicultural typically show enhanced creativity and professional success compared to those who are monocultural.
People who are more bicultural typically show enhanced creativity and professional success compared to those who are monocultural.
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The cultural fit hypothesis suggests that people who are a good fit for their new cultural environment will adjust better than people who are a poor fit.
The cultural fit hypothesis suggests that people who are a good fit for their new cultural environment will adjust better than people who are a poor fit.
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Emotion regulation is NOT considered a necessary component of intercultural adjustment.
Emotion regulation is NOT considered a necessary component of intercultural adjustment.
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While there are vast differences across cultures in people's social behaviors, there are also some underlying similarities that suggest some universal human needs and motives.
While there are vast differences across cultures in people's social behaviors, there are also some underlying similarities that suggest some universal human needs and motives.
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Study Notes
Culture and Social Behavior Chapter 14
- Cultural influences shape how people perceive others, including person perception, impression formation, face recognition, and attractiveness.
- Attributions, or inferences about the causes of behavior, are influenced by culture. Early research suggested cross-cultural variations in attributional styles.
- Mate selection, love, and marriage across cultures show variations in preferences for traits like age, physical appearance, and financial prospects.
- Mate poaching, the attraction of someone in a relationship, varies across cultures.
- Culture influences attitudes toward love and marriage. Cultural emphasis on love versus duty in marriage varies across cultures.
- Arranged marriages are common in some cultures and are a type of marriage where one person other than the couple makes the decision about who will be married.
- Intercultural marriages present unique challenges, including differences in expressions of love, intimacy, and approaches to child-rearing.
- Acculturation is the process by which an individual adapts to a new culture.
Culture and Intergroup Relations
- Ingroups and outgroups are categories of individuals in all societies created to facilitate survival and social functioning.
- Ingroup relationships are marked more by commitment and harmony in collectivistic cultures and less so in individualistic cultures.
- Outgroup relationships are marked by varying degrees of concern, distance, and even discrimination in collectivistic cultures and more equal treatment in individualistic cultures.
- Stereotypes are generalized images.
- Autostereotypes are stereotypes about one's own group; heterostereotypes about other groups.
- Stereotypes are often related to culture and are also susceptible to selective attention, attribution biases, and concept formation.
Culture and Conformity, Compliance and Obedience
- Conformity is yielding to real or imagined social pressure.
- Compliance is yielding to social pressure in public behavior despite private beliefs.
- Obedience is a form of compliance following direct commands, often from authority.
Culture and Cooperation
- Cooperation is the ability to work together toward common goals.
- Humans (compared to animals), demonstrate the ability for cooperation outside of kin and reciprocal relationships; cooperation, trust, and generosity are essential for the survival and function of society.
- Cooperation, trust, and giving are essential cognitive abilities, especially necessary for people to care for others' children, and those who are strangers.
- Cultural differences in people's willingness to cooperate with in-group and out-group members have been observed.
Culture and Aggression
- Aggression is behavior intended to physically or psychologically harm another.
- Culture plays a role in defining and regulating aggression.
- Acculturation affects behavior and thoughts and emotions and behaviors.
Conclusion and Exploration
- Cultural behaviors can differ fundamentally, but core similarities exist within social psychology.
- Humans across cultures share similar core needs, motives, and ways of processing experiences.
- Understanding how culture shapes behavior is essential in cross-cultural relations.
- Suggest further research exploring specific cultural influences on behaviors, and to look for similarities in those behaviors.
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